GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Year:2009 | Volume:23 | Issue:4 (91)|Papers Count:7

NAO is a very important teleconnection pattern in northern hemisphere. This teleconnection pattern consists of two cells over Greenland and North Atlantic. NAO index defines based on geopotential height anomalies of 700 hpa. In order (0 detect possible linear relationship between NAO index and monthly precipitation of Iran a linear model has been fitted to monthly NAO time series and monthly precipitation time series of every pixel of digital precipitation maps of Iran. This analysis showed that in November, March, December, August, and October a week linear relationship (negative and positive correlation respectively) exists between precipitation of some parts of Iran and NAO.

Sistan basin is located in an arid zone with less than 60mm precipitation per year. The life of region to be indebted to the Hirmand river and its embranchments inflows that import more than billions cubic meter of water and can support the survive of Hamoon international wetland and the population of the regions. The occurrence of periodic fluctuations in the water inflows and the potential climatic, geomorphologic and hydrologic conditions that expose the surface to wind erosion. In Sistan basin wind blow throughout the year, but during the June to September the wind is more important in respect to direction, frequency and intensity. This wind distinguished as 120days winds and is one of the most famous meso scale wind systems in the northern hemisphere. The effects of these winds can observe in eastern regions of Iran, west and southwest of Afghanistan and northwest of Pakistan. The blow of winds has unavoidable effects on all ecologic, economic and social aspects. High temperature especially during the periods of 120 days winds, lack of precipitation and physical aridity of environment prepar the favorite conditions for winds erosion. These situations accompanying with reduction of soil moisture can increases the possibility of dust storm. In this paper, the relationships between the hydrologic fluctuations and principle components of 120 days winds are studied. The results suggested that the days with visibility less than 2 km, calm conditions and dust conditions in Sistan basin have a significance difference with other regions of Iran and a significant correlation exists between these climatic elements and periodic fluctuations of discharge of Hirmand river, stability of Hamoon lake. These facts are substantiated based on the non-parametric and parametric tests and multivariate regression analysis. By decreasing the water inflow to Sistan basin, the calm conditions significantly decrease, horizontal and vertical visibility reach to minimum and dust storm violently increases and subsequently the environmental problems arising from dust also aggravated.

Climate plays a major role both in determination of the type of building and shelters, and in the rate of individual's requirement to energy demand and supply (this role is sometimes a limiting factor and at the other times an effective parameter). Therefore, the process of determination, recognition, and controlling of climatic effects on the rate of energy use is regarded as one of the important elements. There are quite a lot of differences between the patterns of various types of energy sources, for different purposes, different buildings, and also various societies and individuals. It is apparent that the amount of energy demand and requirement is much higher in cold than warm climates. The consumption or demand for greater use of energy in cold climates will in turu necessitate higher costs. This is considered as one of the main problems in such areas. Accordingly, the Azerbaijan area as part of northwest of Iran, is facing with problems and limitations of energy supply due to its cold and mountainous climate. Therefore, the study and precise recognition of solar energy as one of the best energy source of the world is an essential and irreversible action to be taken with the purpose of future planning and an appropriate management of energy.

Earthquake is a natural hazard. It creats loss of life and property. Generally, risk of analysis being forget in seismic studies. North Tabriz Fualt runs Boostanabad Township. Therefore, it is located in the zone of earthquake hazard. This study tries to recognaize active faults, and eastimate activities of faults. We will analyses the social risk resulted from earthquake. In this study we have used digitally topography maps (1: 50000 and 1:250000), geological maps (1:250000 and 1:100000), GIS (Arc/GIS and Arc/View), seismography and historical data. The results indicated that 81% of the study area is located in the very high, high and relatively high zones of the earthquake hazard. In this township, 62% of people exposed to earthquake.

Limitless development of the macro city of Tabriz goes on to create various changes in the different aspects of the living conditions of some of those villages which are located in its neighbor. Broad changes that created in the usage of the village lands, located in its neighborhood, are some of those changes. The present paper investigates the role of the spatial relations which exist among macro city of Tabriz and some of the villages located in its neighborhood, it also investigates those changes that are imposed by the existing relation in the usage of the given lands. The method of study is mainly on the basis of field studies. SPSS software is used to analyze data, and in order to reagents samples, statistical tests of chi - square and F - tests were employed. The results indicates that conversion of economic views (sights) from agricultural section to industrial and service sections, (economic and social mutations), resulted from changing city and village relations.

Population growth and increasing of cultivated land in past 30 years in one hand, and exploitation of underground water resources in the other hand causes over drafting of underground freshwater resources, such that, today there is a negative balance in aquifers. Excessive exploitation of underground fresh water resources of we region not only has reduced the level of water, but also caused the penetration of brine water in to the fresh water of these plains. It is clear that this process will cause environmental problems such as complete Stalinization of aquifer and drying of wells, and also will causes financial and social problems. study of quantity& quality of mentioned plains, data analyzing, and plotting TDS& EC maps shows that the situation in the most of the areas is critical and this problem must be solved by applying management approaches particularly management of Surface Water Resources. Hazardous human activities in the plain has been investigated by AHP method, and the result shows that the most important negative effective factor on the plain in both qualitative and quantitative aspects, is the human activities in agricultural and water exploitation that has been identified and ranked by pair wise comparisons method in the title of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP).

Agriculture is considered as a part of economy to an extent that economical development without agricultural development is impossible. Now leaning on scientific research and with regard to identifying environmental potentials of energy one can achieve a basic agricultural development, so it is necessary to identify developed and undeveloped agricultural regions in order to reach a sustainable agricultural development through a precise planning. There are different variables and parameters in determining agricultural development. In this investigation using agricultural statistics of Isfahan province in 1382, 95 variables normalized into 24 indicators in three major groups of farmlands and garden exploitations. These variables have been reduced in to few factors through factor analysis. Then using cluster analysis (which is based on the shortest distances and identifying the homogenous groups, the leveling of homogenous township have been identified in four clusters. Finally, using Geographical Information System software (Arc view), the municipalities leveling for spatial analysis of the agricultural development conditions have been done and positions of each Isfahan township in agricultural development have been recognized.