Quarterly Journal of Social Work
Year:2023 | Volume:12 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Introduction: The positive psychology approach suggests that teaching courage is an important skill to prevent psychological harm in the labor children. By promoting self-efficacy and the perception of social support, children can avoid psychological injuries. This study aims to determine the impact of assertiveness training on self-efficacy and social support perception among the labor children in Karaj City. Methods: The research was conducted through an experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The targeted population was working children at the Imam Ali Student-People's Relief Society, located in Malekabad Alam House, Karaj. A sample group of thirty individuals was purposefully selected, with fifteen individuals randomly assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a seven-session assertiveness training package, each session lasting ninety minutes. At the end of the training, both groups were evaluated using self-efficacy and social support perception questionnaires. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using analysis of covariance with SPSS21. Results: After adjusting the pre-test scores, the results showed that the factor between the subjects of the experimental and control groups had a significant effect. This is because the significance level of F obtained for the dependent variable of perceived social support and self-efficacy was fifty-four and eighty-seven hundredths and ninety-five and ninety hundredths, respectively. These results indicate that courage education is effective in increasing the self-efficacy and perception of social support of working children. Conclusions: Assertiveness training is a suitable method to increase self-efficacy and perception of social support in work children. It is suggested that this method be used in childcare centers.

Introduction: Domestic violence against women has legal, moral, and health consequences. It can endanger the well-being of women, families, and society. With the COVID-19 epidemic, more family members are staying at home, resulting in increased contact among them. This study aims to investigate domestic violence against women during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study focused on married women aged thirteen years and above who were living in Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sample size was nine hundred sixty-one. Data was collected online using Mohseni Tabrizi's Domestic Violence Questionnaire. We used SPSS22 and the Wilcoxon statistical test for data analysis. Results: According to the study, there is a significant and positive correlation between domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the dimensions of domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic also have a significant and positive correlation. On average, the score for domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic was nineteen and two-tenths, while before the pandemic it was four and six-tenths. Conclusions: One of the most devastating consequences of quarantine and mandatory family confinement is the increase in cases of domestic violence against women. This type of violence has long been a prevalent issue, and during epidemics, policymakers and social workers must prioritize efforts towards reducing domestic violence and implementing special interventions to protect victims.

Introduction: The failure of marriage and cultural issues surrounding divorce can have a negative impact on the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of women who have gone through a divorce. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of self-efficacy training in improving the life expectancy and future outlook of divorced women. Methods: The study conducted was a semi-experimental research method with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The statistical population considered for the research included all divorced women aged between 20 to 40 years, who were being supported by the relief foundation and living in Yasuj city. A total of forty divorced women were selected randomly and divided into two groups - an intervention group and a control group. Snyder's adult hope scale  and the Zimbardo time perspective inventory were used for data collection during the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group underwent self-efficacy training for eight sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, covariance analysis was used for data analysis. Results: According to the results, there was a notable distinction between the average life expectancy and future outlook scores of both the intervention and control groups. The self-efficacy training proved successful in enhancing the life expectancy and future perspective of the intervention group. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, self-efficacy training can effectively help divorced women increase their life expectancy and future outlook. Therefore, we recommend that officials and planners of the relief foundation provide psychological services, including self-efficacy skills training, to support divorced women.

Introduction:  Marital conflicts and the desire for divorce among women can have destructive consequences for couples, families, and society. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on divorce tendency, intolerance of uncertainty, negative emotions, and emotional assets in women who are considering divorce in Esfahan City. Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental research method, which included a pre-test, post-test, control group, and a two-month follow-up. The research sample was selected using the voluntary sampling method. A total of thirty women who were referred to the Isfahan court in the summer of 1401 were chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling. They were then randomly divided into two groups, with each group consisting of fifteen people. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy during eight 75-minute group sessions based on the Hayes therapy package (2008), while the control group received no intervention. The participants in the study answered several questionnaires, including Roosevelt et al.'s divorce tendency scale (1986), intolerance of uncertainty (Freeston et al., 1994), The positive and negative affect schedule, (Watson et al., 1988), and Golparvar's emotional assets (2016). Results: The results of a variance analysis of repeated measures suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has a significant impact on women who are on the brink of divorce. Specifically, the therapy appears to reduce divorce tendency, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative emotions, while also increasing emotional assets. The statistical significance of these findings was P<0.001. Furthermore, the effects of the treatment remained consistent during the follow-up stage, also with a significance of P<0.001. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can be used to improve psychological variables in women who are on the verge of divorce.

Introduction: Contract therapy is a significant aspect of treatment that establishes a connection of empathy between the therapist and client. It is known to be a major indicator of the effectiveness of psychotherapy and therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the California Therapeutic Alliance Questionnaire (CALPAS) among individuals who were referred to the Tehran Counseling Center. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The statistical population of the study included all individuals who visited the Tehran Counseling Center between 2017-2018. A sample size of two hundred participants was selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Participants completed a demographic checklist and a CALPAS questionnaire. Data was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and divergent validity. Results: The results indicated strong validity P<0.001 and favorable fit of the CALPAS four-dimensional questionnaire. Conclusions: Due to the questionnaire's favorable psychometric properties, it is a suitable tool for individualized contractual therapy.

Introduction: Behavioral problems in children are a common and debilitating issue that is often linked with social problems. These problems can arise from various factors such as biological, environmental, and family factors. The family factors can be long-term parenting or the transfer of child behavioral problems to the next developmental period. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two methods for addressing children's behavioral problems. These methods are positive parenting program education and bibliotherapy with a schema approach. Methods: This study was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study with a control group. The statistical population of this study comprised male students aged seven to ten years in schools located in the second district of Kerman in 1398. Forty-five individuals were selected through The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) using an available sampling method, and then randomly divided into three groups of fifteen individuals each. Two experimental groups received different treatments, including positive parenting group training and bibliotherapy with a schema approach, while one group acted as a control group. The mothers of these children were invited to participate in the study. Positive parenting sessions were conducted in eight sessions of ninety minutes, and bibliotherapy was performed in four sessions of sixty minutes for the mothers of these children. The Aachenbach Children Behavior List (CBCL) was completed by the mothers of all three groups after the treatments. The SPSS20 software and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. Results: After performing the analysis of covariance, it was found that both interventions were effective in treating behavioral problems. However, the positive parenting group training was significantly more effective than the bibliotherapy method. Conclusions: These two methods are effective strategies for developing psychotherapy plans for children with behavioral problems, based on the results of the study.