Community Health Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Paternal death may have a detrimental effect on the psychological determinants including happiness of people particularly adolescents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the positive effects of solution-oriented group teaching on happiness in fatherless female adolescents.Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. All fatherless female students living in Isfahan in 2014-15 were included in this study. In order to select the sample size, 40 students were selected using a convenient and simple sampling method and were then randomly divided into two groups of 20. While the experimental group received the solution-oriented approach as a therapeutic intervention for 8 weekly sessions of ninety-minute, the control group received nothing. Oxford’s happiness questionnaire was used as the research instrument. The collected data were analyzed through ANOVA with repeated measurements via SPSS 19.Results: The results revealed that solution-oriented group teaching had a positive effective on the happiness of fatherless female adolescents at the posttest and follow-up stages (p<0.001); compared to the control group.Conclusion: According to the results of the current study along with other known interventions and also the present standards, solution-oriented teaching method can be employed to increase the fatherless adolescents’ happiness.

Introduction: Mastery learning model is one of the new models of teaching which is considered for clinical competence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mastery learning model on clinical competencies of operating room students.Materials and Methods: In this educational trial study, 60 operating room students who had inclusion criteria were chosen through simple random sampling and were divided into two control and experimental groups. Training for the experimental and control groups was the mastery learning and routine methods respectively during one academic semester. Clinical competency questionnaire was completed by the subjects before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of Chi-square and Paired t test.Results: In the experimental group, the mean scores of clinical competence before- and after intervention were (38.23±2.59) and (46.84±1.91) respectively with a significant difference (p=0.04), while these values had no significant differences in the control group before (38.69±2.54) and after (42.59±2.39) intervention (p=0.3). There were significant differences in the mean of total clinical competency and its dimensions in the two groups (p£0.05), but these two groups did not show any significant differences in termas of the leadership dimension at the beginning and the end of the study (p=0.2).Conclusion: Mastery learning model could possibly enhance operating room students' clinical competence. So, using of this model in the operating room students' education is recommended.

Introduction: Nursing as a stressful job has detrimental effects on health conditions and nurses’ quality of life (QOL). Training courses of life skills could improve and increase the general health conditions and quality of life of the nurses. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these courses on the two aforementioned parameters.Materials and Methods: This experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design was conducted on all nurses working in the Varamin city hospitals in 2015. Overall, 30 nurses were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 70- minute. of training with group life skills method and the control group received nothing Both groups completed the questionnaires of Goldberg & Hillier’s general health (GHQ) and World Health Organization’s life quality (LQQ). Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method.Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the general health and QOL. In other words, group training of life skills significantly enhances the general health (F=149.737) and QOL (F=129.415) of the nurses (p<0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the group training of life skills can be effective in improving the general health conditions and Olaf nurses. So, counselors and therapists could use the group life skill method along with other methods to increase these two health and life parameters.

Introduction: Spiritual health has an important role in reducing mental disorders. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the association between spiritual well-being and the outbreak of suicidal ideation in the students at the faculty of nursing and midwifery in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the population consisted of 314 students at the faculty of nursing and midwifery in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2015, who were selected by census method. Data were gathered using the palutzian & Ellison questionnaire of spiritual well-being and Beck questionnaire. The obtained data were then analyzed using the SPSSversion 20 and parametric statistical tests.Results: Results showed that Spiritual health condition was in the average range and the suicidal thoughts were at moderate to low levels in the nursing and midwifery students respectively. There was a negative correlation between Spiritual health and suicidal thoughts.Conclusion: Considering the fact that spiritual health decreases suicidal thoughts, the issue of spirituality in nursing and midwifery students is of considerable importance. Therefore, promoting the spirituality of the nursing and midwifery students should be planned along with the educational goals.

Introduction: Observing the hygieninc and sanitary rules by beauty salons’ staff has a key roles in the promotion of general health.The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of knowledge, attitude and practice of the female staff working in the Gorgan female beauty salons towards infectious diseases.Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic approach, consisting of all female beauty salons in Gorgan (150 salons). The gathering data tool was a standard questionnaire designed by Honarvar and colleagues.. The collected data were then analyzed using central distribution index, frequency distribution and Pearson correlation analysis.Results: The findings of the study showed that the rate of the knowledge, attitude and practice of the hairdressers about infectious diseases and disinfection process were 83.3, 84.16 and 95.7 percent respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the values of knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice,, and attitude and practice (p<0.01). Beauty salons were found to be convenient places by the hairdressers for tattooing (%84.7) and removal of small skin lesionsc (%88.7).Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the rate of knowledge, attitude and practice of the hairdressers about the infectious diseases was higher than the moderate level.. It seems that taking adequate mandatory and certificate-based training courses may promote the levels of these parameters among beauty salons’ staff.

Introduction: Dyscalculia is the disability to perform the skills related to calculation in consideration to intellectual capacity and educational level that is expected from a normal person. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment on the continuous attention function of students with dyscalculia.Materials and Methods: The design of the present study was semi-experimental with two groups of 10 students from Tabriz city in 2016. The sampling method was simple randomization, in which a group of 10 students with mathematical learning disorder were chosen from five regions of the city with learning disorders and 10 students as a control group who had learning disability but without any therapeutic interventions. The case group received twenty therapeutic sessions of 45-minute. The study instrument contained of computer program of neuropsychological rehabilitation (sound smart) and continuous function test. The data analysis was done using the multivariable covariance analysis.Results: There were significant differences between the mean scores of the pretest and posttest of the experimental and control groups (p<0.001), so that the neuropsychological rehabilitation led to promotion of continuous attention in students with mathematical learning disorders.Discussion: This study indicated that neuropsychological rehabilitation can be used as an effective method for people with mathematical learning disorders.

Introduction: Today, addiction to illegal drugs and also their toxicities and their detrimental psychological, and social outcomes, are among the life-threatening health problems throughout the world. This study was aimed to compare the personality traits (five great factors) and spiritual intelligence in addicted and non-addicted males in Ilam province in 2014.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional and causal-comparative study, 80 drug- addicted males referring to addiction treatment centers in Ilam were compared with 80 healthy individuals who were matched in terms of gender, age, educations and marital status. Data were collected using the NEO Personality characteristics and spiritual intelligence Scale of King and were analyzed using MANOVA.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between personality characteristics and spiritual intelligence in addicted and non-addicted males. While the addicted individuals had higher scores (37.17) in neuroticism dimension (p<0.010), their scores for the parameters of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and spiritual intelligence were lower (p<0.010). No significant differences were found between the two groups for the parameter of empiricist.Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can conclude that personality characteristics and spiritual intelligence can be an influential factor in drug abuse therefore, it is suggested that these variables be considered for treatment of drug-dependent persons.

Introduction: Anxiety-and depression-related disorders are among the most prevalent psychological disorders and increasingly concern in the general population. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of remedial schema on anxiety and depression among clients referring to rehabilitation specialist.Materials and Methods: The current research method is semi-experimental of pre- and post-test type with the control group and statistical community including all female patients referred to rehabilitation specialist. Eighty patients in trial group and 18 patients in control group were selected using entrance criterion through random sampling. Psychiatric evaluation included the clinical interview in accordance with DSM-5, scale of Beck anxiety survey (1988), and second edition of Beck depression survey (2000). Remedial schema was prepared during eight sessions of two-hour (two sessions every week) and no training was applied to the control group. For each of the two groups, pre- and post-test scores, and one-month follow up after training were obtained. The data were analyzed using description statistics and a mixed-design analysis of variance model Results: The obtained results indicated that the schema therapy had a significant anxiety- and depression-relief effects in the trial group compared to the control group (p<0.01). Similar effects were also observed in the follow-up period (p<0.01).Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study,, schema therapy can promote mental health status in patients suffering from physical disorders and may be a part of interventional programs for patients with mood disorders in consulting centers and general hospitals.