Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:9

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are among the most important health priorities in today's world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotion regulation with depression and anxiety: the mediating role of mindfulness.Methods: Design This study was descriptive and correlational study that of all male and female students of Semnan University in Mahdishar city, 350 people were selected by convenience sampling method. All participants were asked to complete Garnefsky cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and five facet mindfulness Baer and colleagues (FFMQ) and Beck Depression and Anxiety Scales.Results: To analyze the data using Pearson correlation, structural equations were used using AMOS software. The results of structural equations showed that a significant direct path from emotional regulation on depression and anxiety, which was reported as 0.53 and 0.63% respectively. Also There is significant indirect pathway from emotional regulation on depression and anxiety through mindfulness with path coefficient 14.0 percent.Conclusion: It can be concluded that emotion regulation is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in the university students while mindfulness skills mediate this relationship. Therefore, the mindfulness training and emotion regulation skills training is recommended for the development and promotion of student Psychological health.

Introduction: Drug craving, generally thought as an uncontrolled desire for using narcotics, can bring about great psychological and physical sufferings such as anorexia, anxiety, insomnia, aggression and depression if not satisfied.Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of medications and motivational interviews on treating addicts’ craving for drugs. The study endeavors to understand the effectiveness of motivational interviews along with pharmacotherapies on drug craving compared with treatments making use of just pharmacotherapy.Methodology: The study population included the Iranian addicts who have taken initiatives to quit their addiction.Available sampling was employed to select 20 individuals who were admitted to drug rehabilitation centers in Karaj.The two drug rehabilitation centers were Pars Arian and Ariana working under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Treatment.Random sampling was employed to choose 10 addicts from each center among all the individuals who were admitted to the center during a time period of one month (10 addicts were place in the group of pharmacotherapy and 10 in the group of pharmacotherapy and motivational interview). Covariance and t-test were used to analyze the data.Results: According to the results, both methods affects the decrease of drug craving. Yet, the combination of motivational interviews with pharmacotherapy proved to be more effective than mere medication.Conclusion: Motivational interviews as a psychological intervention along with medication can play a significant role in decreasing drug craving.

Introduction: Poor sleep quality can result in poor academic performance and damage to students’ physical or mental health. Therefore, this study was performed with the main aim of investigating the relationship between metacognitions and students’ sleep quality.Methods: The study design was descriptive of a correctional type. All the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University constituted the statistical population. The study sample was included 230 male and female students who were picked out using the random cluster sampling method. Sleep quality index and metacognition questionnaire were used for data collection and Spearman's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression for the exploring of relationships between the variables.Results: The results revealed that more than 58% of the students had poor sleep quality scores. The results also indicated that the correlation coefficients of age, gender, education, metacognition total score and some subscales of metacognition with the students’ sleep quality problems were significant. Meanwhile, the academiclevel could predict the students’sleep quality negatively (p<0.05, b=-0.214), and smoking (p<0.05, b =0.132) and negative beliefs toward the danger of thoughts (p<0.01, b =0.244) did it positively.Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs can improve students’ sleep quality through restricting students’ ability in choosing and performing negative cognitive strategies.

Introduction: One of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which according to diagnostic criteria, it includes high symptoms, attention deficit disorder and impulsivity.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy children.Method: This case-control study was conducted in a sample of 70 patients, including 35 cases and 35 controls in the range of 4 to 12 years old. Data was analyzed by SPSS-20 statistical software and descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation), and qualitative analytical objectives of Chi-square and Fisher test and for comparison of mean serum in two groups, T-test was used.Results: The results of the study showed that 64.3% of the children in the study group were female and 35.7% were boys. The mean age of the patients with ADHD was 7.971 ± 1.56 and in the control group was 6.486 ± 1.4years.The results showed that the mean level of vitamin D in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (98.8 ± 26.514), while the mean in healthy children (36361±63636) which there was statistically significant (P ≥ 0.001) between two groups. The average level of vitamin D in ADHD subtypes and ADHD severity was different, but there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference between the mean serum levels in patients with severity and type of hyperactivity.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the level of vitamin D in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is especially mild and severe, with a lower average, and also a low level of vitamin D intake. So, considering maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, child nutrition, parent awareness and the use of vitamin D supplements may be effective in reducing the risk of hyperactivity disorder in children.

Introduction: The present study attempts to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schems and test anxiety among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan.Method: This descriptive research has a correlational method. The population (n=9955) includes all second grade high school student in the city of Gorgan within the school year 2015-2016. The multi- stage cluster sampling was used to select 369 samples. The required data were gathered using the maladaptive schems questioners and the test anxiety questionnaire. Multi- variable regression Pearson correlation method was also used to analyze the data.Results: The results of the current study showed that there is a significant, yet reverse relationship between early maladaptive schems with test anxiety. It was also found maladaptive schemsis significant predictors for test anxiety.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this research Education can implement comprehensive programs to train students to correct early maladaptive schems and reduce test anxiety among students. And thereby increase the efficiency of student activities in education and other areas of their lives.

Introduction: Addiction is a progressive and has physiological and psychological consequences. One of the physical consequences of drug using is pain.Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulnessbased Stress Reduction on reducing pain index in patients under treatment in detoxification phase.Methodology: In a single-site experimental study, a randomized clinical trial with control and pre-test and post-test group of fifty (N=50) males (ages 18-38 with an average age of 26.6) in the detoxification phase were selected among the patients admitted to the camp Residents of Karaj city through randomized sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n=25) and control (n=25) using Excel Office software. The experimental group received 12 sessions (3 sessions per week and 50 minutes each session) of group treatment of mindfulness, and the control group received only routine center treatment. Then, the two groups were evaluated in two stages of pre-test and post-test by McGill's Pain Questionnaire (response rate=91%) in three sensory, emotional and neuropathic levels. Participants received twice-weekly urine tests with a threshold of three hundred ng / ml in order to ensure adherence to avoidance. Data were analyzed by parametric tests of multivariate covariance analysis. Also, qualitative data derived from demographic evaluations were analyzed using Atlas.ti-5.2 qualitative analysis tools.Results: The results showed that the mindfulness treatment had a significant effect on the improvement of sensory pain indices with a confidence interval of 21.32 (16.90-25.74) and neuropathic with a confidence interval of 20.92 (16.20-25.64) (P<0.01), although the effectiveness of the above treatment on the emotional pain component (confidence interval of 17.24-20.74; 24.24) was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study, in line with the research background, show the effectiveness of emerging therapies, including mindfulness, on the modulation of pain indices. The findings, while providing a clear perspective within the framework of psychological therapies, can be significant in the area of addiction and designing effective interventions.

Introduction: Alzheimer is one of the most common diseases in adults with Down syndrome. This disease is associated with several behavioral problems & psychological states.Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the behavioral and psychological symptoms of adults with Down syndrome in two groups of subjects with and without Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: The research method was causal-comparative and the study population was all of adults with Down syndrome who were engaged in full-time or part-time rehabilitative activities at the centers for the disabled and mentally retarded in Tehran. Using the convenient sampling, 35 people without Alzheimer’s disease and 24 people with Alzheimer’s disease were selected and compared. The material was Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities which developed by Shoumitro in 2007. Collected data were analyzed through statistics such as mean, standard deviation and multivariate analyze of variance.Results: the results indicated a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the behavioral and psychological symptoms as well as subscales such as hostility/aggression, destruction of property, noncompliance, impaired social activities, depression and sleep disturbances.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of Alzheimer’s disease in developing or intensifying the behavioral and psychological symptoms in adults with Down syndrome.Therefore, an accurate assessment of Alzheimer's symptoms in adults with Down syndrome is essential in order to facilitate the process of early diagnosis and timely intervention.

Background and aim: Depression is a recurrent disorder with implications for social, economic, physical and psychological aspects. One of these negative consequences is the eating disorders. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between body image and cognitive distortions, with anorexia and bulimia nervosa in patients with depression.Method: This was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of patients with depression who referred to psychiatry and psychology clinics in the city of Ardabil in 1395. In the random sampling stage, 41 patients (26 patients with anorexia and 15 with bulimia nervous) were selected. To gather information using the scale of Ahvaz Eating Disorders, fear of Littleton body image and interpersonal cognitive distortions were used. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. SPSS statistical software was used for this purpose.Results: A significant negative relationship was found between body image and Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa, while a significant positive relationship was found between cognitive distortions (in all its aspects) and Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa. Regression analysis showed that body image and cognitive distortions can predict Anorexia in 36% of the patients with depression, whereas the predictability of Bulimia Nervosa was 40%.Conclusion: These results show when there is a problem with body image and cognitive distortions, this could increase eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia).