Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:22|Papers Count:16

This research analyzes creativity elements (flexibility, fluency, originality and elaboration) and their relation with conflict management among managers of Physical Educating Organization and Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and to present interactive pattern of creativity elements and the method to meet the conflict. Statistical society consisted of managers of Physical Educating Organization (75 people) and Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (85 people) all in advanced and intermediate levels. Measuring instruments include Dr. Abedi's creativity questionnaire / Rabin's conflict management questionnaire and the managers' individual characteristics. The results show that in both organizations, there's a meaningful relation between creativity elements and conflict methods. The K2 Square test shows that most of managers in Physical Educating Organization (68.3 percent) primarily enjoy the avoidance method (non-contrasting) and 29.3 percent of them enjoy the control method (competitive) and 2.4 percent of managers in this organization enjoy the solution-tendency (solve way) (cooperation and compromise) to meet the conflicts inside the organization.

This research assesses the correlation between physical fitness and burnout as well as mental health of faculty members of Military Academics in Iran. This survey had a pool of 323 targets, all male faculty members of military academics in Iran, of whom 75 were randomly selected as respondents. The selection process was based on the number of faculties of such academics. This research is a correlated field work focused on the link between physical fitness and burnout as well as mental health of faculty members. Measurement means included physical best test battery -1994, questionnaires focusing on personnel features. Statistical analysis of the correlation among respondents showed a reverse meaningful link of 0.002 between the 2 variables. As a result a higher physical fitness translated into lower burnout. The statistical results on prediction of variables showed that there is a meaningful linear and reverse correlation between physical fitness and burnout which stands at 0.002. Therefore, one can come up with figures on burnout using the physical fitness index and some of its subgroups such as heart strength and body fat. The surveyed group suffered from mental duress and burnout; however, it was at a satisfactory level when it came to mental health. Emergence of burnout in older age and in holders of Ph.D. and the relatively high average of heart strength and body fat among faculty members prescribe efforts to work out mechanisms to counter this trend. This research also shows a correlation between physical fitness and its subgroups on the one hand, and burnout and mental health on the other is pretty high, as much as that any impact on one would definitely affect the other.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its relationship with physical activity in male students aged between 12 and 17 in Rasht. At first cluster sampling was done randomly and some of the schools were selected by their geographical situation and then some students from different classes were tested. The mean and standard deviation of age, height, weight, percent of body fat, fat weight and lean body mass were 14.52±1.2 (yrs), 161±6.12 (cm), 52.58±14.9 (kg), 16.4±89 (percent),9.8±8 (kg), 43.4±10.5 (kg) respectively. To determine the overweight and obesity prevalence the cut - off, BMI was used and 95% BMI and more was considered as obesity, 85-95% BMI as overweight, 15-85% BMI as optimal body weight and less than 15% BMI as under weight. The subjects also completed Baeck questionnaire of habitual activity. Finally, statistic analysis was applied using Pearson correlation coefficient, and following results was considered: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.9% and 6.5% in male students respectively. Prevalence of optimal body weight and under weight was 52.8% and 29.9% in male students respectively. There was a significant relationship between prevalence of overweight and physical activity (P≤0.05). There was a significant relationship between prevalence of obesity and physical activity (P≤0.05). There was not a significant relationship between BMI and physical activity.

The purpose of this study was the effect of 8 weeks cardiovascular rehabilitation program on decreased blood pressure in men with hypertension. For this reason blood pressure was measured before and after the exercise program. In this research 20 patients with hypertension (up to 140/90 mm / Hg) and (25-65 years old) were investigated. The patients randomly were divided into experimental and control groups. The control group received no intervention from investigator but the experimental group contributed in an 8 week cardiovascular rehabilitation program. Blood pressure was measured before and after the rehabilitation program. In addition, the exercise test was performed by experimental group before the cardiovascular program. The subjects of both groups contributed in health program on the role of sport in blood pressure. The results showed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in experimental group, but this decreasing in control group was not significantly.

The maintenance of static and dynamic posture is dependant on normal function of muscle - bone - joint system (MBJ). In the other hand, the physiological function can be defected due to postural abnormalities. Kyphosis, or excessive curvature of the thoracic spine is one of the most prevalent spinal deformities. It seems that this deformity in addition to a reduction of mechanical efficiency of the body, also has undesirable effects on the respiratory system. The purpose of the study was to investigate the kyphos, is fluctuation and vital capacity following a corrective exercise program. Flexible ruler with reliability of 87% in comparison to X-ray technique measured the subjects, angle of kyphosis (n=364). 15 male students (aged between 16.47 and 1.06yrs) were selected non - randomly to participate in the exercise. Digital spirometer measured the vital capacities of the subjects. Corrective exercise protocol for improving kyphosis was performed during the weeks / 3 sessions per week. The data were analyzed using t-student and the analysis regression. Corrective exercise program has significant effect on reduction of kyphosis's degree and vital capacity (P≤0.05). There was a significant relationship in pre - tests and post-tests between angle of kyphosis and vital capacity of the subjects (P≤0.05).Also, the results of the regression showed the relationship between degree of kyphosis and the vital capacity. The findings not only indicated the prevalence of kyphosis among students, it also emphasized the reliability and significance of applying feasible, accurate, available, and non - invasive methods of corrective exercise on improvement of postural deformities.

The purpose of this research was to determine the rate of changing physical fitness in young boys and children participated in a special football class. The young boys registered in a football class in physical education faculty during summer were used as subjects in this study. The subjects participated in training class three times a week for three weeks. The selected football training contained warm up, stretching and calisthenics exercise, techniques and tactics. Seven physical fitness tests carried out in this study included: Shuttle test, Sit-up test, Standing broad jump test, Flexed arm hang test, Short dash test, Sit and reach test and endurance test. The following results were drawn. The selected football training had a significant effect on agility, endurance of abdominal muscles and flexibility in 7-11 year old group. The descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the significant effects and the difference among fitness factors in each group during the three weeks (P≤0.05).

The aim of this research was to consider the stress of athletic and non-athletic employees carried out among the employees of Tehran University central office. With regard to the significance of stress issue in workforce, researchers of this investigation have decided to carry out the first experiment for a comparison between athletic and non-athletic individuals. For this purpose, researchers have evaluated the degree of stress among them in a 139 - individual sample, by giving out questions, at the level of central office consisted of five fold assistance offices. By the approval of this theory that there is a meaningful difference between these two groups and by means of an appropriate schedule towards encouraging employees to exercise, it can be concluded that with regard to its role in spiritual, mental and physical health as well as improvement in the effectiveness and required freshness for optimum productivity, a vivid outlook can be drawn.  

The purpose of this study was to expose body to oxygen deficit via interval hypoxic training to assess blood factors. In interval hypoxic training, subjects controlled their respires in specific steps. For intensity exert, exercises began from three steps and finished with six steps (for example, step 1, 2, 3 inspiration - step 4, 5, 6 inspire retention and step 7, 8, 9 expiration). Before and after the exercises, hemogolobin, hematocrite reticolucite and red blood cells measured. Subjects were physical education students (n=30, age=18œ2) divided in to three groups. Experimental group performed interval running and another experimental group performed interval hypoxic training and the control group didn't physical activity. The results indicated that effect of interval running on hemogolobin, reticulocite and red blood cells was not significant but in hematocrite was. So, effect of interval hypoxic running on four factors was significant. ANOVA indicated that there is a significant different between three groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MHPERD sit-up and cadence curl-up tests to assess abdominal endurance. In this research, 32 male physical education students participated. All subjects performed AAHPERD sit-up and cadence curl-up tests to assess the endurance of their abdominal muscles. Data were analyzed by regression pattern and t-test (P<0.05). The findings indicated a significant correlation between AA HPERD sit-up and cadence curl-up tests (r=0.65, P<0.001) no significant difference between means. It seems that cadence curl-up test is relatively exchangeable with sit-up test to strengthen/assess endurance of abdominal muscles.

The aim of this research is to study the traditional Iranian sport (Zurkhaneh). Researcher has tried to study the origin, formation and development of this political and sociological event in Iran. In past, the human had to be strong to carry out his / her daily life duties. Training of the body and development of physical fitness copied from the Mother Nature has directed her / him to exercise and gradually this exercise was organized and became a sport. Sport in most ancient countries such as Egypt, Iran, Greece, China, etc. was popular. In past, Iran had some religious beliefs (Avesta's book), illness was related to Ahriman (Satan) and by him illness could be imposed to human body. Therefore, it was Iranian's duties to fight against this Ahriman (illness). On the other hand, all Iranian families had responsibility to teach their children an exercise / sport. A review of literature in Iran shows a lot of information on this matter before and after Islam era. The kings and public champions used to make up some kind of relation between them and the national and ancient heroes. So, they could convince the public that their power and position is confirmed by the national heroes. Evolution in Zurkhaneh (from political and socilogical point of view) has two theories: 1. first theory believe that Zurkhaneh has a very long history as long as Iranian nation and Iran. 2. Second theory believes that the history of Zurkhaneh in Iran is not more than 300 years.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the job satisfaction in physical education teachers in Ahvaz based on Herzberg theory. Research method is based on descriptive analysis. The instrument used was a questionnaire modified from Herzberg theory. The validity and reliability of the instrument for this population was established using cronbach and Job Descriptive index (JDI) scales. Statistical population consisted of all male and female P.E teachers in Ahvaz. 144 subjects participated in this study. Relationship of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction variables with motivator factors mentioned by Herzberg such as advancement, possibility of growth, achievement, work itself, recognition and responsibility were studied. Also, relationship of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction variables with hygiene factors such as salary, working condition, policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relations and job security of these samples were studied. In addition, the relationship of motivator - hygiene factors with individual characteristics such as age, gender, academic degree, years of job were studied. To analyze the data, valid descriptive and inferential statistic at a=0.05 was used. The findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction with all motivator -hygiene factors. There were significant differences between job dissatisfaction and different work areas. There were also significant differences between male and female with motivator - hygiene factors. There was also a significant relationship between motivator - hygiene factors and gender with job satisfaction. Also, motivator and hygiene factors, academic years, age, academic background had significant effect on job - dissatisfaction. The overall findings revealed that there are a significant relationship between motivator and hygiene factors and gender with job satisfaction. Also, motivator and hygiene factors, academic years, age, academic background had significant effect on job-dissatisfaction. The overall findings revealed that there are a significant relationship between motivator and hygiene factors and job satisfaction.