Year:2007 | Volume:- | Issue:33|Papers Count:16

The aim of the present study was defining the relation among anthropometric. bioenergetic and biomotor characteristics in Iranian elite fencer's success. The sample of the study was 20 elite fencers of national team with age average a 20.7±4.59. From anthropometric characteristics: length, weight, sitting length, arm span, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent. From bioenergetics characteristics: aerobic power (Vo2max), lactic, anaerobic power and alactic anaerobic power.From biomotor characteristics; muscular endurance, flexibility, agility, reaction time, speed and maximum power were measured. The analysis of data showed that from anthropometric characteristics: length, and BmI, from bioenergetic, aerobic power and from biomotor, characteristics: toe power and flexibility had meaning relation with success. So, in selecting talented fencers and also in designing practice programs to achieve performance of sports it is possible to use these characteristics, as evaluation standards.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of psychosocial stressors on mental health in athlete and non-athlete students. 77 athletes and 228 non-athletes were selected by staged random sampling. The student stressors questionnaire (SSQ) and symptom checklist -25 (SCI-25) were used to test the proposed hypotheses. The reliability and validity of these two instruments were confirmed. Testing the proposed hypotheses at p<0.05 showed the following results: there is a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes in their responses to the stressors. Significant differences were seen between athletes and non-athletes in their responses to academic setting, graduation and living in dormitory. No significant difference was reported between athletes and non-athletes in their mental health. There was a positive and significant relationship between athletes' stressors and their mental health.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of body weight classes in female students and its relationship to flat foot and Jenu valgus. Population was (n=41511) female students (11-17 old) from high schools in Rasht city. We selected 454 students (14±2yrs) randomly and determined their body weight classes with BMI cut off (underweight < 15th, ideal weight = 15-85th, overweight > 85th and obesity >95th). Also, flat foot and Jenu valgus were evaluated with foot print - technique and caliper. Data were analyzed with X2 test and our result were:There was a significant relationship between overweight and obesity to Jenu valgus (P£0.05), and overweight and flat foot (P<0.05). Also, we found a significant relationship between flat foot and Jenu valgus (P<0.05). Therefore, we can conclude that overweight can cause abnormalities of lower extremities in children and adolescents, and that flat foot or Jenu Valgus can cause or exaggerate each other.

This study was done with the aim of the assessment of the relationship and comparison of feeling of loneliness and locus of control among athlete and non - athlete male students of Kermanshah Razi University. 60 athlete male students participating in university team exercises and 60 non - athlete male students with age - wise extent were considered as the subjects. Feeling of loneliness and locus of control were measured by UCLA and Levenson questionnaires. After gathering the data, person correlation coefficient was used for inspecting the relationship of variables in two groups and for comparing variables, the independent - sample t Test was applied. The assessment of relationship among the variables showed no meaningful relationship between the feeling of loneliness and locus of control (internal and external with tendency to powerful others) in two groups Also there was no meaningful relationship between feeling of loneliness and external locus of control (tendency to change) in the athlete males. There was a meaningful relationship between feeling of loneliness and external locus of control (tendency to change) in non - athlete males. Comparing the variables among the subjects showed that there is a meaningful difference between feeling of loneliness and internal locus of control in two groups and there was no meaningful difference between two groups In external locus of control with regard to the meaningful relationship between feeling of loneliness and external locus of control (tendency to change) in non - athlete males, we can claim that non - athletes individuals with external locus of control, with this belief that they have less control on the events of life, experience the feeling of loneliness more than others. The meaningful difference in feeling of loneliness between athlete and non - athlete males confirm the useful psycho – social effects of physical activities and the meaningful difference between internal locus of control in two groups shows that the athletes have more control on their own lives and consider themselves responsible for their success and failures.

The purpose of this study was to consider the prevalence of musculo – skeletal injuries in rock climbing and to determine some individual - performance factors such as maximum grade of climbing, skillful hand and common type of climbing on existence and circumstance of the injuries. From February to September 2005 previous or present injuries among 50 young climbers via clinical examination were assessed in fingers, palms, wrists, forearms, elbows, arms and shoulder girdles. After data gathering and statistical analysis, we found these results about the amount of musculo - skeletal injuries prevalence. About half of injuries were in fingers and others approximately were divided equally among elbows, forearm and shoulder girdles. Most injury prevalence consist of collateral ligament strain of PIP joint, FDS and FDP muscle strain, rotator Cuff muscles strain and A2 annular pulley strain.Injury prevalence rate on the base of appearing in finger orderly consists of ring, long, index and small finger. In subsequent process, inferential statistics results show that among mentioned factors, there was a significant difference in the mean of climbing maximum grade between climber group that sustains injuries and the one without injuries. (t=4.72, p=0.001). In the same way, there was a significant positive correlation between maximum grade of climbing and intensity of A2 annular pulley injuries. (r=72.5, P=0.042).

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationships between anthropometrical parameters (skinfold, girths, lengths, and breadth / lengths), somatotype components, motor abilities and physical activity in 12-15 year old children. The subjects of this study were 277 pupils, aged 12-15 years, divided into groups, two years apart. Their body height, weight, BMI, 9 skinfold, 13 girths, 8 lengths, and 8 breadth / lengths were measured. Somatotype components (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph) were estimated according to Carter and Heath (1990). The following Eurofit tests were used: 20m endurance shuttle - run, handgrip strength, standing broad jump, flexed arm hang, sit - up, 10 x 5 m shuttle - run, plate tapping, sit and reach and Flamingo balance. Physical activity was assessed using the questionnaire of Telama et al (1996). The relationships between anthropometry and Eurofit tests results were moderate in some weight - bearing tests, the relationships were significant. The subjects physical did not depend on the anthropometrical parameters. Endurance shuttle - run tests results in all age and sex groups correlated significantly with physical activity.

The purpose of the present study was to consider selective fundamental motor skills (standing long jump and hopping) of seven-year-old males and females in Urmia. The participants were 102 males and 102 female children in the first grade of elementary schools. Data were collected by tape-recording fundamental motor skills from three angles: Font, back and side. General characteristics of the skills were considered by dark and Philips method (1985) for standing long jump and Halverson and Williams (J985) method for hopping. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the results were: 1n jumping skill no considerable difference was observed between two groups. But in hopping skill the females were really better than males.

The study was conducted to examine the relationship between organizational structure and the creativity of staff managers of Physical Education Organization.The study community consists of staff managers of Physical Education Organization; hence, 42 managers participated in this research. For collecting research data, we used Hamidi Organizational Structure Questionnaire derived .from Rabin's and Randsip's Standardized Creativity Questionnaire reviewed by experts. After collecting data, pearson and Sperman correlation tests were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational structure and the creativity of staff managers, but no significant relationship between complexity and creativity of staff managers and there is a significant relationship between formalization and centralization, and creativity of staff managers. Finally there is a significant relationship between the levels of education and the creativity of staff managers.Based on the results, it can be said that factors important related with decrease creativity of staff managers are focus on decision making in turn of cooperation in that un agreed with between job with educational field and levels of' education. Some applied suggestions are provided for managers of Physical Education organization.

The primary objective of this study was to compare the effect of two types of neoprene knee sleeves (soft or support and rigid or stabilizer) on knee joint position sense after A.CL Reconstruction (BPTB method). .Joint position sense was assessed by electro - goniometry using active joint angle replication test during open kinetic chain in sitting position. The 30o, 45o and 60o knee flexion was used as target angles. Eleven man (with average age 30.8±4.6 years and weight 75±9kg) performing unilateral A.CL reconstruction were tested before wearing neoprene knee sleeve alia 30 minuets with neoprene knee sleeves, and finally after removal of the knee sleeve. These tests were performed in separate occasions within 24 hours with soft neoprene knee sleeves (support), with rigid neoprene knee sleeves (stabilizer) and without neoprene knee sleeves (control test). The absolute difference between the target and reproduced angles, over the jive attempts (average absolute difference (AAD)) was calculated. The results showed that rigid neoprene knee sleeves (stabilizer) significantly improved knee joint position sense on 300 of knee flexion in involved limb during the entire interval of use (p<0.05). This improvement in knee joint position sense was not seen when the rigid neoprene knee sleeves (stabilizer) were removed.

The aim of this study was to compare hardiness, sociotropy and autonomy in team and individual sports and to investigate the impact of these personality characteristics on sport achievement. 134 athletes (92 team, 42 individual, 88 males and 46 females) from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, the university of Tehran and several sport clubs participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete the hardiness scale (HS) and the sociotropy - autonomy scale (SAS). The athletes' coaches were asked to rate the sport achievement scale (SAS) in order to measure athletes' sport achievement. The results revealed that team and individual sport athletes scored significantly higher in sociotropy and autonomy, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in hardiness. The team athletes' sport achievement could he significantly predicted by hardiness and sociotropy, while the individual athletes' sport achievement by hardiness and autonomy.

This research studies the different attitudes and needs of secondary school students toward physical education course held in Malaya city during 1383-84. 385 students (192 girls and 193 boys) were chosen by classical - systematic random sampling. In order to collect the data, a researcher - made questionnaire and a face validity questionnaire were used after confirmation of faculty members. During a preliminary study, the reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were calculated following the internal consistency evaluation of questions using Cronbach Alpha (attitude assessment 0.7 and need assessment 0.8). In order to analyze the data, In addition to descriptive statistics indexes, Mann- whitney statistical test was used and the analysis of the data was performed using SPSS program. The results indicate that the attitudes of students toward sportive possibilities and equipment in schools, the curriculums, teaching methods and evaluation methods are at good level (56% totally). Also, the results showed that for students' needs for sportive possibilities and equipment, the curriculums are at high level (56% totally). Furthermore, the comparison between girls' attitudes and boys' attitudes toward sportive possibilities and equipment and toward evaluation method of physical education courses doesn't show a significant difference. But the girls' attitudes toward curriculums, instructional materials and teaching methods are generally more positive than that of, the boys (p<0.05). The comparison sportive possibilities and equipment, curriculums, instructional materials indicated that there is no significant difference between students of state and private schools in terms of needs attitudes.

Nowadays public sports, due to their role to create a healthy society, are the centre of attention for experts of development affair and institutionalization in the society has a special status in development plans in different countries. The subject of this - article is to explain the status of mass media in institutionalizing the public sports.The basic purpose of this study is the role of mass media as a dominant source of social realities and the most significant attribute of an institutionalized action. A questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified to survey the attitudes of Tehran people about the role of mass media in institutionalizing the public sports in the society was used. Research results indicate the meaningful impact of mass media in institutionalizing the public sports with the rate of 37%. In other words, 37% of variations in institutionalizing the public sports are relevant to mass media and the rest of 63% to others.