Year:2007 | Volume:- | Issue:31|Papers Count:17

The main purpose of the present study is a comparison of the effects of two kinds of resistance exercise on the maximum strength of the quadriceps and pectoralis major muscles. The subjects of the study were 45 non-athlete, university male students (mean age: 18.5±0.64, 70±10 Kg, 173±5.7 cm) voluntreered to be tested.They were divided into three equal groups of 15 randomly. The name given to them were: a) Mac- Cloys, b) Delorme-Watkinz and c) Control group.Training groups (a) and (b) performed their specific training program for four days a week for 6 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that maximum strength remarkably increased in training groups (a) and (b). Mac-Cloy group was even more than Delorme-Watkinz group (P<0.05). But there were significant differences between training methods and increment of maximum strength in pectoralis major muscle. The testing of other hypotheses indicated that there are no significant differences among the different groups of the study.

Research was done on the structure and function of the heart in disabled athletes and non-athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a selected aerobic program on 48 disabled participants with spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The athletes were selected from those involved in athletics (field events) at provincial and national levels. Nonathletes were selected from the disabled of Kahrizak sanitarium. Four equal groups were formed, two experimental groups including athletes and non-athletes, plus two control groups of athletes and non-athletes. The experimental groups performed aerobic exercise for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The Control groups did not perform any special exercise. Echo-cardiography and Spectral Doppler were applied to study the structure and function of heart of the test groups before and after the exercises. At the end of the exercise program, no significant statistical changes were observed (P>0.05).

The objective of this research was to describe the status of instructional program, faculty, facilites and equipment and budget of physical education general curriculum at Azad Islamic Universities of Iran. Descriptive research Sample included method was applied in this study.education departments, 15 directors of physical 121 faculties and instructors of physical education and 2524 students (1335 girls and 1189 boys).Researcher-made questionnaires were used for collecting data. The questionnaires included open and close ended questions. The findings: 1. There was a significant difference among viewpoints of directors, faculties, instructors and students on the importance of physical education foundation courses. 2. There was a significant difference among viewpoints of directors, faculties, instructors and students on reaching the objectives of the courses.3. There was a significant difference among viewpoints of directors, faculties, instructors and students on allocating 2 hours a week for these courses.

The aim of this research is the effects of two methods of alternative and continuative exercise on changing leptin of non-athlete students of Tehran university. 45 non-athlete students (between 19 and 24 years old and weight 67.5±8.06 kg and height 173.8±7.23cm) were selected randomly and divided in to three groups of 15, per counter of alternative and continuative. Before the exercise, blood test was carried out and the level of leptin was measured. The exercise was performed for 16 weeks, 3 sessions a week. Results are as follows: a) Continuative exercises had no effect on leptin serum (P=0.46); b) Alternation exercise had a meaningful effect on changing of leptin serum (p=0.01).

Present study determines school heads’ influence on sport development and generalization in educational centres of East Azarbaijan proince. We selected randomly 361 subjects from all school heads and teachers of East Azarbaijan province (5 regions and 5 districts). Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by correlation methods. Our results indicated that correlation between heads’ role (leadership style, decision making, coordination, authority, conduct and leadership, planning, organization, supervision and control, scientific and practical information) and sport development and generalization in elementary and high schools was positive and significant and only in heads' authority regarding meaninglessness, correlation was not observed. Therefore, school heads can efficiently develop sport development and generalization.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of an 8-weeks aerobic exercise on blood lipoproteins / colestrol, triglicrid, VLDLc, HDL-c, LDL-c, RF. 30 healthy nonathlete middle-aged women of Ahvaze were selected randomly. They were divided into 2 groups: 15 exercise and 15 control group. Before the training, pre - tests were conducted for both groups. Then the training group performed aerobic exercises with the intensity of 60-70% HRmax5 for 8 weeks, 3 sessions, each session an hour. During this period, the control group did not have any special physical activity and 2 groups were asked to continue their daily diets. After the 8 weeks, the 2 groups had their post-tests. The findings were analyzed. Descriptive survey and t-test (independent) were used at (α=0.05 level). The result of the present study suggests that middle- aged can reduce their cardiovascular risk factors performing endurance physical activity.

Depression is a mental disorder, which is the feeling of hopelessness, anger, annoyance, lack of confidence and pessimism. To treat depression, various methods are used. Sport specialists have shown that physical activities have a positive effect on treating depression, especially aerobic exercises as a suitable treating method, which is cheap, and with no side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week period of aerobic exercise on the level of Khoramabad. For this purpose, 2454 students completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires and their average in the first semester was recorded. After analyzing the questionnaire among 570 cases, which showed high degrees of depression and were in a low level of education, 60 students were randomly selected and divided into two grops of experimental (N=30) and control (N=30).

To analyze the effect of regular physical activities on the back pain of pregnants, a guasi - experimental and field method were used of all pregnants referring to the prenatal clinics of Qom province, 40 women (20 in the 2nd and also another 20 in the 3rd trimester) were selected and divided to test and control groups. At the beginning and at the end of the program, all participants completed the Quebec back pain questionnaire, while a special training program with a heart rate of 50-65% of maximal was applied for a period of 2 months for the test group.Analysis showed a significant reduction of back pain in test group of pregnants in the 2nd trimester (P<0.05).

The aim of this study was to of detraining on examine the effect of 12 days aerobic, anaerobic and performance of Iran elite male swimmers. All the national swimmers (15 swimmers) were the subjects of this study. All the subject participated in pre and post test respectively before and after the period of To assess the aerobic capacity, we detraining.used the swimming speed at 4 mmol/l lacate (V4) determined by a 400-m freestyle submaximal 1 speed test followed by 15 min active rest and a 100- m all out swim. The highest lactate value after the 100-m all out swim was considered as the measure of anaerobic capacity and the time of this event as The results showed that the performance ability. there were no significant differences in the aerobic and anaerobic capacities and performance of swimmers after 12 days of detraining.

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's play preference in kindergartens in Rasht. For this purpose, 65 centers out of 93 were selected randomly. Three types of questionnaires were designed for principals, instructors and children with reliability coefficients of 0.86, 0.81 and 0.78 respectively. 67 principals and 64 instructors completed the questionnaires and 162 children were interviewed too. The statistical data were analyzed by chi2-test in level of p £0.05. The results indicated that a significant difference existed among the principals’, instructors', and children's viewpoints, regarding the degree of children's play preference and their social participation. The similar statements of principals, and instructors regarding the children's play preference and discrepancy with children's statements was very significant. The 71% preference of the children for sitting type of plays compared to moveable type was significant too.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise in two different motivational environments (low and high) on learning a perceptual motor task (basketball penalty shoot). Subjects were 37 healthy physical education male students (mean age 21.78 years) that were divided into two groups randomly. Group A (n=19) exercised in an enviroment with high arousal and motivational items while group B (n=18) exercised in an environment with low arousal and motivational items. They exercised for 6 weeks; 3 sessions per week with 15 trails in each session. Immediately at the end of the exercise course, acquistion test was carried out and after 10 days retention test was done. Fifteen trail baskeball penalty shoots were used as the research tool. To analyze data, repeated measure ANOVA, paried T test and independent T test were used. Results : no significant difference was found between the two groups in acquisition and learning the task. It was also shown that both groups improved their performance significantly.

A large number of team games require producing maximal or nearing maximal sprint of short duration with brief recovery periods. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a repeated - sprint ability (RSA) and aerobic power in Female basketball players. Hence, 30 basketball players were selected randomly. The average age, height, weight and BF% of the subjects were 20 years, 167.8cm, 60.07kg, and 22.5% respectively. VO2max was measured by Bruce protocol on treadmill through gas analyzer (cosmed K4b2, Italy). The RSA test included 12 × 20 m sprint departing every 20s. The pearson coefficient correlation and SPSS12 soft ware was used for analyzing data. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between aerobic power and RSA in female basketball players (r = 0.59, p= 0.001).

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of awareness of doctors and students of medical sciences about doping and consumption of ergogenic substances in sports. In this descriptive research, 180 questionnaires by available and purposed sampling were distributed among all doctors and students of medical sciences at Lorestan university out of which 168 were returned. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS soft ware. The results indicated that the average awareness of 26 drugs and 12 supplements under study was 8.2 and 6.5 respectively. Moreover, the average awareness of doping was 6.7 out of 7, 14.85 out of 26 for side effects of drugs and supplements, 14.47 out of 26 for their legality and 13.5 out of 26 for the ergogenic effects of these drugs in sports. The average score for the overall awareness of every subject was 78.05 out of 162, the difference of which for different educational levels was significant (a=0.01).