APPLIED RHETORIC AND RHETORICAL CRITIQUE
Year:2016 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

The aim of this study is decoding the symbols used in the childish poems of Jafar Ebrahimi; to achieve the goal of research, the required information has studied after visiting the sources of information related to the subject, exploring different documents and taking notes by using descriptive-analytical method. The symbol is one of the artistic imagery that reflects the mental images and mentions layers beyond the literal meaning of the word or phrase. The literary technique used in poetry for children less because of companion with the mental association and images that are hard to understand; however, Ebrahimi’s poems are full of symbols that not only make no problem to understand meaning, also answer the child's emotional needs and lead inner conflicts to unity. There are two kinds of symbols in Ebrahimi’s poetry: literary symbol and psychological symbol. Psychological symbol is a reflection of the child's emotional behavior in the poem and it has physiological role in children; this kind of symbol often influences on children unconsciously. literary symbol are the symbols that poet uses them due to the dynamics and interpretable of poetry till examine power of evokes the child's mind and cause to search his mind.

Babafaghani and Vahshibafghi are two Iranian stylistic poets who have played significant roles in the history of Persian lyrics; hence, for thorough analysis of their lyrics, the present descriptive- analytic article has a look at the most brilliant musical manifestations of poetry- rhyme, arud, and radif- in the odes of these two great poets. It must be noted that in terms of external music, the poets have a lot in common enjoying close taste and interest in choosing meters and rhythms. All selected weights of these poets are among the most eloquently melodic and usable weights in Persian poetry, in a way that even a disagreeable and low use of weights is not seen in their ghazal collections. The key point is that the selected weights of both poets have a close proximity with the concepts raised in the poems. The important point is that the meter of both poets is closely linked with the concepts and themes raised in their poems. Yet, from the lateral music point of view, it should be reminded that in Vahshibafghi, the highly frequent vowels are more melodious, whereas Babafaghani 's radifs with their lengthy combinations are musically more valuable.

Kelile and Demne consists of some narrations its heroes are animals having human role and characteristics. This property of Kelile and Demne is a good ground to study and analyze points of its narration from the point of view of narratology. On this basis, this research using Linvelt’s narratology studies lion, fox and donkey narration of Kelile and Demne simplified by Agita Mohammadzade, showing that stories of Kelile and Demne which abstract narrator to suggest specific message t child addressees is meaningful discourse in which a certain narrative program forms and generally aims to account for, what is abstract narrator function in reproduction of these theories and how meaning is produced? Results show that abstract narrator by stratifying text a kind of liquidity and dynamism are created in the text which suggests ideology and making close or far the abstract addressee to social, cultural and ethical beliefs.

The concept of process, including constant and variable evenly and so is more generally from two concepts of form and structure that included only constants. to date, the process analysis is a hypothesis, because it is used in science and industry, however, still does not have a comprehensive approach. However, the concept of process is Consistent with the reality of the phenomena of the world and more applications for Knowledge of these phenomena that have the two sides have fixed and variable. The article present introduces the method of process analysis and then classification the figures of poetry based on that. This article, therefore, subsumes the Poetic figures In ten major categories: lingual, logic, Imaginary, parapsychological, Industrial, arithmetic, symmetry, commitment, acoustic, visual, sensibility, information, rhythmic, rhyme scheme, formatic, stylistic, musical, intertextuality and generic.

As the novelty and importance of the link between objects and phenomena in the image is important, as the structure is also important to express these connections. The purpose of this paper is to examine the types of structures that contemporary poets have used to show imaging connections. The purpose of this study is the poet of grammatical issues in a way that uses the arts to promote its image. And change the type or grammatical function of the word, it will cause loss of picture or artistic values. In addition to the additions in contemporary poetry common structure similarity of grammatical categories such as exchange, enlightening (audit), adjectives, and adverbs also been used to provide image. The grammatical structures are located in the center of visualization and some of them recently and the importance of greatly depends on the structure provided.

Sa'di's Golestan is unique and pleasing example of Persian prose and almost all researchers have spoken Saadi initiative of writing and the impact of Golestan style on Persian prose and simplicity and brevity to believe that the most important reasons for the success of Saadi in Golestan writing.To search for text language,used of Holliday functional linguistic theory andUse of some of the most important findings narratologists of the story and its elementsThis text has been examined techniques of creating artistic miracle in Sa'di's Golestan in two levels of language and narrative construction.The results show that text coherence is the most important means of creating succinct narrative language such as the removal and replacement, referral and use of conjunctions and their relationship with the sentencesAlso, the structure of Golestan stories show that the most important methods of summary text at the level of narrative structure are short dialogues, narrative compactness and the relationship between the two parts of the Story structure.

One of the best features in introducing the background of the culture of different nations and their originality is their manuscripts. Manuscripts are part of cultural heritage and literary, historical and cultural certificate of a nation. So introducing and correcting them is considered to be honoring their national identity. Perhaps Iran is a country that has the most exquisite and valuable manuscripts. One of these manuscripts is the “Asas al-Fazl” in Belaghat by “Mahmoud bin Mohammed bin Ahmed Ghandazi” the Persian scholar of ninth Hegira century that despite its simple beginning and ending and unknowness of the author and work it is worth to pay attention on this manuscript. This manuscript is written in Persian and is about rhetoric techniques and disadvantages of speech, along with many examples of verses in Persian and Arabic that two copies of this manuscript are available in the Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and in the library of Astan Quds Razavi. This research for the first time aims to introduce this manuscript and compare its content with other Belaghi works. To achieve this purpose, after an introduction about Ghandazi, “Asas al-Fazl” version and its features, along with the examples, imagery and divisions ofGhandazi about its four pillars were reviewed and compared with the contemporary and past decades Belaghat writers and their similarities and differences were identified. The results of present study which conducted in documentary-analytical method indicated that “Asas al-Fazl” is one of the valuable works of the ninth century in a simple prose that author in the expression of materials had the same approach as Sakkaki (ancient author) and Javaher al-Blaghah Ahmad Hashemi (contemporary author) and the poet himself was very talented in composing poems.

Metaphor in the Conceptual sense, unlike metaphor in rhetoric, hasn’t aesthetics role, but essential mechanism of thought and language that linguistic representations review author's metaphorical worldviews. This article shows that The conceptual metaphor help to achieve Rodaki’s metaphorical worldviews base on ten models: travel, agriculture, war, court, weaving, building, fire, mall, writing and family, along with related to rhetorical similes and metaphors. This study contains some important results: 1. metaphor concept as part of inevitable language, play a role in conceptualize in the first Persian poetry; 2. This conceptual metaphor in Rodaki's poem, so that the focus of any metaphorical mapping Rodaki in mind, has created several homogeneous metaphor; 3. Conceptual metaphor more frequent in Rodaki's poem originate his own life experiences such as travel, court ; 4.Two conceptual and rhetorical metaphors together has links with a useful metaphor patterns; 5. More general metaphor is the rhetorical use of language is less and vice versa; 6. Each of the ten groups in specific areas such as: political, economic, social and cultural areas, specially metaphor of the journey; 7. Rodaki’s metaphorical worldviews and use of worldview in his rhetorical similes and metaphors, are efficient tool for recognition of Rodaki's original poems.