Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:137 |Papers Count:6

Background and Objective: In recent years, excessive use of digital devices had dramatically increased in young people and this extreme exposure has inappropriate physical, cognitive, emotional, social and psychological consequences, such as the disruption in the parent-child interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional diet intervention on enriching parent-child interactions and reducing parental stress in mothers of young children excessively exposed to digital devices. Materials and Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-post and follow-up test without control groups. In this study, 12 young children exposed to digital devices, which referred to the Ava autism center were selected as the sample group and participate in emotional diet intervention for 2 months. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, a short form of parent-child interaction scale (1994) and a short form of parental stress scale (1990) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS25. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that participating in emotional diet intervention decreases children exposure to digital devices, increases closeness and reduces the conflicts in parent-child interactions, reduces parental stress and distress, and parent-child dysfunctional interaction. The effect size of the intervention for digital devices exposure was large and for components of parental stress and the parent-child proximity-conflict was medium. Also, the efficacy was permanent after two months of completion of the intervention. Conclusion: According to our results, training parents to the emotional enrichment of their interaction with the child who exposed to Digital Nanning was associated with reduced exposure to digital devices, improvement in parentchild interaction and reducing parental stress. Therefore, this method can be used to enrich the lifestyle of young children who were excessively exposed to digital devices.

Background and Objective: Lifestyle changes have reduced the physical and mental health of humans and increased burden and cost of treatment and subsequently created a problem for governments to provide treatment for their citizens. Therefore, we conducted this experimental study for examining the effect of hygiene education on the treatment costs for health insured patients with high cost (50 to 70 percentile). Materials and Methods: This empirical study was conducted on two groups with the aim of examining hygiene education on health care insurance costs in Tehran, Iran in 2017. In this study, the intervention group received face-to-face and virtual hygiene education according to traditional Iranian medicine based on the health belief model. The control group did not receive any special training during the study period. Results: This study was conducted on 101 health insurers, including 50 men and 51 women in intervention and control groups. The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. The results showed significantly lower laboratory (-26. 72%,-2. 38%, P <0. 001), drug (-23. 64%, 3. 88%, P <0. 001), radiology (-27. 92%,-5. 02%, P < 0. 001), visit (-30. 52%,-16. 16%, P <0. 001) and total costs (-36. 52%,-1. 16%, P <0. 001) for intervention group as compared with control group. Conclusion: Results of the current study show that health education could be recommended as a proper way to control the cost of treatment.

Background and Objective: The measure of motion playing a role in the growth of visual perception components and particularly visual perception depending on the motion components has not been known. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of visual and visual-motor training programs related to the motion of the components of visual perception in children with lazy eye. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 30 amblyopic children who were identified through the Department of Social Welfare were selected as sample. Thereafter, based on the pre-test scores in the component of the visual perception dependent on motion, the participants were divided into three equal groups and randomly assigned to three experimental groups, first (orthotics), second (visual-motor exercises), and third (control). Triables in the experimental groups perform exercise for three weeks, four days a week, 30 minutes per session. Afterwards, triables of each three groups under the same conditions participated in the post-test. Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test showed that a significant statistical difference between the experimental and control groups exists in components of depth perception, dynamic visual acuity and chase of vision. But, there was no difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: In general, according to results of the present study, it can be concluded that the pre-designed visual exercises (active, passive) improved components of depth perception, dynamic visual acuity and chase of vision.

Background and Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved exclusive breast-feeding during the first six months of childhood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, health literacy and other affective factors in primiparous women using logistic regression model. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic study. The population of this study consisted of primiparous women on reproductive age visiting health centers in Tehran, with a child aged two years to five. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview with mothers and analyzed using logistic regression model. Results: Exclusive breast-feeding was reported in 50. 5% of mothers. There was a statistically significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and variables health literacy level in adequate level (p<0. 001) and not much enough level (p<0. 05), mother’ s age (p<0. 001), the first time of lactation in level of greater than one hour and a level after one hour (p<0. 001), the delivery method (p <0. 05), and job (p <0. 05). The adequacy of the model was confirmed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Conclusion: The level of health literacy and the variables of the first time lactation, maternal age, delivery method and occupation were affected by exclusive breast-feeding. Therefore, considering the above factors, especially increasing the level of mothers' health literacy through the organization of workshops can be effective.

Background and Objective: One of the important factors in choosing vaginal delivery in pregnant women is self-efficacy of childbirth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing the self-efficacy of childbirth in the way of the reality therapy on the choice of vaginal delivery in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest and post-test design, and with control group. The study population included 39 pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 4 weeks in Nowshahr. These women had chosen cesarean section method for the termination of pregnancy and were visited for midwifery care in the urban and rural health centers from January to March 2018. The sample was selected using targeted non-random method and randomly divided into two experimental (20) and control groups (19). The reality therapy was performed in 8 sessions of 1. 5 hours twice a week for the experimental group. The childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire of Lowe (CBSEL) was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: After the intervention, the self-efficacy of childbirth was significantly higher in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p<0. 01). The self-efficacy of childbirth of women who chose vaginal delivery for termination of pregnancy was significantly more than those who still considered the method of cesarean section (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The reality therapy can be used to increase the self-efficacy of childbirth, which can have a positive effect on the choice of vaginal delivery.