Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2004 | Volume:11 | Issue:48|Papers Count:11

In the present work, fecal samples were collected from infected humans and dog living in Tehran, Shiraz and Bushehr. Giardia cysts were purified and concentrated from the feces, then their DNA was extracted. The primers used to amplify a 170-180b -bp region of the 5 end of 18S-rRNA gene were RH 11, RH4LM, GIR18SER and GIR18SIR. Following Nested PCR, the products were electrophoresed through gel agarose 1% then target band was cut. The bands were cleaned up and purified from excess dNTP's and the template transferred in to E.coli using Topo TA Cloning â, kit (Invitrogen Ltd.) in which, INVaF' strain used as a competent cell and pCR â2.1 plasmid as a vector. After E.coli culturing, the plasmid was extracted and purified. Following PCR amplification of the plasmid, the products were electrophoresed through an automatic sequencer and sequencing profiles were analyzed. Comparison of tile 185 -rRNA sequences from different isolates revealed the homogeneity of human and dog strain or genotype group of Giardia in Iran. This is the first report of the genetic characterization of Giardia from human and dog in Iran.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system. In this disease the blood brain barrier (BBB) is damaged by an unknown factor, so that macrophages and lymphocytes which infiltrate the central nervous system cause the demyelination of nerves, and produce some disorders in the normal functions of the neurons.Because of the special importance of T lymphocyte in MS pathogenesis and regarding the old hypothesis of spirochetal basis of MS due to close similarities between clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of MS and spirochetallyme disease, for investigation of the probable role of bonoeliain MS manifestation we decided to study the response of MS patient's T lymphocytes, against borrelia antigens. For this purpose the proliferation response of T lymphocytes from 45 MS patients against borrelia antigens was compared with 38 ages and sex matched normal persons using the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). Two outer surface proteins of borrelia (OspA & OspD) that were prepared by recombinant technology were also included in the study.Our results showed that, however there are some differences in proliferation response of T lymphocytes from MS patients and normal individuals, against borrelia whole antigens, but these differences are not statistically significant. However comparing with proliferation response to PHA which showed that T lymphocytes from MS patiants are from low responder groups, in response to Borrelia antigens MS patiants'T lymphocytes were proliferated more than normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference in proliferation response to OspA and OspD between patients and controls.Considering the obtained results in this study and similar studies including an investigation in the year of 2000 for comparing the MS patients derived spirochets and lyme spirochets and a lot of similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of lyme and MS, as well as geographical overlap of MS and borrelia and association of MS and environmental factors it supposed that however the role of borrlia in MS pathogenesis is not completely confirmed but the spirochetal basis of MS cannot be simply rejected as well.Multiple factors like variability in Osps expression between borrelia specieses, and abundance of recombination in osps genes, are among the factors that can explain the obtained results.

The first step in evaluating growth of children is measuring weight and height and comprising these datas with standard curves.Respecting racial, environmental, regional and healthy differences we should compared these measurements with regional curves not the reference books.We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 4000 students from Primary schools using cluster sampling technique in 1997. Height and weight were measured for each student then 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 percetile, means and standard deviation in different sex, ages were analyzed. The results of this study are similar to Kashan. The results of this study are less than NCHS. Mean of height and weight in Tehran is more than Ghazvin.No Significant difference was seen between girls and boys.

To determine whether the order of cell collection endocervical or ectocervical cells first, has an effect on the quality of the papanicolaou smear.1129 smears were obtained using an Ayre spatula and an endocervical brush. In 563 cases the endocervical brush was used first, but in 565 cases the spatula was used first. All papanicolaou smears were collected by midwives in family planning and health center in Tehran in 2001-2002 was carried out.The brush-First group had 551 (97.9%) adequate smears compared with 557 (98.6%) adequate smears in the spatula -first group. More smears were partial obscured by blood when brush was used first (78 or 13.8% compared with 48 or 8.5% P=0.004). No endocervical component was found in 7 (1.2%) smears from the brush- first group compared with 5 (0.9%) of the spatula first group, an insignificant difference.The quality of the papanicolaou smear can be improved by using the Ayre spatula first followed by the endocervical brush. Fewer smears will be contaminated by Blood.

Gallstone is one of the common primary diseases of bile system. This disease has high prevalence in middle and old age of men and women. We have performed a descriptive and analytical study about physico-chemical properties of gallbladder bile from patients with and without gallstone. All samples were collected from gallbladder bile after cholecystectomy. We determined the total protein, billirubin, phospholipids, total bile salts, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and urea, uric acid by colorimetric and enzymatic methods. The analysis and investigation of cholesterol crystals were carried out by polarized light microscopy. The results show that the mean of total bile salts (56.60, 64.92 mg/dl) total protein (19.75, 7.42 g/dl), billirubin (94.52, 75.04 mg/dl), glucose (13.78, 16.21 mg/dl) urea (43.42, 36. 71mg/dl), triglycerides (784.28, 426.78 mg/dl) uric acid (43.73, 40.37 mg/dl) pH (Z99, 7.23) refractometric index (1.353, 1.355) cholesterol (1035, 621.42 mg/dl) phospholipids (431.89, 420.1mg/dl) were in patients and control groups respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that total proteins triacylg, lycerol and cholesterol in patients were significantly higher than controls (P£<0.05). Uricacid and pH were also significant different (P<0.05) but other analyses had no difference between patients and controls. It has been concluded that protein, cholesterol triacylglycerol and pH of the bile may play an important role in gallbladder stone formation.

Due to importance of health in workers of industrial areas and different effect of industrial pollution on human heath, the present study is carried out to study the effect of industrial pollution on some serum enzymes. A descriptive study was carried out on 3 groups of workers. Selection of samples was by multistage clustering. The rate of activity of AST, AL T, LDH, CPK and ALP were studied as compared to control group. Significant increase in activity of AST, ALT, LDH, CPK and significant decrease in ALP level were observed in Arc welder, metal and textiles workers. The present study shows a significant increase in activity of some enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH and CPK). This may be due to a direct attack on the cell membranes by agents such as organic chemicals or industrial pollution as an obvious cause of enzyme released. Also the decrease in ALP level may be due to toxic pollution such as arsenic, fluoride and zinc compounds.

The early identification and intervention of hearing loss has significant effect on language and speech development of hearing-impaired child. The main object of this study was determining the age of hearing loss diagnosis among hearing-impaired children younger than 6 years old referring to audiology Clinics of rehabilitation centers in welfare Organization. For this purposes a questionnaire was prepared with 32 items including personal, hearing loss and medical history. The audiologist completed this questionnaire by interview with parents after medical examination and audiologic evaluation. In this study which way conducted on 1352 hearing-impaired children (boys 50.9% and girls 49.1%), the average age of suspicion, diagnosis, hearing aid recommendation, hearing aid receiving, and beginning to use aural rehabilitation services were obtained 19.4±15.15, 25.9 ±16.85, 30.2±21.27, 34.8 ±21.30, and 43.57±24.54 months orderly. Moreover statistically there were significant differences between these ages (p<0.05).With respect that the first three years of life is the critical period for learning language and speech, and also regarding to international proposed ages of identification and intervention of hearing loss in below 6 months, there is a remarkable gap between results of this study and suggested amount which resolving it, needs to conducting effective evaluation and efforts.

This research is a quasi-experimental study to measure "the effect of design care plan on sleep situation of hospitalized preschool children with leukemia". 32 preschool children with leukemia participated in this study.The quality and quantity of their sleep situation have been measured. There were two stages: first they received only routine nursing care for 5 days. And second the children received a designed care plan including regulating sleep and a wakening time, promoting physical comfort, relaxation and modification of environmental factors before, sleep for 5 days. Then their quality and quantity of sleep has been measured in both stages. Tools for gathering data were questionnaire and checklist. According to the results of paired t-test, children's quality of sleep had increased from 66.22±10.22 to 76.24±12.10 (P=0.0001) and their quantity of sleep had increased from 84.75±7.12 to 92.65±9.2± (P=0.033).According to the results it is recommended to use designed care plan as a helpful approach to promoting sleep quality and quantity of hospitalized preschool children with leukemia.

Diseases of the thyroid affect the pregnant woman and its fetus. In respect of study thyroid function, single serum specimens from pregnant women (n=500) who were referring to the clinical centers in Zanjan city were obtained. Serum TSH levels were measured by IRMA method (commercially available kit). Sera whose TSH concentration was above 3.5 mu/ml and below 0.1 mu/ml were subjected to determining serum FT4 by RIA method. FT4 normal range in the first trimester was 1-3.2-24.3 pmol/lit (`X=19.03 pmol/lit, n=21) in second trimester 1-0.3-24.3 pmol/lit (`X =17.3 pmol/lit, n=28) and in third trimester 8.9-23.3 pmol/lit (`X=16.1 pmol/lit, n=51), out of these 0.4% hypothyroid (n=2) 2.2% hyperthyroid (n=11) were recognized. With regarding to this result, laborat01Ytests which are able to evaluate thyroid function should be used with clinical signs and symptoms for thyroid diseases diagnosis during pregnancy.

Health, social and technological development during recent century leads to great changes in population indicators and increase the age of elders. Longevity and increasing of elders are one of the social development results, but this term necessitates furthers consideration to quality of life. Therefore, this challenge needs initiative and undertaking and also revising at social and healthy pathways to guarantee elders' needs. One important factor to exhibit elders quality of life is distinction and safeguarding of their physicopsychosocial needs. So determining of above - mentioned needs in this age group is necessary for all aspects. In this regard one study has been done for determining of elders; (aging group) needs and reasons of dissatisfaction of psychological needs. Sampling was at convenience form from Shariati and Imam Komeini hospitals, 335 persons, have been chosen from private rest-house in quto accidental sampling. First, one questionnaire developed to studying main objective, needs satisfaction statues was analyzed at three level scores (low=25-50), (moderate=50-75) and (good=75-100). After data collecting and information analyses, 150 cases which were at law score considered for investigation with questionnaire. The data collection instrument had been developed to determining the demographical information and also causes of psychological needs dissatisfaction. Results: After gathering data and analyzing them these results showed that:- There is about 44 percent dissatisfaction of psychological needs.- Psychological dissatisfaction among elders who residing in an old people's home was more observable than elders who living at their family or alone or with their spouses that variant analysis showed a significant difference (95% CI, P<0.05).- There was a significant correlation between dissatisfaction of psychological needs with abusing, neglect, aggression to personal rights and lack of good leisure times (95% CI, P<0.05).