IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Th e present study was conducted on 42 dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of skin neoplasia presented in the Shiraz University Veterinary Clinic from April 2012 to December 2017. All cases were reviewed, excluding the mammary gland neoplasms. Th e histopathological type, prevalence, sex, age, breed and site distribution of the neoplasms were described. In addition, previous studies on canine skin tumors from other geographic regions were evaluated and compared with the results of the present study. Fift een diff erent histopathological types of tumor were diagnosed. Th e prevalence of epithelial, mesenchymal, melanocytic and lymphohistiocytic tumors was 61. 9%, 35. 7%, 2. 4% and 0 %, respectively. Th e three most common tumors were sebaceous gland adenoma (21. 42%), squamous cell carcinoma (11. 9%), and lipoma (11. 9%). Th e incidences of these tumors were more than other researches. Although there is no obvious explanation for these geographical diff erences, the possible reasons may be the geographical locations, environmental infl uences, and the study population and breed. Terriers were the most common type of the dogs in this study (34. 4%). Th e present fi ndings about the dogs age and various skin tumors and the anatomical locations indicates that there is no signifi cant variation in these important parameters among the Iranian dogs and dogs from other parts of the world.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of many avian species, causing enormous losses in poultry production worldwide. Th e objective of this study was to reveal the clinical feature, virus shedding, and immune response following infection with a velogenic chicken isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in susceptible and vaccinated pheasants. Eighty day-old pheasant chicks were allotted to four groups. At 30 days of age, the birds in groups 1 and 3 were vaccinated with B1 strain via eye drop. Two weeks later, each bird in groups 1 and 2 was inoculated with 100 μ L (50 μ L/eye) of NDV-infected allantoic fl uid containing 105 EID50 of viral inoculum. All groups were inspected daily for three weeks. Swab samples were taken at diff erent time points, and verifi ed for NDV infection by using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serological examination was also made by haemagglutination-inhibition assay. Clinically, watery mucoid feces was observed only in one case among the vaccinated challenged birds, whereas the unvaccinated challenged birds showed anorexia, mild depression and head deviation. Out of 20 birds in group 2, one case (5%) died. Based on RT-PCR, virus shedding was only observed among the unvaccinated birds from 5 to 14 days aft er challenge. Th e NDV was detected more in tracheal swabs (40%) than in cloacal swabs (30%). Th e infected birds showed a high seroconversion. In conclusion, the velogenic NDV circulating in Iranian chicken fl ocks has a low pathogenicity for pheasants, and ocular vaccination with B1 strain could provide a good protection.

Growth hormone has mitotic and anti-apoptotic eff ects which may increase proliferation and transformation of cells when it is expressed aberrantly. Th is study investigated the eff ects of resistance training and growth hormone injection on circulating IGF-1, IGFBP-3 levels and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in male Wistar rats. Th irty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group (C, n = 8), a resistance training group (RT, n = 8), a growth hormone injection group (GI, n = 8) and a resistance training + growth hormone injection group (RG, n = 8). Th e resistance training protocol comprised of climbing a ladder (5 days/week, 3 sets/5 reps) while carrying a weight suspended from the tail. Th e growth hormone (2 mg/kg/day, 5 days/ week) was injected before an exercise session. Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 levels, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio were measured aft er 8 weeks. One-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels between groups. Serum IGF-1 levels and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio signifi cantly decreased, but serum IGFBP-3 levels showed no signifi cant change in the RT group compared to the C group. Also, both serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels and IGF-1/ IGFBP-3 ratio in GI and RG groups signifi cantly increased compared to the other groups. In conclusion, resistance training decreases serum IGF-1 levels and/or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in normal condition. On the other hand, the growth hormone injection with and without the resistance training increases serum IGF-1 levels and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio which could be noted as a condition with a higher risk of neoplasm.

Anorexia is a part of the acute phase response (APR). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is frequently used to mimic APR and induces anorexia. Th e mechanism underlying anorexia associated with APR in chicks is not well understood. In the present study, the possible involvement of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) on anorexic eff ects of LPS in neonatal chicks was investigated. For this aim, diff erent doses of LPS were administrated via both intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) routes in order to assess its eff ects on chick’ s food intake. Subsequently, the eff ect of ICV injection of astressin, a CRF receptor antagonist, on anorexia induced by ICV and IP administration of LPS was investigated. Food intake was signifi cantly decreased following either central or systemic administration of LPS. ICV co-injection of astressin and LPS signifi cantly diminished anorexic eff ects of central LPS. However, anorexia induced by peripheral LPS was not attenuated by central injection of astressin. Th ese data indicated that the brain CRF receptors are involved in central LPS-induced anorexia in chicks.

Snake venom is a complex mixture of diff erent compounds which have potential pharmacological properties and may aff ect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study we investigate the eff ects of two Iranian vipers; vipera albicornuta and vipera latifi i crude venoms on the viability of MScs in vivo and in vitro. Th e cells in in vitro tests were treated with diff erent concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μ g/100μ l) of mentioned venoms for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Th e cells in in vivo experiment only were treated with v. Latifi i venom at the concentration of 1μ g/100μ l and time intervals as in vitro tests. Th e cell viability in in vitro experiment was assessed using MTT assay. Th e results of in vitro experiments showed that maximum cell viability was observed at concentrations of 1 and 2 μ g/100μ l of v. albicornuta and v. latifi i venoms aft er 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Th e results of in vivo experiment showed that the cells treated with v. Latifi i venom for 72 hours in situ have the highest proliferation rate aft er passages three, four and fi ve in comparison to control. Th e results of this study showed that the v. albicornuta and v. latifi i venoms can aff ect the confl uence and viability of the MSCs.

Th is research examined the antimicrobial eff ect of Lavandula stoechas (lavender) and Origanum majorana (marjoram) essential oil against three pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the main components of the lavender and marjoram oils were 17-Pentatriacontene, Linalyl acetate, Eucalyptol, linalool and 3-Cyclohexene-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)-, α-terpineol, P-cymene, respectively. Broth dilution testing was performed using autoclaved whole milk instead of broth to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils alone and in combination. In addition, time-kill assay of lavender and marjoram oils were determined in milk up to 24 h. MIC values ranged from 3. 12-4. 37% v/v and MBC between 6. 25-8. 75% v/v for the lavender. Th e MIC and MBC of the marjoram ranged from 0. 62-1. 87% v/v and 1. 25-3. 75% v/v, respectively. Th e MIC ranged from 2. 5-5% v/v and MBC between 5-10% v/v for lavender + marjoram combination. In time-kill assays, the presence of lavender and marjoram oils at a sub-MIC concentration signifi cantly reduced the bacterial population in 4, 10 and 24 h. Generally, essential oil of marjoram had greater antibacterial activity than lavender against all mastitis-causing pathogens tested and has the potential to be evaluated as an alternative or adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of bovine mastitis.

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the inclusion potential of fi ve levels of Calotropis persica seed powder (CSP) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/ kg of the basal diet) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet, in a completely randomized design. To perform the test, 3600 fries (11. 5 ± 3. 64 g) were treated for 56 days. According to the results, the increase in milkweed seed powder up to 40 g/ kg, resulted in a signifi cant increase in specifi c growth rate and intestinal lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control (p < 0. 05). Th e best results of survival rate, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic and gastrosomatic indices were achieved in the treatments receiving 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/kg CSP (p < 0. 05). Antibacterial activity of skin mucus, lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase showed the highest level in the 40 g/ kg treatment (p < 0. 05). Based on the results, the inclusion of 40 g/kg milkweed seed powder caused positive health eff ects and could be a suitable herbal feed additive in the rainbow trout diet.

Th is study examined the eff ects of skim-milk based extenders supplemented with proline and glutamine on motility, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidant status of cooled-stored equine sperm and determined the role of seminal plasma as well. Th e semen was collected with artifi cial vagina. In experiment 1, native semen was diluted in skim-milk based extender containing 5mM glutamine and 3mM proline, stored at 5° C and analyzed at 4, 24 and 48 hours storage for motion parameters. In experiment 2, semen was centrifugated, sperm pellet resuspended in the extenders and stored at 5° C for 4 hours to determine motion parameters. Th e level of catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde formation was determined for all samples at 4 hours. Glutamine and proline signifi cantly preserved the percentage of motile sperm (76. 5 ± 2. 7 and 79. 4 ± 1 vs 69 ± 1. 4), increased the progressive motility of cold-stored semen (66. 1 ± 2. 5 and 73. 7 ± 2. 9 vs 56. 2 ± 1. 4), increased catalase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde. However these eff ects were disappeared after seminal plasma removal. We conclude that glutamine and proline would amplify the antioxidant activity of equine cold-stored semen and preserve its motility. Th is eff ect seems to be related to interactions with seminal plasma.