Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:67|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Because of the side effects and resistance that pathogenic micro-organisms build against the antibotics, much of the recent attention has been paid to extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from plant species used in herbal medicine. Medicinal plants may offer a new source of antibacterial agents for use. The Poulk (Stachys Schtschegleevii) is a medicinal plant that is used widely in North-west of Iran for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, specially sinusitis. Antibacterial effects of essential oil, aqueous and methanolic extracts of poulk against four different bacterial strains including: Staplylococcus. Aureus (ATCC29213), Streptococcus pyogenes (PTCC1447), Escherichia coli (PTCC1269) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC1430) have been studied.Materials and Methods: "Well" diffusion was used for preliminary assay. Then, for each extract which hadshown antimicrobial effect in "well" diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) were determined by macrobroth dillution Method according to NCCLS Standards.Results: Methanolic extract had a significant inhibition on S.aureus and S.pyogenes. the test was repeated three times during which the diameters of the inhibiton zones for methanolic extract were 23.67±1.24mm and 17.30±0.47mm for S.aureus and S.pyogenes respectively. MIC and MBC were 6.25mglml and 12.5mglml for S.aureus, but for S.pyogenes was 12.5 mg/ml, that is, MIC=MBC Essential oil and aqueous extracts didn't show antibacterial effect against all tested bacterial species. Moreover, methanolic extract wasn not effective on tested gram negative species (E.coli and P.aeruginosa).Conclusion: The results indicate that Poulk's methanolic extract is a potent antibacterial preparation and acts as a bactericidal agent.

Introduction: Hemiplegy is a major complication of cerebro vascular Accident. It causes the patient experience various degrees of dependency in his daily activities at home or in the society. It seems that nurses are the most Competent people among the health care personnel to reduce this dependency and help the patient to Keep his independency. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effect of the planned self-care on the daily activities of the hemiplegy patients.Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental case-control study in which case group underwent the intervention. Data were gathered through questionnaires and check list. Sixty C.V.A patients were selected through non-random sampling. Then, they were assigned to two groups: 30 for the case and 30 for the control groups. Results: The results showed no statistical significant difference in the ADL mean scores of the two groups in the pre-test (P=0.5). While there was a significant difference in their ADL mean scores after the intervention (p<0.001). On the other hand, the post-test ADL mean scores in the case group were 32% higher than the control group. Moreover, there were significant differences among age, sex, mascular weakness, motor disorders and ADL Mean scores.Conclusion: With regard to the findings of this study, we emphasize the importance of nurses' role in providing home care for the patients with chronic diseases as well as the significance of extending nursing services in the society, that is, establishing a Community-oriented nursing.

Introduction: Hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, head ache and hypoxemia are the most common complications of hemodialysis that significantly affect the compliance and cooperation of hemodialysis patients. New Techniques and better dialysater should be found to reduce these complications. Therefore, this study attempted to compare the complications of hemodialysis with Acetate dialysate and Bicarbonat dialysate.Materials and Methods: 50 patients who had referred to hemodialysis service of Sina Hospital were selected for the study and were randomely assigned to "A" stands for Acetate and "B" for the Bicarbonat group. Hypotension, Hypoxemia, nausea, vomiting, headach and muscle cramps were studied in the two groups. Statistical analysis was accomplished using the last available version of SPSS.Results: Mean age in group A and B was 54.7 and 51.5, respectively (N.S). The M/F ratio was 2.5/1 and 2.111, respectively (N.S). Nausea and vomiting were significantly more Common in group A (48% vs 8%, P<0.05). Muscle cramps and headache although were more common in group A than in group B had no statistical significance. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures before hemodialysis were not significantly different among the two groups. Reduction in systolic and diastolic BP after hemodialysis was significantly more in group A than group B (reduction in Systolic BP 32.6 vs 12.8, P<0.05 and reduction in diastolic BP 17 vs 6 (P<0.05).Conclusion: Bicarbonate buffer Solution as dialysate will reduce the incidence of nausea, Vomiting, hypotension and hypoxemia. It will also and provide a more comfortable hemodialysis for ESRD patients than acetate-based dialysate.

Introduction: Hand dermatitis (HD) represents one of the most prevalent occupational diseases among health-care Personnel, especially nursing staff worldwide, since they are exposed to a wide variety of allergic and irritant substances; Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HD and its risk factors among nursing and midwifery personnel.Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 233 nursing personnel (registered nurses, nursing aides, operating-room technicians and anesthesiology technicians) and midwives at four hospitals in Shahrood. Data were collected by (NOSQ) (Nordic Occupational Skin questionnaire) and interview. Then, the data were analyzed with X2, Mann Whitney and logistic regression statistical test.Results: The results indicated that the prevalence of HD was 46.4% (95% Cl 0.40-0.53). Mainly in the operating room (76.5%) and among technicians (78.6%). There were no differences in sex but a significant difference was observed between the married and the singles. Risk factors for HD were skin allergy history (OR=43.5) and food allergy history (OR=5.1).Conclusion: Our results indicated that HD is high among nurses and midwives. For protective, measures, mild soap and non-latex gloves should be used. Primary care services for early detection and suitable treatment is also suggested.

Introduction: The prevalence of cardio-vascular diseases among industrial and developing countries is increasing. A glance at the latest WHO standards indicates that 23% of the universal mortality rate is related to the cardio-vascular diseases-Notonly are these problematic to people, but are also the society's big concern. They may cause individual's abscentism, the great expenses of surgical method, expensive drugs, inabilities and soon. The available evidence indicates that these are closely related to anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, exhaustion and emotional complains, since body and soul are intertwined. Thus, providing the patients with necessary information helps the prevention of such psychological problems to a great extent. This is an analytical study that investigates the effect of training on the depression of the patients before open-heart operation. Materials and Methods: 80 patients were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups (40 each). To prevent the contact of two groups, the sampling was performed every other week. Data were collected by demographic information form and Beck's test from the cardiology wards of Shahid Modarress Hospital in Tehran. The experimental and control groups were assessed through Beck's test. Then, the experimental group was exposed to training, while the control group did not. One month later, the two groups were compared for their depression. According to Beck's test, 0-7 showed mild depression; 8-14 indicated mild depression and 15-26represented a severe one.Results: The findings indicated that training reduced the severe depression up to 50% in the experimental group, but was ineffective on the patients with mild and moderate depression A significant difference was observed between the experimental and Control groups after the training (P<0/01) Thus, the study's hypothesis was 95% confirmed.Conclusion: It can be concluded that training not only reduces the physical problems, but also the psychological and mental ones. Training the patients who had undergone open-heart surgery makes them more hopeful, decreases their depression and accelerates their recovery.

Introduction: The Tongue is the organ of taste. It functions in speech, mastication and deglutition of food. Malformations, Inflamations, infections and neoplasms can change the shape of tongue, cause burning, pain and halitosis. These cause anxiety of children and their parents and create talking, nutritional and psychological problems. The prevalence of tongue lesions in Iranian children is unknown and the aims of the present study were: to investigate the prevalence of geographic tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, black hairy tongue and ankyloglossia in primary schools of Tehran, to find the relation between these lesions and some dermatologic disorders like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.Materials & Methods: In this study, first schools and areas were chosen through the systematic random sampling, then the tongue lesion prevalence of the first and fifth grade students was determined. Results: 1902 elementary school students were examined. The following prevalence figures were found: geographic tongue (1.8%), fissured tongue (1.6%) and ankyloglossia (0.05%). While, median rhomboid tongue and black hairy tongue were not observed. There were no significant differences between sexes and ages. Only in the fifth grade students scrotal tongue was more prevalent than first grade students. The only significant association was found between geographic and fissured tongues. There was not any correlation between tongue disorders and atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Conclusion: Geographic tongue and fissured tongue were observed to be the most common tongue Lesions of tongue in primary schools and in most cases, patients do not require treatment other than reassurance about the benign nature of these lesions.

Introduction: In recent years, because of the importance of heavy metals in human body (both the essential and nonessential ones) many studies were done with rats. For instance, Pearson et.al (2003) examined and made experiments with rats and found out that Zn can be effective on Alzimer. The results demonstrated that the examination of adult wild rats would be appropriate to estimate lead and other pollutants more rapidly, easily and cost-effectively in urban areas.Materials & Methods: 22 wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected in Noor by mechanical methods in 2003, to determine the accumulation rate of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in their tissues. After biometrics including the measurement of body weight; head and body length; the length of tail, foot and ear; and their chemical digestion was evaluated by HN03 and HCl (1:2). This evaluation was done for their different tissues such as kidney, liver, spleen, muscle and boneo The Cu and Zn rates were determined by Philipes Atomic Absorption Spectophotometer (Po 9400) and Flame Method.Results: The Cu mean values (ug/g) in the rat tissues were as follows: liver, 10.7; Kidney, 11.4; Spleen, 9.82; muscle, 3.8; bone, 5.2; while Zn mean values (ug/g) were as:  liver, 8.14; Kidney, 4.5; Spleen, 6.8; muscle, 16.84 and bone, 6.3. The accumulation of Cu and Zn in tissues was determined as:Kidney>bone>spleen>liver>muscle for Zn Muscle>bone>spleen>liver>Kidney for Cu The t-test (P<0.05) showed a significant difference between sexes (male and female) concerning the Kidney (P=0.03) and bone (P=0.012). Furthermore, Pb and Cd were for above standard levels (P=0.00) in the bone (P<0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicate that Kidney and muscle function differently in the accumulation of Cu and Zn. In addition, liver plays an important vole (P<0.05) in their accumulation. The significant difference of Sexes (male and female) for Zn in their Kidney and bone may be related to the generating and lactation functions of the female that cause heavy metals get out of the body. Moreover, the high levels of Pb and Cd in rat's bone are due to the existance of such elements in their environment.

Introduction: This Case-control study was conducted for under fifteen-year-old children in Shiraz, to ascertain the risk factors of pediatric acute Leukemia with prevalence, high fatality rate and enormous psychological burden.Materials and Methods: 107 cases who were admitted in pediatric hematology ward of Namazi hospital and were referred to Motahari Clinic for follow-up were studied. 214 Controls who were randomly selected from wards other than hematology, or community were matched for age and sex. In addition, to evaluate the importance of risk factors. odd's ratio was calculated using statistical softwares, EPI6 and SPSS10.Results: Statistically significant risk factors were as follows: father's job including labouring, farming, animal husband'ry, private business, maternal smoking during pregnancy, paternal cigarette smoking, birth and residential place (Booshehr, Hormozgan, and Khoozestan provinces involvement) Contact with animals (sheep and cow), father's in chemical war, family members more than five and consanguinity. Moreover, Chicken pox and mump significantly reduced the risk of leukemia. Rubella, measles, and allergy also reduced the risk, although they were not statistically significant. In spite of the fact that contact with poultry increased the odd's ratio, it wasn't significant either. Conclusion: It can be concluded that educating people and increasing their general Knowledge for preventing the above-mentioned risks in the high risk groups seems inevitable for prognosis. Furthermore, to Clarify the ambiguous points of this investigation, it is recommended to carry out more studies with bigger sample for each individual risk factors.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of Ginko biloba and its similar extract (Ginkgo-TD) on the treatment of subjective tinnitus, we have performed a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial for sixty patients. It was proposed that Ginko has different effects on memory, cerebral blood flow and neuronal protection. Previous studies had proved differently in it's effect on subjective tinnitus.Materials and Methods: Sixty patients complained from subjective tinnitus and were referred to our out patient clinic participated in the study after the clinical and preclinical assessments.The patients had randomly received drug or plaebo. Then they were divided into two groups A and B. Group A received 40mg Ginko-TD twice daily for two weeks, but group B had received the placebo for the same period. After two weeks all patients were re-evaluated for the reduction of tinnitus severity.Results: 53.3% of the patients in group A reported reduction of the tinnitus severity; wher Tinnitus as, only 10% of group B had become better (P<0/005).Conclusion: Ginkgo-TD has effects on the improvement of subjective tinnitus.