Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2001 | Volume:8 | Issue:34|Papers Count:13

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and cardiovascular responses of paralegic and normal subjects are studied during wheelchair ergometry in three positions i.e.: 1) Knees in flexion with functional electrical stimulation (FNS) on leg2) Knees in flexion without FNS3) Knees in extensionsixteen paraplegic men (T8- T12) with 33.3+ 2.8 years and 11 normal men with 27.5 +2.6 years old participated in this study. The identification of persons recorded on the forms and then wheelchair ergometry was carried out with preferred, speed for 5 minutes in three positions. Heart rate, blood pressure and RPE were measured before, during and immediately after exercise. Time course of heart rate showed that in the two groups of normal and paraplegic subjects, heart rate is reached to steady state. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between heart rate of paraplegics in knee flexion whit and without FNS. However, RPE and blood pressure were the same. In knee extension heart rate was lower from knee flexion, but blood pressure and RPE were the same. In normal subjects, there was not a significant difference in heart rate, RPE and blood pressure after exercise. These findings show that FNS and knee extension during wheelchair propulsion can decrease heart rate of paraplegic subjects.

The present study entitled: The survey of type, reason, and factors affecting self-medication as part of a wide practical research analyzing which is one of the most important health and social phenomena in our society- In spite of implementation of different programs during last decades, drug abuse, over use of medication, in general, and self-medication, in particular, are still among most important health issues in the country having some negative effects on health and social development.The most important results obtained from this study are: 1. Symptomatic therapy by physicians, low importance of diseases from the viewpoints of the subjects, and cost-visiting the doctors are the main reasons of practicing self-medication.2. This unhealthy behavior is influenced by some socio-economic and cultural factors such as educational status, job, and location of residence in the society.

Due to the increasing evidence of hirsutism among Iranian women, the present study was conducted at Tarbiat Modarress university specialty clinic for a period of 18 months to examine the different aspects of this disease.One hundred and seventy five patients were studied. A medical history and physical examination were obtained in each case, after determining a score according to the ferriman and Gallwey method, the following tests were performed on the 21 st day of the menstrual cycle: ACTH, CORTISOL, FSH, LH, OESTRADIOL, 170 HP, PROGESTERONE, T3, T4, TSH, TESTOSTERONE, SHBG, ANDROSTANDJONE, PROLACTIN and DHEA.S.The result showed that in 14.9 % of the cases, hyperprolactinemia was associated with hirsutism.Prolactin had a serum prolactin above 20 ng/ml. Androgen changes in hirsut women with hyperprolactinemia were as Fallows: an increase in DHEAS, Testosterone and ADD in 35% and 20% and 11/1% of the cases, respectively.The mean prolactin level in hyprolactinemic hirsut women was found to be 31 ng/ml, and in other hirsut women, 10.8 ng/ml.Index TEST / SHBG in hyperprolactinemic hirsut women were higher than other hirsut women.The mean hormans: SHBG and progesterone in hyperprolactinemic hirsut women were lower than other hirsut women.In conclusion in order to evaluate hirsut women, it is necessary to periodically measure prolactin.        

This research is a quasi-experimental study, carried out in 1998-99 " to compare the effects of two health educational methods on the mothers practice and the daughters nutrition in preventing iron deficiency" for this purpose, 81 adolescent girls from seven high schools in the northern Esfahan city who had criteria for inclusion, with their mothers selected by stratified cluster random sampling. finally 69 girls with their mothers remained in the study. Samples were divided into two groups: counseling program (32 girls with their mothers) and booklet receivers (37 girls with their mothers).The data were gathered by means of questionnaires about Demographic data, Mothers practice score and Daughters food frequency questionnaire (completed by conducting interview).At first pretest was done, then designed counseling program was carried out for group I with 5 subgroups (of 5-8 girls) in 10-12 sessions for each subgroup. Group II only received booklets about "iron deficiency and its prevention". Three months after last counseling session, post test way done for two groups. Mothers practice scored at nutritional, health & total practices. Daughters iron intake calculated in Quattro pro PC and classified in heme, non heme & total iron percentage of he me iron intake calculated for classification of the iron bioavailability of diet in low, moderate & high categories. After matching two groups for dependent and independent variables, analysis of data was performed by SPSS software with T, pair T and X2 tests. Results were ay follows: there was significant improve in mothers practice after intervention in two groups (P< 0.000 pair T-test) but counseling program was more effective than booklet in correcting mother's nutritional practice (P<0.006 T-test).Daughters iron intake specially heme iron, increased only in the counseling group (P<0.006 pair T-test)At this group iron intake increased ay follows: Heme iron from 0.9 to 1.3, Non heme iron from 18 to 20.7 and total iron from 18.9 to 22 mg/day, but in the booklet group heme, non heme & total iron intake remained at 0.9, 20 and 20.9 mg/day respectively and there hadn't been any significant changes in quality and quantity of iron intake( P>0.20 pair T-test).Thus the counseling program was more effective in correcting health and nutritional behaviors of mothers and daughters, therefore through educational programs for adolescent girls, we can improve their health behaviors as well as their mothers and the whole society, for present and future.    

The method selection has an important role in ligand binding studies. In several international papers the phenytoin binding to glycosylated and wild type albumin have been investigated, but the incompatibility of the results has been observed. Analysis of these papers indicates that the main reason for these differences is the unsuitable method used. For example, the equilibrium dialysis takes the long time (~96 hr) but half-life of the reversible process of albumin glycosylation at 37°C is about 1.8 hr. So that, in the period of the experiment, about all of the bound sugars have been dissociated again and hence it is unfavorable technique for this investigation. The investigators must consider that the ligand binding studies is dependent to the several parameters, including the structural features of the ligand and macromolecule, type of the reaction, and the exact knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of the method.    

A nalytic descriptive was performed to find out the comparison between cottonswab spatula and cytobrush spatula in cervical smear. The presence of endocerrical cell was important in the diagnosis abnormal cells of papsmear that depended strongly upon sampling methods.This study performed on the year 1998 and participants were all reffered to family planning and health center. The two populations were remarkably similar with regard to age, marriage age - education - contraception gravidity, parity, occupation, cervical surgery.The results showed that there is significant differences in the number of endocervical cell between two groups (p =0). Smear without endocervical cells with cottonswab spatula was found to be higher than cytobrush - spatula (p =0). The results also showed that there is no significant differences in present of blood cell between two groups (p<03). Number of squamous cells of cervix in two groups was found higher than 200 cells.    

It is difficult to determine the tooth size without having any pre-extraction records. Various methods have been proposed to overcome this difficulty. There is however a contradiction in the accuracy of those methods. Width size of the anterior teeth & the right middle anterior tooth are determined using intercommissural bizygomatic, interalar sagittal cranial & philtrum width parameters. The preciseAccuracy of these parameters is assessed in this study. The totals of equal numbers in both sexes are software. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used studied statistically. Data are evaluated by PE to analyze the data. Correlation coefficient method of analysis is used to correlate the variables. Biometic ratios of dental and cranial parameters are also assessed. Statistical methods do not support such a ratios.    

 Regarding the high prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis the diagnosis, cure of it, also the problems and expense of culture of parasite, are four important characters. The effect of different bloods group of human, Cow, Sheep and goat on growth of promastigote of Leishmania tropica, L. major were examined and compare with the blood of rabbit. This study was performed during 1998-99 in Kashan.This study was performed on promastigote L.tropica, L.major with an analytical studies which was confirmed by World Health Organization. The examination was repeated 10 times. The time of compatibility with culture medium, maximum and minimum growth based on decrease of active parasite comparing with the basic number on the time of culture were determined and judged statistically.The time of compatibility with culture medium was equal in all cases and it was about 1 to 3 days. Musing blood of human, sheep and goat growth of parasite was reached at maximum in shorter time comparing with musing blood of cow. The minimum growth in the blood of rabbit and cow was more than blood of human, goat and sheep. The growth of 2 kinds of parasites in the blood of rabbit was more than blood of human, goat and sheep (P<0.05), but it was similar to the amount of growth of these parasites in blood of rabbit and cow.According to the importance of time of growth of promastigote, it is possible to replace the blood of man with the blood of rabbit.    

In order to studying the efficiency of Self Report Mania Inventory (SRMI) in diagnosis of bipolar disorder (manic phase), the Persian version of the inventory administered on 26 manic inpatients (10 male&16 female with age average 36.12) and 26 nonmanic inpatients (13 male &13 female with age average 35.20) in Roozbeh psychiatric hospital. Results indicated significant difference in two groups (t=87.4 & α=.0001).Item analysis showed the major of items correlated to total test score (ranged 0.20-0.54). Alpha coefficient was 0.90 and delation of each item decreased alpha. Reliability estimation with other methods showed acceptable reliability of the inventory. The results also indicated that the presence or missing insight did not affect on testing results. Estimation of cut- off point indicated that 21 score have correct complete discrimination power of the cases and in this point correct discrimination of the cases that have not affected mania is 86%. Therefore by the regard of obtained results we could accept that the inventory is reliable and valid in order to diagnosis and screening purposes in Iranian manic inpatients.    

Nalibiting is a common habit in children. It is embarrassing, unattractive, socially undesirable and can predispose to development of paronychia, damage to cuticle and nails and dental problems. The purpose of this study was determining the prevalence of nailbiting in primary schools of Tehran and its relationship with sex, age, number of children in family and living area. The prevalence of nailbting in 1903 elementary students which were examined was 6.8%. There wasn't any difference between sexes or ages in prevalence but its incidence in family with lower than 3 children or higher than 5 children were more than family with 4 or 5 children. The Prevalence in north of Tehran was more than south. Nailbiting is usually confined to the finger nails. The etiologies suggested for nailbiting include stress, imitation, heredity and poorly manicured nails. Treatment should be directed at any precipitating cause of stress. Care of the nails and cuticles, behavioral modification techniques and regular fallow up are important aspects of treatment.    

One of the most important sanitation problems in Iran is parasitic intestinal infection. This study was carried out to determine type(s) and prevalence of intestinal parasites in 406 of 5700 Healthy city families to meet Health city sanitary goals.According to the text the samples examined by method formalin-ether.Our findings showed following types and prevalence: Ascaris lumbriciodes (0.6%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.2%) Tichocephal (0.1 %), H.nana (0.7%), Giardia lamblia (10%), Entamoba histolytica (0.6%), Entamoeba coli (10%), Entamoba hartmanni (0.4%), Endolimax nana (3.5%), lodamoeba butschlii (0.3%), Blastocystis hominis (6.3%), chilomastix mesnili (0.1%).In addition, in some samples one (31.2%), Two (6.3%) three (1.1%), and four (0.1%) type(s) of parsites were seen.Concerning the rather poor hypgiene of families about intestinal parasitic infections, proper education can be very useful. The relationship of age, sex, parents education, parents occupation with intestinal parasitic infection rate was not significant.      

The main purpose in radiotherapy is to convey the highest radiation dose and damage to the target (malignant tissue) and to keep the damage to the normal and healthy surrounding tissues of the target as low as possible. One index that can help us in this regard is the integral dose representing the total radiation energy absorbed by the irradiated body. Although the integral dose to the irradiated volume can not solely help choosing the best radiotherapy technique, it can provide a good measure and a practical guidance in this regard.In this study, by using the CT images from the irradiated area and the radiotherapy plans of each transactional CT image, planimetric integral doses to different organs were determined. Then the energy distributions in irradiated volume were calculated and compared for four different radiotherapy techniques (10MV with BOX technique and Co -60 with 2-, 4- and 6-field techniques) in two patients with the cervical cancer. This study indicated that the integral dose of the target and rectum in both of the patients has the highest value in the 2-field technique and the lowest value in the 4-field technique with Co -60. In addition, the normal and healthy tissues receive the lowest integral dose in the 6-field technique with Co -60 and the highest dose in the BOX technique with 10 MV. It was concluded that the higher integral dose observed in the 6-field technique in comparison with the BOX technique was mainly due to the differences in the integral dose of the normal tissues for these two techniques.Regarding the energy distribution, the 4-field technique showed the best distribution in the normal tissue, but the range of dose variation in the target for this technique was higher than other techniques. On the other hand the BOX technique using higher energy (10MV) indicated the best energy distribution in the target volume with a lower range of dose variation.