KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2000 | Volume:5 | Issue:Part 3|Papers Count:16

Transection of a peripheral nerve in neonatal rats induces death of axotomized neurons, but it is not fully understood whether death is due to necrosis or apoptosis. In present investigation, neuronal death of L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was evaluated. Unilateral sciatic nerve transection was done on neonatal rats evaluated. Unilateral sciatic nerve transection was done on neonatal rats with ages of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days old. After 5 days, right (experimental) and left (control) DRGs in all groups were removed, fixed in Bouins or Glutaraldehide solutions. Healthy nucleoli were counted in paraffin serial sections and correction factors for the split and multiple nucleoli were obtained according to Schmalbruch (1987). M~rphological appearance of neuronal death was also investigated using light and transmision electron microscopes. Results showed that number of neurons of right DRG, comparing with control, significantly reduced in all groups, and percentage of reduction for the age of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 was 32.4%, 27.2%, 23.8%, 22.8% and 21.8% respectively. Neuronal cell death also indicated typical morphological of changes of apoptosis including condensed typical morphological of changes of apoptosis including condensed basophil nuclei, the formation of nuclear cap, cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies. In conclusion, after transection of a peripheral nerve, neurons died due to the of apoptosis and their reduction is age dependent.      

Skin infection is one of the most common and important post-renal transplantation complications. In this Study, 296 renal allograft recipients were reviewed for skin diseases and we checked all of their post-medical history in skin disease. The mean age was 35.8±11.2 years and mean active graft duration was 4.4±3.2 years. In our population, 231 patients had at least one episods of skin infections. We found Foliculitis in 97(%33) patients, Pteriasis versicolor in 87(%29), Wart in 74(%25), Fascial herpes in 62(%21), Oral candidiasis in 58(%20) and varicella zoster in 23(%8). In comparison with other reports from different countries, we have more patients with pteriasis versicolor and oral candidiasis, wart fascial herpes and varicella have less incidence (p < 0.05). Because of high incidence of skin infections in renal allograft recipients, prophylaxis, Treatment and early diagnosis are very important and it in recommended that allegraft recipients be examined by a dermatologist in a cyclic period.      

In recent years, there has been increased concern regarding the effects of the electromagnetic fields associated with shortwave diathermy an operators. High intensity 27.12 MHz radiofrequency radiation was determined to be teratogenic in rats during most of the gestation period. The present study was designed to investigate Teratogenic effects of continuous shortwave therapy on pregnant rat embryos during different periods of gestation. Three experimental (EXP) groups were formed: Group EXP1 was exposed continuously for the pregnancy period from day 0 through day 6 and group EXP2 from day 7 through day 13 and group EXP3 from day 14 through day 20 of gestation. Three experimental groups were exposed to 10 W/cm2 at 27.12 MHz radiation for 15 minutes twice daily for 6 days. Total exposure time for each experimental rat was 210 minutes. Three groups of sham-exposed and control group were designed. Biological assay consisted of determining pre- and post-implantation losses of the embryos and the effects on colonic temperature increase. Fetal parameter monitored included mean viable fetal weight, mean of crown rump length and external fetal malformation. Finding included a considerable increase in the incidence of total resorptions especially in group EXP1 (P<0.01). Shortwave exposure; however, caused a significant incidence of fetal malformations throughout the gestation period especially a significant increase in the incidence of malformed fetuses in group EXP2. The results appeared to be caused by shortwave-induced hyperthermia and specific exposure time effects in the exposure groups.    

This research was a cross sectional study Which assessed and compared clients in per and Post-tubal Ligation in OPD of Hamadan Medical University. The subjects were 360 females. The required date and Information Were gathered Through a questionnaire which comprised 90 questions of Standardized SCL - 90 test. The Sampling had an easy method. The questionnaire was filled out before TL operation and months after. After date were analysed the outcomes Showed that mental probems of pre - TL was higher than post - TL and also mental problems of patients who were before TL were Lower. The patients who consulted. The psychologist before TL had fewer psychological problems.      

The anxiety induced by surgical operation and the preparation phase of anesthesia and surgery causes generalized physical stimulation, ending in a list of problems. Anesthesia prodrugs are a useful measure to lessen these problems. Fentanyl, one of objectives, is highly powerful in reducing the intensity of the untoward effects. In a quasi-experimental study designed to assess the effects of the drug, when introduced by mouth, and the time required for induction of anesthesia in surgical patients, 80 patients in the age range of 18 to 45 years were selected and divided in 2 groups by simple randomized sampling. Patients were admitted in an educational hospital of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. 20 minutes before the induction of surgery, the patients received 15 micrograms per kilogram of fentanyl in the case group, accompanied by a little sugar. The results showed significant difference regarding pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and anesthesia induction time between the two groups, suggesting the effects of the oral fentanyl. The results did not suggest any difference regarding diastolic blood pressure.    

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of topical 5-aminosalisilate (5ASA) in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in a double-blind cross over study. Sixty-six patients with RAS were randomly allocated to receive either 5ASA or placebo for one month following a one month baseline period Patients were then crossed over after two week wash-out period. Forty-two patients completed the study. All patients kept a daily record of pain, number, size, duration and localization of ulcers. The number of ulcers and the associated pain decreased between the first and second period (P < 0.05 Mann- Whitney U test) regardless of whether 5ASA or placebo was used. No significant differences were found between SASA and placebo with respect to recorded number, size, duration or pain of ulcers. Analysis of the first period only, as a double-blind trial, indicated that patient preference was for 5ASA with respect to pain and duration of ulcers. These data indicate that a double-blind cross-over study may not be a suitable method for investigating the effect of topical cream in RAS and that recording size, number and duration of ulcers on a daily basis may not be sensitive enough to reveal therapeutic differences. However 5ASA topical cream may be effective in the relief of pain and in decreasing the duration of ulcers in patients with RAS.      

In an open study, superficial and cutaneous mycoses in janbazan, a total number of 273 janbaz confined to the dormitories in Tehran had gone under study. Among these, 104 had suspected superficial and cutaneous infections (38.09%). In total, 23 janbaz were infected with Tinea versicolor (22.2%), 13 case with pityrosporosis (12.5%) and 4 case with Erythrasma (3.8%). The most Common infections appeared to be in ages ranging from 25-29 Years of age (45%). In this respect, dominacy of disease were as follows: T.V. (57.5%), P.O. (32.5%) and Erythrasma (10%). The most prominent location of infection on the body surfaces, due to Tinea versicolor, were neck (31 %), chest (26%), back (26%), arms (8%), axilla (6%) and abdomine (3%). Most common sites being infected with p.a. was The head (100%). Infection with Erythrasma appeared to be mostly on groin (75%) and axilla region (25%). The fungal elements isolated from the media (150 case) were Malassieza in 12 case isolated from bedsheet, 11 case (92%) and physiotherapeutic bed 1 case (8%) persent.      

Hematopoiesis could be affected by mustard gas. The present research was carried out on a group of chemical veterans who were exposed to mustard gas. We randomly selected 348 chemical veterans randomly and compared their cell blood counts and peripheral blood smears (PBS) with 377 healthy men. WEC and RBC parameters of 57 veterans compared with their previously recorded results obtained five years ago as well. The samples included absolute components of white and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and morphology of blood cells. The average number of RBC and hemoglobin of veterans comparing with controls have no meaningful differences, but in regards to previous counting, they were increased. WBC count, neutrophils and lymphocytes were less than control group. Twenty cases with atypical lymphocytes in their PBS have been found. Decrease in neutrophil count and increase in the number of neutropenia and also changing in red blood cells and lymphocyte shape may be related to committed stem cell involvement. Further studies on bone marrow cells and cell markers are needed to document this hypothesis.      

The importance of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface glycoconjugate have been emphesized in tissue differentiation, cellular migration, epithelial fusion and cellular polarity. Retina is a favourable model for cellular interactions and tissue differentiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ECM and glycoconjugate in tissue differentiation. For these purposes, 50 Wistar rats were chosen and vaginal plug recognized the day 0 of gestation. Embryos from day 11 to 20 of gestation and newborns from day 1 to 15 were collected. Tissue blocks sectioned serially (5-6µm) and histochemical staining (H-E, Alcian blue, pH=1 and pH=2.5, PAS, Alcian blue pH=5.8 by critical electrolyte concentration method with four different concentration of magnesium) and lectin histochemistry via PNA and sialidase digestion/ PNA method were carried out. The results showed the presence of Gal/GalNac and sialic acid in optical surfaces of RPE and developing photoreceptors. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between embryonic and postnatal days for both hyalorunic acid (P < 0.05) and neutral saccharides (P<0.05, P<0.01). It seems that secretion of ECM and cell surface glycoconjugate follow a spatiotemporal pattern and show the morphological events of organogenesis.      

War has always been a disaster. War inevitably leads not only to injury of a large number of soldiers but many civilians suffer casualties too. Well organized first aid and rapid evacuation from combat lines is a crucial factor for survival. Due to limited facilities and large number of causalities during combat times, triage and patient selection has a major role in outcome and has to be handled by experienced physicians. In the present article intensive resuscitative measures at different stages of field medical areas, namely battlefield, military medical stations, and field hospitals are discussed. Taking the Iraqi - Iranian war as a model. A proposed plan of anesthesia management in these high risk patients is given. During late war in Balkans (Bosnia, Hertzogovenia and Croatia) mortality rates of 2.2% in one series and 8.4% in another was reported and different causes of morbidity and mortality were sited. Because war is an unexpected unusual experiences that may only occur once in any generation we think that young medical doctors have to be well acquainted with war anesthesia care because it has an important impact on survival and improving outcome.    

Iran-Iraq war began in 1980 in a widespread front, located mostly in a warm climate (especially in summer). Both the people living there and the troops fighting during the war, had heat stroke morbidities due to excessive sunlight exposure. In a cross-sectional descriptive study, during 8 years period of war (1980-1987), among a total number of 184627 troops, 9477 cases had heat related complaints. The heat related problems were classified in 3 categories; namely heat fatigue (44.02%), heat exhaustion (49.47%) and heat stroke (6.49%). The first category of the disease was the least problematic entity, which was relieved by cold drink and resting at cool location. The second category was associated with water and electrolyte loss, which needed i.v. fluid therapy. The third group was relieved only by inhalational methods, cold blankets and gross i.v. therapy. The results suggest a relatively high incidence of heat related morbidities which need more medical attention and also more sophisticated studies to assess suitable therapeutic modalities.