KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2002 | Volume:7 | Issue:part 3|Papers Count:11

Hemiscorpius lepturuss habitat is in six southern provinces in IRAN and is considered as one of the most dangerous scorpion genera and a major cause of death by scorpion bite in khoozestan and hormozgan provinces. The most important clinical symptoms of this scorpion bite are deep necrotic wounds, ankylosis, temporary or permanent psychosis, hemolysis and kidney failure. Sever or mild hemolysis usually occurs afrer Hemiscorpious lepturus bite, and according to previous studies the sever form which more frequent among children is in the form of hemoglobinoria. In the present study,we investigated the effect of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom on human red blood cells in vitro. We also tried to show and compare the fragility effect of venom on RBC in different mammals other than human and avian species such as -" chicken. Our results show all blood groups of human were sensitive to the venom effect and were fragile. Among four mammals (cow, horse, sheep and goat) and chicken, the RBC of cow was the most sensitive and goat and chiken RBC showed less sensitivy to hemolysis.

The principal hazard of clostridia in humans is the lethal toxin production. In order to prevent food poisoning and botulism infection, the search for new methods to control bacterial growth, toxin production or its inactivation is necessary. In this investigation, the effect of copper sulfate, and incubation time on germination time of spore, growth and toxin production of clostridium botulium type A were studied. Samples with different concentrations of copper sulfate were inoculated with 106 cfu/ml spores, or with 107 cfu/ml bacterial suspension, anearobically incubated at 35°C, and thenafter analyzed for spore germination, outgrowth and toxin production. The results show that copper sulfate at 5 to 40 µg/ml concentration effectively increase germination and outgrowth of clostridium botulinum type A. and a protein which reacted with specific anti-botulinum toxin type A was produced; however, no toxicity was detected in presence of different concentrations of copper sulfate tubes. While elaboration of toxin occurred in control tubes, we found by measurement the amount of copper ion in samples that copper ions have been chilated with toxin and inactivated it.

Chronic otitis Media( CoM). is an inflammatory process within the middle ear cleft associated with irreversible tissue pathology. It may be active with continous suppurative or inactive with sequelae of a "burnt out" infecion. In order to determine the causative agents, aspiration of the middle ear exudate through the open perforation was performed in 88 petients with active chronic otitis media (8-70 years old). 116 isolates were recovered out of which too specimen (95%) were aerobically cultivable and the rest (5%)were negative. The most common isolated bacteria were Staphylococcuc Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeroginosa and other Pseudomonas spp, Enteric gram negative bacilli specially Proteus spp and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Antibacterial susceptibility tests showed that most of the isolates were resistant to current antibiotics which are recommended in treatment of CoM. 42% of the isolates were able to produce beta-Iactamase enzyme which was that examined by Iodometric method.

A collection of 82 wild type P. aeruginosa were obtained from different clinical sources (such as blood, stool, ear, burn and etc. . .). Pyocin typing of P. aeruginosa strains was performed as described by Fyfe and colleagues. Pyocin S2, a protease sensitive bacteriocin was produced by one of the endemic isolate which was named P.aeruginosa 42 A. Pyocin S2 production was induced by mitomycin C in an isolate which was able to produce the pyocin S2 in a small amount. The bacterial lysate was treated with 80% amonium sulfate solution and then proteins were precipitated by centrifugation. Pyocin S2 was purified by using ion exchange chromatography with CM-Sepharose CL-6B. Pyocin activity of the fractions was detected using the Govan spot testing method. The purity of active fraction was confirmed by using SDS- PAGE (10% acrylamide gel, staining with silver nitrate and coomassie stains). The results showed that one strain among the isolates produced pyocin S2. Mitomycin C (2 µg/m) induced the pyocin S2 production and increased its activity in this strain. In electrophoretic pattern (SDS - PAGE) a 74 KD single band was detected, indicating the purity of the pyocin S2 obtained and the precision of the extraction method.

Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in the earth crust and enters the body through drinking water, Industrial use, nutrients and antiacids. Aluminium poisoning causes wide range of disorders, and decrease the release of neurotransmitters through inhibition of Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels(VDCCS). The role of calcium on insulin release and its secretion has been considering. The experiments were performed to study the effect of high aluminium intake on male rats G.T.T. ( n=11). At first the animals were weighted and their F.B.S. tested. After consumption of oral glucose, their G.T.T. were also tested. Animals consumed a diet containing aluminium (16.2g/Kg diet) for 50 days. At the end of the experiment, F.B.S. and G.T.T. again were measured. The results show that the first F.B.S. and G.T.T. were 127±5.4 and 116.32±2.74mg/dl. After consuming a diet containing aluminium, F.B.S. and G.T.T. were 99.9±1.84and 140.8±3.36mg/dl. This study show that high aluminium intake increases G.T.T. and decreases the body weight in the rats. Further studies are needed to show the exact mechanism of aluminium ion on blood suger.

In 11 patients with osteoid osteoma localized in long bone of limbs, under general anesthesia (in one case spinal), we burred the sclerotic bone, curettaged the nidus, and excised a thin border of nidus by Hollow mill. The patients were observed clinically and radiologically with an average of 2 years and 11 months of follow-up (at least one year). There wasnot any recurrence and this procedure was curative in all patients. There was no complication except a postoperative pathological bone fracture. Trauma and technical error in surgery were considered as the main causes of the fracture. Internal fixator device (in 1 case), bone graft (in 1 case), and postoperative physiotherapy (in 1 case) were used. The mean duration of total hospital stay was 4.8 days (range 2-19) and the mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days (range 1-11). The mean duration of absence from work was 43 days (range 3-185). By the lesions in the lower extremity the mean duration of no-weight-bearing was 13.8 days (range 0-30) and of partial-weight-bearing was 35.8 days (range 14-60). Postoperatively, the patients returned to normal life activity, after a mean duration of 7 weeks.

In this study, we investigated the effects of sulfur mustard on immune and endocrine systems of 90 patients after 12 years of their exposure, and 30 healthy people (all males). The assay of humoral immunity contents (IgG, IgM. IgA, C3, and C4) was done by SRID method and the measurements of T3 and T4 were carried out by RID, and TSA assay by IRMI. All of the mentioned assays were applied on the three groups of the patients: mild, moderate and severe; and the results were compared with normal population using SPSS program. our finding about IgG (P=0.001) and serum IgM showed significant variations with elevated values for IgG and little decrease for IgM (P=0.0002). Serum IgA values showed no significant differences between groups (P=0.363). Serum C4 was increased but there wasnot any significant difference in the patients compared with normal group (P=0.0222). Disorder existed in IgG up regulation suppression on native B cell creation in bone marrow. Hyperactivity in the macrophages (complement synthesis) along with auto-antibody phenomena in some tissues may occur because of sulfur mustards destructive effects on humoral immune system. our survey also show significant variation along with an increase on FT41 (P=0.0001)and FT31 (P=0.00060) as well as TT3 (P=0.0031), while the assay of TT4 decreased with significantly (0.0001). High elevated amount with significant variation were seen in T3 resin uptake (P=0.0134). TSH assays showed a trivial decrease between patients and normal population. Disorders in thyroid hormone secretion were attributed to Euthyroid Sick Syndrome.

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of back surgery with many morbidities, recurrence, bone-regrowth and mortality after surgery. To evaluate the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises on lumbar, abdominal, knee extensor and flexor muscles in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) management, pain severity and maximal walking time was determined in 61 patients who had pseudocluadication and weakness on physical examination. LSS had been confirmed by MRI. Stretching and strengthening exercises were done by physiotherapists at hospital clinic for 10 days and then were continued at home. 38 patients continued out of their exercises at home for 4 months. Mter physiotherapy at hospital clinic, 56 patients from 61 (92%) had good pain recovery and increased maximal walking time (P<0.001).The continued home exercises in 38 patients had consistently pain improved recovery and increased walking time (P<0.001). we conclude that stretching and strengthening exercises are valuable conservative managments in LSS for pain relief and increase walking endurance and quality of life without surgical intervention.

Cesarean section is an alternative method for vaginal delivery with limited indications, although its prevalence significantly has increased in recent years, due to various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of cesarean indication and evaluate some of the most effective factors. We designed a retrospective descriptive study. Women who refereed to Baghiyatollah hospital during the year 1378 were recruited (3572 cases). Patients demographic factors and some other factors playing a role in shaping the cesarean decision were examined by questionnaire. In total, 1869 caesarian section was reported (53.3%). Its worth nothing that caesarian sections accounted for 71.2% of the total number of gyneco-obstetric surgeries. Peak of cesarean delivery was in maternal age 25-31. Repeat cesarean was the most important indication for cesarean and feto-pelvic-tlisproportion and prolonged labor were the second condition. High rate of cesarean could be the significant effects of factors such as higher ages, and painless delivery. Education of health care providers and legal support may reduce the incidence of cesarean section.

Test-anxiety has been concerned as a main school problem. Many research has been investigated the effects of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy models on school performance. The present study has compared the effect of cognitive psychotherapy techniques (CPT) with systematic desensitization technique (SDT) on reducing the test anxiety in high school students. Two main questions of the study were as follows: 1) do the CPT and SDT technique reduce the test anxiety, and 2) whether or not these techniques have similar effects on test anxiety or they reveal significant differences? Fifty seven students with a high score on anxiety questionnaire and without any marked psychological or physical problem, were selected from a girl high school. Subjects were divided into three matched group including two groups as the experimantal groups and the third one was considered as the control group. The first experimental group received the cognitive psychotherapy techniques for a period of 12 weeks, while the second one received the systematic sensitization technique. The results revealed that for both experimental groups the test anxiety mean scores were significantly lower than the scores of the control group. However, significant differences were not found between the cognitive and desensitization techniques. Moreover, the effects of both techniques were stable in a period of one month follow-up. The results reveal that both psychotherapy techniques have positive and significant effects on test-anxiety level of students.

In Balkan and Persian Gulf wars, western forces took great advantage using Depleted Uranium (DU) in addition to their conventional weapons. Accordining to official reports, at least 320 tons of DU were used in southern areas of Iraq during persian Gulf war; and it is assumed that about 800,000 tons of unused DU exist in the world. on the other hand, day by day, eagerness of using this material as a new weapon increases. Determination of scattered radioactive material in biological environment is not possible and even permissible; and its users deny every adverse effects on human and ecosystem and therefore they do not propose any decontamination program. This time, it seems that human being is exposed to a great long-lasting biological contamination by uranium. we can see its reflections as epidemics of leukemia and congenital malformations in Iraq and Balkan territories. In this article, chemical and radiological adverse effects due to usage of DU weapons are discussed.