KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2010 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Aims: Mucosal ischemia is partially responsible for induction of stress related erosive gastritis. Short duration pre-exposure of rats to hyperoxic environment can reduce the ischemic injury of some tissues. In this study, the effect of oxygen pretreatment on stress related erosive gastritis was evaluated in rats.Materials & Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided to 8 groups (5 samples in each) after 24 hours of no access to food. One group was positive control. Negative control group samples were subjected to water stress after being in room air. 6 other groups were placed in nearly pure oxygen box for 1, 2 or 3 hours; then, samples of 3 groups immidiately (early effects) and samples of 3 other groups after 24 hours (late effects) were subjected to water stress. For inducing stress and gastric ulcers, animals were placed for 3.5 hours in 23oC water. At the end, mean number of gastric ulcers and mean total surface of that were compared.Results: The mentioned water strain stress resulted to inducing multiple obvious ulcers in gastric mucosa; so there was a significant difference between the number of ulcers in negative control and other groups, but oxygen pretreatment had no effect in reducing the number of ulcers or total surface of them.Conclusion: No one of oxygen pretreatment times are able to induce an early or late preconditioning like effect in rat gastric mucosa against water strain stress induced injury.

Aims: Although reperfusion is a valuable method for the survival of ischemic heart, it has additional deleterious effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preconditioning effect of phenylephrine on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to assess the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) and permeability transition pore (mPTP) in rat heart.Materials & Methods: Anesthetized rat heart was isolated and perfused with Krebs buffer in Langendorff apparatus. In control group, only the surgery procedure was performed. In second group, 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In third group, phenylephrine was perfused 10 min before I/R. Forth an fifth groups were like third but respectively received 5-HD (100 mmol/l) and Atr (20 mmol/l). In sixth group, phenylephrine was injected intraperitoneally 24 hours before I/R. Seventh an eighth groups were like sixth but respectively received 5-HD and Atr. Results: Performing I/R cause the level of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CKMB (creatine kinase-MB) heart enzymes to increase in the coronary effluent collected in 5 and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Preconditioning with phenylephrine reduced the enzyme level and using 5-HD and Atr abolished the effect of phenylephrine.Conclusion: Phenylephrine preconditioning induces early and late cardioprotection via opening of mitoKATP channel and inhibition of mPTP in the isolated rat hearts.

Aims: In this study, the protective effect of WIN 55212-2 (CB1 receptor agonist) and its interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in diazinon-induced toxcicity in PC12 cells was evalued.Materials & Methods: In this study, PC12 maintained in DMEM+F12 culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovin serum. The cells were treated with diazinon (200 mM) in the presence or absence of WIN 55212-2 (0.1 mM), NMDA (100 mM), AM251 and MK801 (1 mM) in 15 minutes intervals. After 48 hours of exposure, cells viability and morphology were evaluated by MTS kit and invert light microscope, respectively.Results: Following the exposure of PC12 cells to diazinon (200 mM), a reduction in cell survival was observed (p<0.001). Treatment of the cells with WIN 55212-2 (0.1 mM) and NMDA (100 mM) prior to diazinon exposure, significantly elevated cell survival (p<0.01). Also, AM 251 (1 mM) did not inhibit cell survival increase induced by WIN 55212-2 (P<0.001). However, MK801(1 mM) inhibited cell survival increase induced by NMDA (p<0.001). Conclusion: WIN 55212-2 and NMDA protect PC12 cells against diazinoninduced toxicity.

Aims: Menopause is due to gradual cessation of ovarian function and is accomplished with diminishing of sexual steroids level that can create significant vasomotor instability in women. Steroids can also make some changes in activity of the brain and even the morphology og glial and neuron cells. In this study, the effect of contraceptive drugs on the progesterone concentration and body weight were examined.Materials & Methods: 64 female rats weighting 250±50g were maintained in equal dark-light cycles and had access to food and water without limitation. Stages of estrous cycle were monitored by daily vaginal examination. Animals were divided into 6 control, witness group for Tomoxifen, Tomoxifen, witness group for contraceptive drug, contraceptive drug (recieved 3 doses by oral administration) and aging (that were not fertile) groups. Blood samples were collected from heart, prior to animal cutthanization. Serum progesterone was determined using RIA method. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Duncan's test as Post-hoc test. Results: 4 weeks after treatment the estrous cycle disappeared in tomoxifen group. Serum progesterone in tomoxifen group and dose 2 and dose 3of contraceptive groups and aged group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control and witness groups. Body weight in dose 2 and dose 3 contraceptive drug increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control and witness groups.Conclusion: High doses of contraceptive drug may be one of the causes of premature menopause.

Aims: The best method of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of two approaches of medial parapatellar and subvastus in total knee arthroplasty.Materials & Methods: 40 knee osteoarthritis patients were divided into two groups by using random allocation. 20 patints were undergone medial parapatellar (classic) and 20 other patients subvastus approach. Range of motion, the ability of knee extension from 30 degrees of flexion, the ability of weight bearing walking and pain using visual analog scale were assessed. The visits were performed before operation, after operation and 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and one year after operation. Results: There was a statistically significant difference regarding range of motion between two groups after one year (108.7±7.5 degrees in classic group and 122.6±26.6 degrees in subvastus group; p= 0.003). Pain was statistically significant between two groups after one year (1.4±0.8 in classic group and 0.2±0.5 in subvastus group; p<0.001). Mean of ability of extension from 30 degrees of flexion was zero in subvastus and 3.5±2.8 in classic group (p<0.001).Conclusion: Subvastus approach allows faster usage of the knee joint and is a less invasive method than medial parapatellar approach.

Aims: Hernia repair is one of the most frequent surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and complications of three different surgery methods.Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 90 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia who were hospitalized in one of the Tehran city hospitals from March 2004 to February 2008 were evaluated. Patients were analyzed in three equal groups of properitoneal anterior approach (Rives), hernioraphy and open anterior (Lichtenstein). At least 12 months after inguinal hernia repair, quality of life of patients were evaluated with SF-36 questionnaire. Other important variables of after surgery complications such as hematoma, surgical site infection, pain level one year after surgery, testicular atrophy, recurrent hernia and groin numbness also was studied.Results: Quality of life score (physical and mental health) of patients in hernioraphia group were significantly lower than other groups. Level of pain after one year from surgery in hernioraphy group and anesthesia in surgery location after one year from surgery in Lichtenstein group was more than other groups. Postoperative recurrence was not observed in Rives, but there was one case in Liechtenstein and 4 in hernioraphy group. Surgical site infection and hematoma were higher in hernioraphy group but the difference was not significant. Patient satisfaction from the performed surgery was lower in hernioraphy group than the other two groups.Conclusion: hernioraphy method cause to lower quality of life and more subsequent complications than Liechtenstein and Rives methods.

Aims: Occupational infection of blood borne pathogens is an important health problem in the world. Health care workers don't considered treatment of needle stick and sharps injuries. Thos study was performed to analyze the prevalence of blood borne diseases after needle stick or sharp injury.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done by census sampling method in an educational hospital of Tehran during 2009. 112 staff with history of needle sticks and sharp injury recruited to this study and demographic data and history of HBV vaccination was recorded for each person. 5ml of blood was taken from each person and examined for HBsAb, HBcAb, HBsAg, HIV and HCVAb. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS 13. Results: The harmful instrument was hollow needle in 62 samples (55.3%) and angiocut in 31 samples (27.7%). In 94 samples (83.9%) the hand was injured. The most injured group was nurses (79 samples). 108 samples (96.4%) had history of HBV vaccination and 21 samples (18.8%) were vaccinated after the injury. Results of HBsAg and HBsAb tests of 3 samples (2.6%) were positive. Conclusion: Hospital staff should be considered to complete their vaccination program against viral hepatitis. Nurses should be implicated standard precaution and in the end of any work, sharp devices should be putted on especial protected boxes.

Aims: Labor pain is from the most sever pains of human. Sever and uncontrolled labor pain lead to undesirable side effect for mother and embryo. Despite of different kind of analgesic drug usage, labor pain management is yet one of the health-treatment difficulties. This study was performed to determine the effect of right hand hegu acupressure on labor pain intensity on primiparous women in the first stage of labor.Materials & Methods: This randomizes clinical trial study with control group was administrated in 70 parturient women that were randomly assigned to two hegu acupressure and control groups. Interventions were done in 4-5, 6-7 and 8-10 cm of dilatations of cervix and in the period of 6 uterine contractions. Data was collected by numerical rating scale and analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon methods. Results: There was not a significant difference between mother’s age, education level, occupation, status of pregnency (wanted or unwanted), contraction pattern (number, duration and intensity), bishop score, strengthening the labor with oxytocin and baby's weight in two groups. After the first intervention the mean of pain score reducing was -3.06 in hegu and -0.43 in control group (p<0.001). After the second intervention the mean of pain score reducing was -3.46 in hegu and -0.23 in control group (p<0.001). After the third intervention, the mean of pain score reducing was -3.31 in hegu and -0.23 in control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Acupressure on hegu point is effective on labor pain decreasing. Continuing the acupressure cause to increasing of labor pain reliefing.

Aims: The primary open-angle glaucoma is the most prevalent glaucoma that cause to progressive and bilateral visual loss. According to that the trabeculectomy is the most frequent used filtering operation for intraocular pressure reduction and is the gold standard, this study was performed to evaluate the indications, complications and outcomes of trabeculectomy.Materials & Methods: This interventional study was done in 100 valenteer patients (156 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma in optometry clinics of Yazd University of Medical Sciences hospitals from April, 2004 to March, 2007. Sampling was sequential and patients were follow for 3 to 38 months. Data was analyzed with paired T test method.Results: Medical treatment failure for IOP control is the main indication of trabeculectomy (29.4%). In about 14.3 months of following up, 91% of trabeculectomies were completely or partialy successful. The mean of pressure reduced from 29.7 to 15.6 mmHg. Intra-operative complications were seen in 10.2% of patients. Early post-operative complications were seen in 51.3% of patients. Late post-operative complications were seen in 39.8% of patients. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is useful for controlling IOP and maitaning and improving visual acuity in cases that patients don’t answer to drug treatment or drug treatment cause decreasing of visual acuity and viewing field and cup enlargement in them or by any reason are unsatisfied with medication.

Aims: The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) is over 84% all life. Mechanical chronic LBP (mechanical CLBP) is the leading cause of LBP that have a multifactorial cause, which includes functional instability, abnormal posture and emotional stress. This study compared acupuncture with oral piroxicam in pain and improvement of daily living activity in mechanical CLBP.Materials & Methods: In a randomized trial, 52 patients with mechanical CLBP were recruited from physicomedical and rehabilitation clinics and classified into two acupuncture (2 sessions per week) and oral Piroxicam (30 mg/day) treatment groups for 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for pain intensity (by visual analogue scale) and daily living activity before treatment, after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment.Results: Average differences of pain between two groups before treatment, after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were 1.12±0.11, 3.33±0.03 and 3.11±0.24, respectively (p<0.005). Averages of pain in acupuncture group before treatment, after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were 7.39±0.42, 3.88±0.96 and 3.02±0.53 (p<0.005) and in Piroxicam group were 6.22±0.61, 5.85±0.93 and 4.91±0.28, respectively (p=0.105). The difference of averages of daily living activity was significant between two groups.Conclusion: Acupuncture is more effective than oral piroxicam in reducing pain intensity and daily living activity improvement of patients with mechanical chronic low back pain.