Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:1|Papers Count:20

Background: Many pharmacological agents may lead to kidney damage. Preventing nephrotoxicity reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing hospitalization costs.Objectives: In this study, we investigated the comparative nephroprotective effects of silymarin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and thymoquinone (TQ) in animal models (rats) in which we induced nephrotoxicity using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the experimental animals center of Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey, in 2015. Thirty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. We defined five experimental groups and treated them for four weeks. The first group (n=8) was given no medicine. The second group (n=8) was given only CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally (IP), in olive oil, twice a week). The third group (n=6) was given TQ (10 mg/kg, IP, in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg). The fourth group (n=8) was given silymarin (100 mg/kg, IP, in DMSO, daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg), while the fifth group (n=8) was given NAC (10 mg/kg, IP, daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg). The kidneys of all the rats in every group were evaluated histologically using light microscopic methods at the end of the fourth week. A grading scheme was used to score the histological alterations related to tubular injury: absent (-), mild (+), moderate (++), severe (+++), and quite severe (++++).Results: In terms of the mean values of tubular damage, the first group had a mean of 0.0, the second group had 3.88±0.35, the third group had 1.00 ± 0.89, the fourth group had 2.13 ± 1.13, and the fifth group had 2.75 ± 1.04. The results showed that, histopathologically, CCl4 had quite a severe toxic effect on the tubules when compared to the control group, although the glomeruli were intact. Silymarin, TQ, and NAC all showed statistically significant nephroprotective effects (P<0.01). However, of the three, TQ was the most powerful nephroprotective agent (P<0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, we suggest that TQ may be used as a prophylactic agent against nephrotoxicity, especially in instances of tubular injury. However, human-based studies are still needed.

Introduction: Renal angiomyolipoma (RAML), is a rare, benign tumor arising from renal mesenchymal cells. Frequently, it is asymptomatic and found incidentally. Spontaneous rupture with consequent retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an uncommon but catastrophic complication of RAML.Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of a ruptured RAML with a massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage, seen at the emergency department following a minor trauma. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a left RAML with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. An angiography was performed and then a transarterial embolization. Cessation of bleeding and clinical stabilization occurred without deterioration of renal function.Conclusions: In hemodynamically stable patients with a ruptured RAML, early detection by CT followed by selective arterial embolization may be lifesaving.

Background: Since injury-related mortality is preventable, identifying factors that inversely affect trauma outcome are important initial steps towards reducing injury burden.Objectives: This study aims to determine independent risk factors of early/late in-hospital mortality among adult trauma victims with equal injury characteristics and severity at Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Hospital during 2013 and 2014.Patients and Methods: Across-sectional study of adult trauma patients (age³15 years) sustaining injury through traffic accidents, violence, and unintentional incidents was conducted. Information was retrieved from three hospital administrative databases. Data on demographics, injury mechanisms, injured body regions, injury descriptions, outcomes of hospitalization, and development of nosocomial infections were recorded. Injury severity score was calculated by cross walking from international classification of diseases (ICD-10) injury diagnosis codes to abbreviated injury scale (AIS-98) severity codes. Two multiple logistic regression models were employed to reflect the partial effect of each covariate on early (within 48 hours) and late (beyond 48 hours) deaths.Results: There were 47, 295 hospitalized patients (male/female ratio: 2.7: 1.0) with a median age of 30 years (interquartile range 23 - 44 years). A crude mortality rate of 1% (454 cases) was observed and 52% of deaths occurred within 48 hours of hospital arrival. One percent developed a nosocomial infection in the course of admission. After adjusting for covariates, sustaining a thoracic injury (OR 8.5, 95% CI [4.7 - 15.2]), ISS over 16 (OR 6.4, 95% CI [3.6 - 11.4]) and age over 65 years (OR 5.1, 95% CI [3.0 - 8.8]) were the most important independent risk factors of early trauma death. Presence of a hospital-acquired infection (OR 12.7, 95% CI [8.9 - 18.1]), age over 65 years (OR 7.4 95% CI [4.5 - 12.1]), and ISS of more than 16 (OR 14.6, 95% CI [6.2 - 34.3]) were independent predictors of late death.Conclusions: Age, injury severity, injured body region, and hospital-acquired infections are important determinants of trauma outcome in our center. Timely recognition of factors affecting trauma mortality is crucial for monitoring changes of trauma quality of care. Our findings suggest the need to allocate resources for trauma prevention along with a potential focus on reducing in hospital complications.

Background: Patients today are required to understand more and more complex health information, and to navigate increasingly complex health systems. As a result, they need to develop skills such as finding, processing, understanding, and applying information about health issues, which has been conceptualized as health literacy (HL). Assessing HL is critical to providing meaningful health information to patients.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the cultural adaptation and the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the functional, communicative and critical health literacy (FCCHL) scales measuring three aspects of HL among type 2 diabetic patients.Patients and Methods: We conducted a methodological survey of 187 patients with type 2 diabetes using a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in two phases: the first phase was designed to obtain a cross-cultural equivalent of the FCCHL scales, based on Beaton’s guidelines. In the second phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified three main factors with 27.07%, 22.46%, and 16.23% of extracted variance, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) completely supported the three-factor model of the HL scales. Internal consistency was approved for the total scale (a=0.82) and for the functional, communicative, and critical subscales (a=0.91, 0.80, and 0.76, respectively). Convergent validity analysis indicated a significant positive correlation (r=0.45; P<0.01) between the scores on the functional HL scales and the Iranian version of the Short Test of Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), which was to be expected.Conclusions: We concluded that the FCCHL scales are valid and reliable, and can be used to measure health literacy among Iranian diabetic patients. However, further research is needed to establish stronger psychometric properties for the use of this questionnaire in Iran.

Dear Editor: Migraine, defined as a recurrent unilateral pulsatile headache, which is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, and photophobia, is a major cause of chronic headaches. It has been ranked the eight most disabling disorder, and its prevalence is higher in females (17% vs.6%) (1).

Background: Many people are concerned with the problems and side effects caused by increased levels of fast food (FF) consumption, especially among adolescents. Several studies have assessed the problems of FF consumption particularly weight gain and obesity. However, few address the methods, strategies, and policies needed to reduce this issue.Objectives: This study aims to explore parent and stakeholder views and perspectives on the means to reduce adolescent FF consumption.Patients and Methods: The present paper is based on original research conducted from June to December 2012. In this study, 19 participants were selected using purposive sampling. Their experiences and perspectives were explored using in-depth semi structured interviews; a thematic content analysis with a conventional approach was conducted to analyze the data. Using this approach, the transcripts were coded openly, and subcategories and categories were chosen based on similarities. Subsequently, themes were defined at a more abstract level.Results: Three main themes were identified as approaches and strategies suggested by parents and stakeholders to reduce FF consumption. These included culture building, supporting healthy eating styles, and controlling and supervising healthy eating styles.Conclusions: Based on the extracted themes, some interventions can be suggested to reduce FF consumption among young people. A holistic approach that incorporates a change of culture, social support, and supervision is promising. Further quantitative studies are also recommended.

Background: MicroRNAs have recently been introduced as epigenetic regulators of glucose and lipid metabolic pathways, which are impaired in obesity and diabetes.Objectives: We evaluated the effects of calorie-restricted diet therapy on the circulating levels of miR-33b and miR-29a in relationship to glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This randomized clinical controlled trial was performed on 30 eligible obese women with T2DM, randomly divided into two groups (control group, n=15; diet therapy group, n=15) for 10 weeks. Ten healthy women with normal weight were enrolled at the baseline of the study as controls. Demographic information, dietary intake, and anthropometric and biochemical indices were obtained before and after the study. Circulating miR-33b and miR-29a were assessed for all subjects using quantitative RT-PCR, and the fold change of each circulating miRNA was compared between groups.Results: The circulating levels of miR-29a and miR-33b in the diabetic women were higher (0.40-fold) and lower (1.43-fold), respectively, than normal levels. Diet therapy significantly increased the circulating level of miR-33b (P=0.023, 0.97-fold upregulation) to normal levels. This increase was independently correlated with caloric restriction (95%CI: -0.004 to -0.0001, P=0.022) and 2hPPBS (95%CI: -0.009 to -0.001, P=0.035). No remarkable change was observed in circulating levels of miR-29a.Conclusions: Our findings introduced a novel therapeutic effect of diet therapyoncirculatingmiRNAsin obese patients with T2DM. MiR-33b is an important therapeutic target in the treatment and prevention of T2DM and its complications.

Background: Increased physical activity is associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer; however, the exact mechanism of the reduction is not yet completely known.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of six months of aerobic exercise on the plasma interleukin (IL) -6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels as breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women.Patients and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. We randomly assigned 41 postmenopausal, sedentary women aged 50 to 74 to either an exercise or a control group. The intervention involved facility-based aerobic exercise (three days/week, at 70 - 80% of the maximum heart rate, for six months).Results: Twenty-seven women completed the study. The plasma IL-6 level decreased by 21.3% in the exercisers and by 6.9% in the controls, and the intervention effect was significant (P=0.001). The plasma TNF-a level decreased by 17.1% and 10.8% in the exercisers and controls, respectively, although the effect of exercise was not statistically significant (P=0.28). Overall, long-term aerobic exercise may result in a decreased IL-6 concentration.Conclusions: We suggest that regular aerobic exercise can favorably alter the inflammatory profile, which is a known risk factor in breast cancer development, in postmenopausal women.

Background: Pruritus during dialysis is a common complaint among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Despite progress in medical science and technology in the field of hemodialysis, there is still no cure for pruritus.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cool dialysate on the severity of pruritus during hemodialysis of patients with chronic renal failure.Patients and Methods: This study was a two-group, triple-blinded randomized clinical trial, with a parallel design. It consisted of 60 patients with chronic renal failure who were receiving hemodialysis at hemodialysis centers in Mashhad. The patients were divided into two equal groups: 30 patients in an intervention group and 30 patients in a control group. Initially, the patients in both groups underwent dialysis for one week (three sessions) with a standard dialysis solution (temperature of 37oC). In the next phase, the control group received the standard dialysis solution, whereas the intervention group received a cool dialysis solution (35.5oC) for one week (three sessions). The severity of pruritus was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS), with itching scored from 0 - 10 on an hourly basis during the dialysis sessions.Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant between-group difference in the severity of pruritus (P<0.05). After the intervention, the severity of pruritus was significantly reduced (reduction of 3 points, itching score range of 0 - 10) (P<0.0001).Conclusions: Dialysis with cool dialysate is a simple and cheap nondrug method, which was readily accepted by the patients. This method could significantly reduce the severity of pruritus in patients during dialysis.

Background: Obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet therapy is the cornerstone in the management of obesity and T2DM.Objectives: We evaluated the effects of calorie-restricted diet therapy on the circulating level of the serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin in obese women with T2DM.Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical controlled trial was performed for 10 weeks on 30 eligible obese T2DM women distributed to control (n=15) and diet therapy (n=15) groups. Demographic, nutritional, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained before and after the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS vs.15 and Nutritionist IV.Results: In addition to anthropometric measurements, diet therapy independently improved fasting blood sugar (P=0.024, -69.37 to -5.57 mg/dL), 2-h postprandial blood sugar (P=0.007, -123.34 to -22.3 mg/dL), serum total cholesterol (P=0.005, -46.48 to -9.72 mg/dL), serum alanine transaminase (P=0.001, -8.91 to -3.18 U/L), and increased circulating adiponectin (P=0.038, 0.01 to 0.47 mg/mL).Conclusions: Improvement of biomarkers of insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin and lipid metabolism, is an important therapeutic effect of medical nutrition therapy in obese patients with T2DM.

Background: It is especially true that prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide and it is probably because of changes in diet and physical behavior pattern.Objectives: The current study aimed to test the effect of weight loss program on overweight and obese females based on protection motivation theory.Methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was implemented in the form of single blind. In total, 150 females with overweight and obesity were randomly divided into three groups including: 1, standard program group; 2, motivation interviewing (MI) group and; 3, motivation interviewing (MI) and intention intervention (II) condition (50 subjects in each group). They participated in a randomized clinical trial, also attended a private nutrition clinic in Gorgan city (Golestan province, North of Iran) for the first time. A researcher-made questionnaire and participant’s sheets (including three days food recall and anthropometric traits) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver.11) and statistical tests including Kruskal-Wallis, One-way ANOVA, Friedman test, Tukey test, Paired T-test and linear regression model were employed.Results: The mean age of females was 38.45±9.49 years, most of them had academic degree 46.7% (n=70), 78.7% (n=118) were married and 60.7% (n=91) were housewives. ANOVA repeated measure test showed that daily energy intake decreased two (P=0.001) and six months (P=0.001), weight (P=0.007) and body mass index (BMI) (0.005) after intervention. Threat appraisal statistically differed six months after intervention (P=0.001).Conclusions: Motivational interviewing resulted in decreased daily energy intake, anthropometric characteristics as well as augmented scores of coping and threat appraisal.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that is spreading very quickly worldwide and is second in priority for investigation of chronic diseases. According to research, self-efficacy is low in diabetic patients.Objectives: This study analyzes the effect of empowerment programs on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes patients.Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who had inclusion criteria were chosen randomly and divided into control and experimental groups by a randomized block method. Intervention was accomplished through educational sessions scheduled twice a week for four weeks. Diabetes self-efficacy questionnaires were completed before and two months after the intervention for each group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 and the Mann Whitney U, chi-square, exact Fisher’s, and t-test statistical tests.Results: Before intervention, the mean score of self-efficacy was45±14.49and39.61±17.01 for the experimental and control groups, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P=0.1). Two months after the intervention, the mean of self-efficacy was 55.71±13.25 and 40.24±17.55 for experimental and control groups, respectively; and the difference was significant (P<0.001).Conclusions: Using an empowerment program had positive effects on self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is overexpressed in many kinds of cancers, and is related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The molecular mechanism of Skp2 in the regulation of bladder cancer cell biological behavior after Skp2 expression knockdown, however, has remained unknown.Objectives: In our present studies (experimental cytobiological studies, we used an RNAi approach to knock down Skp2 expression, and studied its impact on cell proliferation and invasion of T24 cells.Materials and Methods: The expression of the Skp2 gene was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) in T24 cells. The transcription level of Skp2 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. The expression of Skp2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and p27 (p27Kip1) were measured by western blot assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. Cell invasion analysis was performed by a matrigel transwell assay. We also detected the level of MMP2 (metalloproteinase-2) and MMP9 (metalloproteinase-9) in cell culture medium by ELISA.Results: The levels of Skp2 mRNA in the negative control group (0.911±0.073) and the blank control group (0.940±0.046) was significantly higher than Skp2 RNAi group (0.185±0.033) (P<0.001). The levels of Skp2 protein in the negative control group (0.907±0.049) and the blank control group (0.925±0.042) was significantly higher than Skp2 RNAi group (0.220±0.047) (P<0.001). The proliferation and invasion of T24 cells were significantly inhibited in vitro upon Skp2 RNAi treatment.Conclusions: The proliferation and invasion of human bladder cancer cells can be inhibited by RNAi-targeting Skp2. As a result, Skp2 may be a potential target for gene therapy in cases of human bladder cancer.

Background: Sufficient evidence is lacking about patient safety culture in Iran. It is only by focusing on the culture of safety within healthcare and treatment institutes that improvements may be made in patient care services.Objectives: The present study aimed to examine patient safety culture and factors that affect that culture in two hospitals in Tehran city.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two government teaching hospitals (135- and 650-bed hospitals) in Tehran city in February of 2013 using a proportional stratified sampling method. The participants completed questionnaires with questions concerning their demographics and patient safety culture.Results: Overall, the study participants rated patient safety culture within their healthcare institutions at 64.7%. The highest and lowest patient safety culture subscales were 73.8% and 50.1% for “teamwork within units” and “staffing,” respectively. According to the findings, hospital size (P<0.001) and hospital area (P<0.001) had a significant relationship with patient safety culture.Conclusions: Given that “Staffing” was the lowest rated element in patient safety culture, improving this element could help to increase patient safety culture in hospitals in Tehran.

Introduction: The relationship between ovulation induction and ovarian cancer is an important issue in gynecology.Case Presentation: The studied patient was a 32-year-old G1P1 woman with abdominal pain who was diagnosed with a large ovarian cyst during ovulation induction, which could possibly raise the risk of ovarian torsion. She had a 2-year secondary infertility and had received three cycles of ovulation induction with letrozole 6 months earlier. An emergency laparoscopy showed large complex ovarian cysts without torsion. We then performed a cystectomy. Based on the pathology report revealing a primary ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, the patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.Conclusions: The emergence of a suspected ovarian cyst during letrozole-induced ovulation is of great importance and needs to be investigated.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is one of the most common cause of neurological impairment at a young age with a complex etiology. The forkhead/winged helix (FOXP3) gene encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the working and progress of regulatory T cells. Loss of the FOXP3 function impairs the suppressor activity of regulatory T (T-reg) cells, which have been reported in MS patients.Objectives: To determine whether rs2232365 and rs3761548 polymorphisms of FOXP3 are associated with the risk of MS in an Iranian population.Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 384 samples consisting of 190 MS patients and 194 unrelated healthy subjects from the Iranian population were recruited between December 2014 and September 2015. The patients were diagnosed by a neurologist based on McDonald’s criteria. The control group had no history or presence of autoimmune diseases. The polymorphisms were genotyped using tetra-ARMS PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques.Results: The Rs2232365 G allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of MS (P=0.0068). In contrast, the allele and genotype frequencies of rs3761548 was not significantly different between the case and control groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: The functional variant of the FOXP3, rs2232365 A/G, may be considered a substantial risk factor for MS.

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of injuries and the second cause of mortality in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological pattern of RTIs in Iran based on the data from disaster management information system (DMIS) of the Iranian Red Crescent. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pattern of RTIs in Iran was studied based on the data from DMIS in the period from 20 March 2012 to 19 February 2016 (35 months). All of the 78775 RTIs recorded were selected through census. Data analysis was done using the SPSS. 16 software package. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 19 types of accidents whose data are recorded, road traffic accidents with a 78775 number of occurrence (136. 1  86. 5 per 100000 people), 186860 injuries (332. 1 220 per 100000 people) and 12596 deaths (22. 6 11. 1 per 100000 people) were the highest in ranking. The most common annunciator of the accidents was the emergency. Receiving the first report of the rescue operation was most done by telephone. The mean number of the operational forces involved in RTIs per 100000 people was 529. 2  407. The results showed that there was a significant difference between high, moderate and low population rate provinces in the mean number of injuries cases, the mortality of RTIs and the total number of Red Crescent operational forces (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Considering the high occurrence of the mortality and the injuries of the RTIs compared to that of the other types of accidents, more attention to RTIs in planning and interventions seems necessary.

Background: Saddle nose deformities mostly result from trauma. Most reports of saddle nose correction after trauma relate to isolated fractures, but in this article the experience of the authors is presented in relation to bone grafting for the correction of the saddle nose in multiple facial fracture patients.Objectives: The current study aimed to report the results of a protocol for choosing the source of bone graft for dorsal nasal bone grafting in acute trauma patients with multiple facial fractures.Patients and Methods: In a retrospective study, archived files of maxillofacial trauma patients who were treated between 2005 and 2012 at Mashhad Emdad hospital (a level one trauma center) were reviewed. Cases were selected in which a traumatic saddle nose deformity concomitant with other facial fractures had been corrected with dorsal nasal bone grafting. The donor site, type of fixation, access to the dorsum of the nose, associated facial fractures, shape of the graft (cantilever or L-shaped), and plane of dissection in the dorsum of the nose (sub periosteal or subcutaneous) were assessed.Results: There were 11 patients treated using this method. The male-to-female ratio was 7: 5. One miniscrew with the lag technique was the preferred method for the fixation of the dorsal nasal bone graft. Splitcalvarial bone graft was the most commonly used type of bone graft. An open rhinoplasty approach and maxillary degloving were two commonly used incisions, and the most commonly associated fractures were maxillary Lefort fractures. The cantilever design was used in eight patients for the correction of the saddle nose deformity, and in four patients the bone graft was inserted into the nose in the subcutaneous plane.Conclusions: Saddle nose reconstruction with bone graft in multiple facial fracture patients is a predictable method if surgical accesses to the region are carefully designed, considering the accompanying fractures.

Background: The benefits of the addition of L-carnitine to the diet of cats to control weight gain after the removal of their ovaries have been highlighted recently. It is also used in women after menopause. Whether its supplementation alters the sexual hormones is a concern.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on estrogen, progesterone and testosterone in cats following ovariohysterectomy.Methods: Conventional midline ovariohysterectomy was performed in 14 DSH adult and healthy female cats.10 days after the surgery, the cats were divided into two groups randomly. In group 2, a single dose of 100 mg/kg/day L-carnitine was added to the regular diet for 50 days. The cats in group 1 received no L-carnitine in their diet. Blood samples were taken from all cats prior to surgery, and then again 10 and 60 days post-operatively. Serum levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone were measured using a commercially available AMH enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone significantly decreased at 10 days after the surgery in all cats (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum level of testosterone prior and after the surgery between the groups. Also, no significant difference was observed in serum levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone at 60 days after the surgery between the groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: It is concluded that dietary supplementation of L-carnitine has no effect on serum levels of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone in cats following ovariohysterectomy. Long-term study is recommended.

Context: After about 40 years from the discovery of bone marrow stem cells, the adipose stem cells (ASCs) were identify and the applications of these cells in different fields including the medical and biomedical fields have always attracted the attention of the scientists. The great quantity of stem cells obtained from adipose tissue allows the scientists to rapidly apply these primary cells without culture expansion.Evidence Acquisition: Human has different types of fat tissues and each has its own applications, which means that the ASCs are harvested from different niches and each could be applied for different purposes. There are also specific biomarkers on the surface of the stem cells which is specific for every kind of these cells and the ASCs have also their own surface markers which help to easily detect.Results: Already the ASCs are clinically applied in many other purposes but the first clinical application of ASCs was reported in2004 for the treatment of traumatic calvarial deficiency in a 7-year-old girl. However in the last decade a huge number of studies has been done on ASCs and the ASCs are used for different reasons and in different medical fields including the treatment of cardiovascular and immune diseases, for healing the wound scars and also is applied for skin rejuvenate, radiation injury, scar remodeling, and skin engineering.Conclusions: This review was to focus on the roles of ASCs in different applications and also provide the researcher general information about the history and current applications of ASCs. We found that the ASCs have a potential role to be used for the treatment of different sorts of disorders, with the less side effects and is also a new approach toward new remedies.