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Title

COMPARATIVE NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SILYMARIN, N-ACETYLCYSTEINE, AND THYMOQUINONE AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

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Abstract

 Background: Many pharmacological agents may lead to KIDNEY damage. Preventing NEPHROTOXICITY reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as decreasing hospitalization costs.Objectives: In this study, we investigated the comparative NEPHROPROTECTIVE effects of SILYMARIN, N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (NAC), and THYMOQUINONE (TQ) in animal models (rats) in which we induced NEPHROTOXICITY using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the experimental animals center of Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey, in 2015. Thirty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. We defined five experimental groups and treated them for four weeks. The first group (n=8) was given no medicine. The second group (n=8) was given only CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally (IP), in olive oil, twice a week). The third group (n=6) was given TQ (10 mg/kg, IP, in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg). The fourth group (n=8) was given SILYMARIN (100 mg/kg, IP, in DMSO, daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg), while the fifth group (n=8) was given NAC (10 mg/kg, IP, daily) and CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg). The KIDNEYs of all the rats in every group were evaluated histologically using light microscopic methods at the end of the fourth week. A grading scheme was used to score the histological alterations related to tubular injury: absent (-), mild (+), moderate (++), severe (+++), and quite severe (++++).Results: In terms of the mean values of tubular damage, the first group had a mean of 0.0, the second group had 3.88±0.35, the third group had 1.00 ± 0.89, the fourth group had 2.13 ± 1.13, and the fifth group had 2.75 ± 1.04. The results showed that, histopathologically, CCl4 had quite a severe toxic effect on the tubules when compared to the control group, although the glomeruli were intact. SILYMARIN, TQ, and NAC all showed statistically significant NEPHROPROTECTIVE effects (P<0.01). However, of the three, TQ was the most powerful NEPHROPROTECTIVE agent (P<0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, we suggest that TQ may be used as a prophylactic agent against NEPHROTOXICITY, especially in instances of tubular injury. However, human-based studies are still needed.

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    APA: Copy

    USTYOL, LOKMAN, DEMIROREN, KAAN, KANDEMIR, IBRAHIM, ERTEN, REMZI, BULAN, KEZBAN, KABA, SULTAN, DEMIR, NIHAT, & BASUNLU, MEHMET TURAN. (2017). COMPARATIVE NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SILYMARIN, N-ACETYLCYSTEINE, AND THYMOQUINONE AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ), 19(1), 0-0. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/293320/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    USTYOL LOKMAN, DEMIROREN KAAN, KANDEMIR IBRAHIM, ERTEN REMZI, BULAN KEZBAN, KABA SULTAN, DEMIR NIHAT, BASUNLU MEHMET TURAN. COMPARATIVE NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SILYMARIN, N-ACETYLCYSTEINE, AND THYMOQUINONE AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ)[Internet]. 2017;19(1):0-0. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/293320/en

    IEEE: Copy

    LOKMAN USTYOL, KAAN DEMIROREN, IBRAHIM KANDEMIR, REMZI ERTEN, KEZBAN BULAN, SULTAN KABA, NIHAT DEMIR, and MEHMET TURAN BASUNLU, “COMPARATIVE NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SILYMARIN, N-ACETYLCYSTEINE, AND THYMOQUINONE AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS,” IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL (IRCMJ), vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 0–0, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/293320/en

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