Journal of Environmental Studies
Year:2019 | Volume:44 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:14

Expanded Abstract: Introduction: In the recent decades, temperature has increased and rainfall has changed significantly. Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) surveys the average temperature of the earth has grown about 0. 6° C in the twentieth century. Understanding the impacts of these changes on watershed hydrology is important for human society and ecological processes. Nowadays, with releasing fifth series of General Circulation Models (GCMs) by IPCC, new researches have been focusing on the effects of climate change by statistical downscaling of CMIP5 models. Potential impacts of climatic changes on aquatic ecosystems species, nutrient delivery, temperatures and hydrology have been studied. ...

Expanded Abstract: Introduction: Dusting phenomena are among the most serious environmental problems in certain areas of the world. Most of the dust in the atmosphere is due to the origin of fine particles, and these fine particles are more prevalent in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In general, a dust storm is a heavy wind that carries sand particles in the air and transfers them from one place to another. The diameter of the particles of these grains has a direct relation with the wind speed, so winds can transport coarser material faster and vice versa. In examining the scientific sources available in the field of dust, it can be concluded that so far there has been a lot of research in this regard. And in most of these studies, the transmission, publication, synoptic causes and the destructive effects of this phenomenon are expressed. In this research, we try to investigate and analyze the spatial pattern of dust and changes in spatial displacement of these patterns during different periods. ...

Extended Abstract: Introduction: Soil erosion is one of the serious land degradation processes, which can be exacerbated by intensification of land utilization, land degradation and global climate change. Overgrazing by livestock, unsustainable agricultural practices, over cropping and deforestation, commercial and industrial development, urban expansion, and road construction are the possible causes that accelerate the removal of soil material, which can make serious environmental problems and disastrous economic consequences. So, estimation of soil erosion potential rate and identification of critical soil loss-prone areas is necessary for the best soil conservation management. Therefore, it is necessary to take actions such as management, conservation, and control in the watershed to restore the soil production potential and to prevent further damages. Generally, experimental methods and field observations are often time consuming and costly in developing countries. ...

Expanded Abstract: Introduction: In relation with buildings behavior against wind, because of being three dimensional, buildings allow airflow around lateral sides same as their top. The wind (air) diverts into three sides following contact on impermeable building, top of roof, lower face to wind edge and sides of the building. The most of main flow is transferred to bottom of wall face to wind which causes to increase of small vertical flows back to the wind created by around short buildings and makes extreme vertical flow near the ground. ...

Expanded Abstract: Introduction: The concept of green economy was first introduced in 1989 by a group of environmental economists aiming at setting up operational sustainability agendas, developing a framework for measuring the rate of economic progress in the form of a report for the UK government. Following these efforts, in 1991 and 1994, reports titled as blueprint 2: Greening the world economy and blueprint 3: Measuring Sustainable Development was re-published. In 2008, this concept was revived by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), which supported the idea of "green stimulus package" for certain areas where massive public investment leads to green growth. Also, in April 2009, a Global Green New Deal (GGND) report, including a series of operational restructuring policies for the economy, was published by one of the authors of the Green Economy Blueprint. ...

Expended Abstract: Introduction: Today cities are facing a variety of complex challenges called “ wicked problems” . Increase in frequency and severity of rainfall and long periods of heat and drought resulted from climate change, urban population growth and its consequences, water crisis and its’ supply challenges, environmental pollutions in all dimensions, and extensive changes in land use are some of these issues. There are different approaches to integrate managing water resources in urban areas, one of which is "Integrated drinking water management" suggested between 1960 and 1970 by the Civil Engineering Society. ...

Expanded Abstract: Introduction: The flood can be considered as the most important natural disaster which has the highest probability to occur, and has the most impact on the people life in comparison with the other natural risks. Furthermore, climate changes increase the probability and frequency of flood. The floods have direct relationship with the social and civil problems, environmental problems, and economic losses. Evaluating and managing the flood risk is a base for identifying the current risks, the ready areas for flood and reducing the future flood disasters. The Hydraulic Simulation Models are a proper substitute for improving and managing the channel function by understanding the flow behavior in channel network. ...

Extended abstract: Introduction: Air pollution treatment using plasma-catalytic hybrid process is an acceptable approach, accounts for high efficiency and economic effectiveness in the world. In spite of various advantages of non-thermal plasma, two technical problems associated with this technology should be solved before its industrial application. In addition, catalytic treatment alone has limitations such as performance at high temperature, deactivation of catalytic active sites, not economic for treatment of low concentration of pollutants. Therefore, the combination of plasma with catalyst has been interested by most of the researchers.

Extended abstract: Introduction: Coastal areas are always attractive for tourists due to special features. Descending the environmental quality of coastal areas as a consequence of human activities, tourism as an effective factor causes pollution of the coasts. One of the most important environmental problems in these areas is the lack of proper waste management. A large amount of solid waste is accumulated daily on the coast and causing serious damage to these areas (Rezazadeh et al., 2013; Joozi et al., 2012). ...

Extended abstract: Introduction: Humic acid (HA) derived from decomposition of plants and animal’ s residual and it widely present in surface resources of water. They are found to be the main precursor of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPS) such as THM, HAA in in the water disinfection process with chlorine. Nowadays, several techniques have been applied for removal of HA but they have their own limitation. Recently Photocatalytic oxidation based on semiconductors has been widely studied. Photocatalytic processes are types of AOPs processes that start with the radiation of photons (equal to or greater than energy bands) on the surface of the semiconductor catalyst and generation of electron/hole (e-/h+) in the valence and conduction band respectively. The photons generated holes (h+) and electrons (e-) produced hydroxyl (OH° ) and super oxide (O2° ) by oxidation and reduction of adsorbed H2O molecules and dissolved oxygen. Therefore, OH° and O2° radical efficiency can removed HA at catalyst surface. ...

Extended abstract: Introduction: Over the past few decades, studies on local communities have been increasingly developed. In these studies, there is an emphasis on the role of social interactions between community members and the bottom-up approaches to encourage local communities’ participation and identify human agents on community level. Amongst the most recent approaches, there is community resilience. Despite considerable progress in defining community resilience and its attributes, there are several ambiguities in the theorization of this concept. Due to the nature of resilience as a complicated and multi-dimensional concept, which is strongly linked to the cultural context of a society, the investigation of the beliefs, attitudes, and values of stakeholders is essential in its conceptualization. Thus, this study conceptualizes community resilience and develops a framework for resilience assessment through the qualitative analysis of various stakeholders’ viewpoints and experiences in regard to the matter. Although, before entering the research field, diverse studies related to this concept were reviewed. After reviewing the literature on community resilience and its conceptualizations, research method is presented. ...

Extended abstract: Introduction: Iran is located in western Asia. Iran has a variable climate which ranges from semi-arid to subtropical. But in general, Iran has an arid climate in which most of the relatively scant annual precipitation falls from October through April. In most of the country, yearly precipitation averages only 25 cm or less. Sistan area with 15197 km2 is located latitude 31 ° 2' north longitude and 61 ° 29' east longitude and 489 m high in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan province and east of Iran. This area is bordered by the north and east with Afghanistan, the border with the Southern Khorasan province and the south with the city of Zahedan. The average number of sunspots per annum for more than 260 days of sunshine, the range of high temperature changes overnight, an average annual rainfall of 64 mm with inappropriate dispersion, high temperature and sunny hours. Zabol is located near Lake Hamun and the region is irrigated by the Helmand River. Lake Hamun is a seasonal lake that is often dry. ...