Medicine and Spiritual Cultivation
Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:44|Papers Count:13

In the epoch marked by the primary characteristics of numerous changes and rapid transformations, there is also a need to expedite the process of making decisions. During these times, managers must choose the best way to cover various subjects in the least amount of time. Information must be the basis of these decisions, but the boundless quantities of mass information may mislead us and cause us to analyze the information as an obstructive element, or inaccurate information may lead us to the creation of a faulty policy. By defining the applicable criteria and quantifying the qualities of various aspects of work may help us considerably in understanding our problems, determining our goals, and selecting the best methods to reach those goals. Thus, paying attention to these elements of decision - making is very important and can be a very useful tool in successful policy - making.

The future of a country depends on the healthy growth and development of its children and adolescents. Identification of any disorder or disturbance among these groups of individuals will provide opportunity for the authorities responsible for their well being to take the appropriate measure to secure their health. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the physical as well as mental health status of first level guidance school students of Iran. 500,000 students (10% of the total population) were randomly selected in academic year 1998-99 for clinical screening within three months. Data were collected by physical examination as well as interview and completing a health care forms.Oral and dental disorders, skin, hair, status, presence of goiter, anemia, vision, hearing, spine deficit, mental and physical disorders was recorded for each student. Data analysis was performed on data. The results of analysis showed that, 50% of the students were suffering from dental caries and in majority (29.45%), problem was located on their permanent teeth and only 10.4% on their milk teeth. Regarding the nutritional deficiencies, 8.44% had goiter, 4.66% suffered from anemia deficiencies with predominance of Iron deficiency in Tehran. Other findings were spinal disorders (35%), visual disturbance (15%) and hearing difficulties (3.8ti%). The most prevalent mental and behavioral disorders were nail chewing (8.42%), aggression (3.89%), and depression (1.73%), respectively. About the growth monitoring, 10.41% of students were under the third percentile, 54.70% between 50 and 97, and finally 4.3% above the 97. These findings prove a deviation of the curve to the left based on NCHS /WHO standards. Therefore, 2/3 of students was under the 50 percentile in their growth challis. The results also revealed the highest rate of endemic nontoxic goiter in the city of kashan with 48% followed by the cities of arak, Sanandaj, Fasa, and Sari, respectively. Prevalence of intestinal worm infestation at a figure of 2.02% indicates a high morbidity of helmintic infestation in adolescent students.

One of the most practical ways to obtain data about prescription pattern in a center is to evaluate physicians prescriptions in the center. For this purpose 3117 prescriptions collected from medical doctors of hospitals affiliated to a medical sciences university in Tehran. Prescriptions were collected in summer 1997 and analyzed using software developed by National Prescription Auditing Committee in Ministry of Health. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.27 for all doctors and the value was 3.65 for general practitioners (GP). GPs also prescribed 17.4% of the drugs in their parenteral dosage forms. However, 74% of all drugs were prescribed in their oral dosage forms. Central nervous system drugs were the most prescribed drugs by the doctors (54%) followed by antimicrobials (39%) and respiratory tract drugs (29%). There were 252 important drug interactions among the prescribed drugs in all prescriptions that indicate 8% incidence. The results of this study indicate that there is a great need in improving prescription pattern especially in reducing number of the drugs per prescription and also reduction of percent of injectable prescribed drugs.

Fever is the most common chief complaint of children who refer to physicians. Its high incidence brings about the need for studying its cause, in order to determine the best approaches and managements and to avoid extra costs for the patients. This study is to determine the most common causes of fever in patients referring to our center, to evaluate the ability of paraclinical methods to help to diagnose the underlying cause, and to determine the necessary work up for each of the commonly seen causes. The study was done as a case series study on 457 acutely febrile children who referred to out patient department (OPD) of children medical center. The age range was from 3 month to 14 year. Fever was the chief complaint of 24.2% of patients referring to OPD. The predominant epidemiologic factors which increased the incidence of fever were female, working mothers and taking part in day care units. The underlying cause of fever was detected in 81.4% of cases only with clinical approach. The rest of the patients needed paraclinical work up for diagnosis of the cause of fever in them. The most common detected causes were: Upper respiratory tract viral infections (60%), Otittis media (9.8%), gastroentritis (8.5%), tonsiloapharyngitis (7.4%) and sinusitis (6.5%).According to our findings, the need for paraclinical work up to determine the underlying cause of fever in our patients has been much higher than similar studies done in other countries, this means that our physicians need more training in approach to febrile children and this goal can be achieved on continuous education courses.

In this study general health and level of self -asteem of male students of medical university who participated in 2nd sports olympiad in shiraz was tested. Subjects were 153 participants of olympiads in different sports. Instruments for assessment were Goldberg's General Health Question are (GHQ) and Cooper-Smith's self-esteem scale. Results show that medical student's general health was better than other student's, although student's general health was higher than Iranian's cut-off point. Also, results show that self-esteem of medical students was better than others. Similary, results in respect of sports show that participants of swimming teams have higher levels of self-esteem than others.

The ultra violet spectrum of sun radiation is responsible for the most of the sun- induced skin lesions such as sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer. Sunscreens are products that prevent sun- induced lesions particularly skin cancers. The purpose of this descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was to assess the attitude and knowledge of Kermanian Behvarz and health teachers of schools about the adverse effects of sunlight and the use of sunscreens. 100 Behvarzes with the mean age of 31.7+ 7.4 and 115 health teachers with the mean age of 38.5+ 5.4 years participates in this study. The subjects completed a questionnaire with the validity of 0.83 and reliability of 0.74 for attitude and 0.72 for the knowledge questions. The mean for the Behvarz and teachers of health on attitude and knowledge were 59.4%, 67.5%, 38.2%, and 62.2%, respectively. -There was a significant relation between knowledge and education (P= 0.02) in the Behvarz group and attitude and education (P=0.01) in the school teacher group, and also a significant relation between attitude and knowledge in both groups (P>0.05). In addition, there were significant differences between the attitude and knowledge of both groups (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the knowledge and attitude scores of the first group was 0.29(P=0.02) and 0.34 (P<0.0001) in the second group.According to these results, it was concluded that Kermanian behvarz and health teachers need to learn more about the adverse effects of sunlight and the effectiveness of sunscreens for preventing skin cancer through appropriate education programs.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between "family bonds of relatives" and depressive disorders. According to Islamic belief, family relation leads to psychological well-being.A case control study was designed to assess the relations between these variables. A group of depressed patients was randomly selected (n=50) and it was compared with a non- depressed control group (n=50) in terms of keeping or breaking ties with relatives. The data were collected through interview and Seleh Arham Scales (SAS).The analysis of data showed that the non-depressed subjects scored significantly higher on Seleh Arham Scale than the depressed subjects (P<0.01). On the other hand, the depressed subjects had significantly higher scores in breaking off the family ties (P<0.01).Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that family support and family bond of relatives as is emphasized by Islamic sources is a stress buffering process that can prevent depression and family conflict and family breaking off ties are risk factor for depression.

Reasonable cost, quality, availability, accessibility and continuity are the five most important issues in the delivery of health care services. This research is a cross-sectional study which was carried out in order to evaluate the knowledge and satisfaction of Hamedan residents about health care services. Subjects consisted of 1029 persons of family members. Questionnaires were use to gather data. Results showed that 72.4% of the subjects had moderate knowledge, 14.3% litle knowledge and. 13.3% excellent knowledge about health facilities. The highest percentage (96.2%) were related to vaccination and the lowest percentage (5.5%) was related to familiarity to health mediators of their regions. Results also indicated that 83% were satisfied while 17% were dissatisfied. The highest satisfaction (89.3%) was related to accessibility of health centers and the lowest satisfaction (35%) was related to dental services. Statistical tests indicated that the mean knowledge of subjects was significant different depending on age, marital status, education level, number of children and having children under 5 years of age. Also statistical tests indicated that there were a significant relationship between job status (p=0.02) and having children under 5-years of age. (p=0.04) and satisfaction.