TEB VA TAZKIEH
Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:49|Papers Count:13

Introduction: We usually expect increase of renal colic (RC) episodes following reduction of oral fluid intake.In this epidemiologic survey we compared the prevalence of RC in Ramadan (the month of fasting for Moslems) with other months of lunar year.Materials & Methods: Records of 574 subjects who were admitted in two only medical centers of Varamin, a city in a hot region of Iran, were reviewed to estimate the time trend of RC.Results: This study includes 398 males (69.3%) and 176 females (30.7%). Twenty-seven males (62.8%) and 16 females (37.2%) were admitted in Ramadan; and 371 males (69.9%) and 160 females (30.1%) in other months of the year (p<0.4). RCs were more common in June (68 patients, 11.8%), July (65 patients, 11.3%) and November (60 patients, 10.5%). Forty-three subjects (7.5%) admitted in Ramadan; the frequency was not significantly different from mean admission of the year (48.3±17 patients). There was also no significant different ence between frequency of admission in Ramadan and mean admission during cold half of the year (36.8±18.34 patients, p=0.3). Mean admission (64.4±3.3 patients) in warm seasons were significantly higher than Ramadan (p<0.001).Conclusion: Prevalence of RCs in Ramadan does not seem higher than warm seasons; should be depended more on climate alterations rather than fasting in Ramadan.

Euthanasia has been a controversial topic in the world during recent decades and the civil, ethical, medical, an social aspects of euthanasia are still subject to investigation.It is not considered a crime in some countries such as the Netherlands, and Canada, as well as in certain states within the United States. In many countries, however, it is considered to be an murder; although punishment for the crime is less than for other murders.This is the first study in Iran regarding our physician's opinions regarding euthanasia. Three hundred seven physicians participated in the study. Of these 307 physicians, 180 (58.6%) disagreed with the practice of euthanasia, but 127 (41.4%) agreed that at least certain types of euthanasia might be acceptable. fifty-three of the physicians had actually witnessed the administration of euthanasia by other physicians, and 7 of them had administered euthanasia themselves.

This survey is a descriptive analytical study, which carried out to assess the effects of population control programs on National Health Development in Islamic Republic of Iran (1986-1996).The objectives of the study are:1) To determine the effects of family planning program on National Health Development (1986-1996)2) To indicate the relationship between family planning coverage and some Health indicators. This study was conducted at two stages:1- Presentation of a simulation model. 2- Predication of population size by large-scale clinical trial (1986-1996)Prediction method is used to determine the differences of population at two stages:1- Stability of total fertility rate (5-6)2- Gradual decrease of total fertility rate.The findings show that stability of T.F.R and decrease in developmental indices (such as literacy of women and employment of women) has led to an increase in population size (17494391) which is added to population between (1986-1996) B T.F.R gradual decrease and other developmental indices increase, population size increase to 563228415 between (1986-1996).In this survey by using the results of simulation and health indicators the relationship of health variables and family planning coverage is computed.Findings show that:1- There is a significant relationship between the health variables and family planning coverge.2- There is a positive significant correlation between family planning coverage and I.M.R., UN 5 mortality rate and crude death rate.3- There is a significant correlation between of women, their employment, and marital status.4- Other findings emphasize the significant relationship between family planning coverage and immunization of children.

To compare and contrast the educational objectives, course syllabus and scheduling patterns for medical students in Iran and 5 other countries: England, Canada, Australia, Denmark, and South Africa.Methods: This is a descriptive analytical study. The instructional medical education data was gathered via internet from sources within the 6 countries (including Iran) listed above. Discussion & conclusion: The data analysis showed that th ultimate goal for medical education is constant throughout the world. Despite the similarities, however, there also are some differences. Although in quantity the differences may be few, in quality they are important. For example, within the medical educational curricula that offer no management and/or communication courses, research programs are limited.

Through a descriptive study a random sample of 768 (440 men and 328 women) Patients was selected to determine the associated factors with hypertension.Their history and physical were taken and the results of the clinical exams were recorded in the checklist. The data was analysed with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods.The prevalence of hypertension was 24% in men vs 18.5% in women. Hypertension has a positive correlation with age in both sexes. The prevalence of hypertension among men is more in cigarette smokers, non-active persons, and illiteracy, married and positive family history. In women, the prevalence is more among inactive persons, married, and OCP users (25% vs 12%).It is concluded that smoking, OCP. usage, physical inactivity and illiteracy are associated with hypertension.

Introduction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is probably the most common undiagnosed psychiatric disorder in adults. The patient characteristics are inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and affective liability. As the recent studies suggest, there is some relationship between this disorder and socio-legal problems so in this article the importance of ADHD in these areas is evaluated.Method: approximately 300 articles were evaluated by means of the internet.Results: if untreated, this disorder seems to have an important role in drug and alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, educational professional and social problems, driving accidents, delinquency and crimes. These complications are preventable and treatable by treating ADHD.Suggestions: it is necessary to notice this disorder in Iran and study different aspects of this disorder.

There are several secondary metabolites in plants that have been shown to have poisonous effects on neonatal and fetal development. The effects of these metabolites range from slight (such as a temporarily decrease in fertility) to intense (so strong as to cause pre-term abortion or a stillbirth).Certain plants cause fetal deficiency in animals including various types of veratrum- Lupines-Coniuum- Nicotiana- Astragalus-Oxytropis.In many cases, secondary combinatory effects cause fetal deficiencies such as in the steroid alkaloids, Quinolizydine and piperdin.