TEB VA TAZKIEH
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:39|Papers Count:14

Advances in humman genetics, Specially in the last two decades, have created new ethical, legal and pencal issues. International guidelines on ethical issues in medical genetics and genetic services were provided by WHO with due regard to the general principles of medical ethics: Autonomy, Beneficence,Non-Maleficence and justice. As it is concidered Very important the principles to be acted upon in medical genetics practices and be believed by medical staff, The general purpose of this article was to study the 366 physicians and medical students point of view. The study was performed by questionary method followed by descriptive and analytic assessments. The resuIts showed that the applidion of these ethical principles in health care were faced with different views. Beneficence, according to the positive and negative views, was the main look out for the decision making. A number of cultural and social variables were taken in to account and the relationship between negative views and the variables were also discussed.

Anthropometric measures such as height, weight, and body composition have long been indispensable measurements in medicine and sport sciences. The concept of "Fatness" that is based on the measurement of height and weight can be the underlying factor for numerous negative health consequences. In the study of successful sport performance and in selectIon of athletes for sports, body build and bodY composition have and importatn role. The concept of Body Mass Index (BMI) is a useful index which is derived from the measurement of height and wieght. It has been shown that BMI is highly correlated with concepts such as maximum oxygen consumptin (VO2 max) that is a reliable predictor of successful performance in many sports. this desceriptive study was conducted to detemine the mean values of height, weight,and BMI of 840 young male student athletes participating in the ministry of Health and medical Educations olympiad in summer of 1998 in shiraz. The results of the study showd that the means for weight, Height, and BMI were 69.25±9.57 Kg, 175.74± 6.63cm, and 22.4± 2.63,respectively. Since there has been no systematic ,investigation in this field in IRAN, the observed results can be suggested as norms for male athletes.

A random sample of 150 students (75 of each sex) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was recruited for the study. They all answered the questionnaire designed by the researcher. Females Views were dissimilar to males views with respect to age defference between spouses" , "priority of income over social position", "priority of beauty over wealth" , "priority of mental growth over physical fitness" , "employment in the time of marriage" , and resemblance of the appearance of partner to the appearance of his/her own parents. Views of females were similar to that of males with respect of comparability of the social position of partners parents, comparability of partners field and level of education, fidelity to religious beliefs prioritys of wealth over social and mental growth, comparability of thoughts,mutual understanding ,place of work and residence, family marrriage, social and family contacts, rate of social growth, mutual decision making for family affairs, totalitarianism in family life, respecting the Islamic codes for clothing, conformity with hislher own parents, customs, belief in equality of males and females, belief in Discrimination of boundary family, and management of income. Consistent with kohlbergs therory of moral development our data shows that for the majority of students their criteria are postconventional. Criteria of half of the srudents were consistent with what maslow introduced as characteristics of a mature human being. Consistent with psycho-analytic therories more than 50% of students would rather to have spouses similar to their parents. Center & Whinch believes people choose somenone who is just able to satisfy their inherent needs. However, inconsistent with this theory data illustrates that majority of students give priority to spiritual criteria and choose "beauty over wealth, mental growth over physical fitness, and love to humanity over love to himself/herself alone. Students mostly did not care for the rate of trousseau and mehri-yeh.

Problem - based learning (PBL), is one of the most important progresses in the quality improvement of educational methods during the late years of 20th century, Although, that is presented as one of the learning methods, there is much controversy about its role as an alternative for traditional methods of medical education. This is the fist study of PBL method in pharmacology at the Babol university of medical sciences. 57 medical studets (32 female & 25 male) were entered to the study. ,After training of them, they were divided into three equal groups with one topic of phamacology for each group that could be presented as PBL educational method. Each group had one month ro get ready. for PBL session. For comparison between two methods the same topics offered to the subjects as traditional method. After the ending of program two examinations were given one based on PBL method and the other on traditional training. Finally, all data were analysed by t-student and Mann-Whitney statisitical tests and differences between each point was considered significant at p<0.05. Results show that females have greater score of PBL in comparison to that of males. Totally, score of PBL method is greater than that of traditional one (12.56 vs 11.5 p=0.00).Despite differences between two sexes, it has not been found any significant change in score of males and females in PBL method, Most of students (50.9%) agree with PBL method, and 88% were interested in group working and finally, 92.2% were satisfied with this method of learning. Based on obtained results, it is concluded that students are more frequently interested in learning by PBL method. More attention must be paid to improve learning capabilities by replacing traditional education methods with new ones. At present, however, modification of our traditional method of education is not attainable in Iran.

This research has been performed by the aim of surveying effects of ergonomics condition( working position;heavy load lifting;repetitive tasks and bad posture of working) and some of harmful agents(noise;vibration;air pollution,...) on four physiological signs(systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature) and two arterial -cardiac indexes(Double product and Mean Arterial blood Pressure(MAP)) in one of the Iranian company located in Parandak area. The sample size was consisted of 65 workers( all men Gender with age mean 41.5± 1.5 years). For any person under study the questionaire completed and then three time measuring (before starting to work, during the mid-time working shift and the end of daily work) have been done. Results show that except some matters, insuitable ergonomical positions have no influence on the workers physiological signs and there is mainly minor change-in the working mid-time shift.These changes are generally in the normal physical range and cant be seen as a kind of stress. All of the double product values is in the resting range (Double product<100). Whereas,it significant the influence of air pollution on the workers respiration rate. Beside this, there were a clear relation between existing vibration and low back pain (OR=3.54). Also workers with repetitive tasks felt fatique sooner than the other workers(OR=3.35).

The assumption of this study was that the children whose fathers were war wounded (physically ot psychologically) and the children who lost their fathers in war (martyrs), in comparison with control group are at high risk for mental disorders. The sample of this study was 125 students of Tehran primary schools. Four groups were considered in this study. 1-The children whose fathers have had mental disorders. 2- The children whose fathers have had physical disorders and amputated in war. 3- The children who had lost their fathers in war (martyrs). 4- control group: The children whose fathers have not had any physical or mental dis- orders. AnXiety disorders were evaluated by Ratter questionnaire and behaviours of children were evaluated by mothers questionnaire The ANOVA Test was employed to analyze the data .the results show that there is significant difference between group 1 and 2 with control group. However, it was not observed any significant difference between goup 3 and 4 (control group).