Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2010 | Volume:65 | Issue:3|Papers Count:17

The importance of vessel structure has been shown in pathogenesis of the equine and bovine laminitis. Investigation on vessel structures is necessary to diagnose the mechanism of laminitis. Due to lack of literature on ovine digital arteries. Ovine digital vessels were studied using corrosion casting method. The hind limbs of 15 lambs of 3 months ages were separated from tarsus joint. After the dissection of dorsal metatarsal artery, normal saline and resin metacrylat were injected into the vessels. In this species, the dorsal common digital artery and common plantar digital artery have the main function in blood supply. One branch runs to the heel bulb and the other runs to the axial wall and sole. The third branch of these arteries is responsible to blood supply of periople tissue. The common dorsal digital artery and abaxial proper digital artery drain all venous blood from the claw. The dorsal proper digital artery arises from the numerous smaller veins which are joined to form the deep and superficial venous networks of coronary margin and wall. This vein delivers blood to the common dorsal digital artery. The axial proper plantar vein drained into the abaxial proper plantar vein. Two main vessels which arise from venous network of wall, sole and plantar surface of the bulb, drain into the abaxial proper plantar vein.

Bioequivalence study is a scientific and practical method used to compare the quality of a generic drug with a reference product. This study aimed to examine the bioequivalence of two closantel formulations produced with different sources of raw material by a domestic pharmaceutical Company. Due to long half- life of closantel, the study carried out by a parallel method. Thirty sheep were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. In the first group (test group) each sheep received 500 mg bolus of closantel and in the second group (reference group), each sheep received a 500 mg bolus of closantel produced with a raw material from a Belgium Company. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48 and 72 hours after drug administration. An HPLC system was used to determine the amount of closantel in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters including area under curve (AUC), Cmax, Tmax, Kel and t1/2 of closantel were determined in each sheep. At-student test was used to analyze and compare the results. The mean ± SD of Cmax in reference and test groups were 56.38±14.28 mg/ml, 51.44 ± 10.55, respectively. Tmax in reference and test groups were 22.93 ± 2.81, 23.72 ± 1.83 h, respectively. AUC (0-72) in reference and test drugs were 2049.1 ± 421.2 and, 1795.1 ± 421.2, respectively. AUC (0-¥) in reference and test were 2557.3 ± 621.5 and 2171.1 ± 80. Kel in reference group was 0.0321 ± 0.0144 while in test it was 0.0348 ± 0.0128. t1/2 in reference and test groups were 24.85 ± 8.34 h and, 22.29 ± 8.03 h, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that there was not significant difference between reference and test group, suggesting that two products were bioequivalent.

There is increasing demand for use of natural preservatives such as bacteriocins to control foodborne pathogens in seafoods. This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Nisin on Staphylococcus aureus in light and heavy salted silver carp fillets (4 and 8% Nacl). Effect of different concentrations of Nisin (0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.75, 1.5 mg/ml) on behavior of S.aureus at unfavourable refrigeration storage temperature (10oC) was determined by evaluation of the bacterial growth in salted fish fillets. The results showed that used concentrations of Nisin had inhibitory effect on the growth of S.aureus in light and heavy salted fish fillets compared to the control (p<0.05). This study showed inhibitory effect of Nisin on the growth of S.aureus. Therefore it can be considered as a natural preservative in light and heavy salted fish.

Foot-and- mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important virus disease in farm animals. Types O, A and Asia1 FMD virus have been endemic in Iran. In these study, samples from suspected livestock were analyzed by RT-PCR experiment. The number of 702 nucleotides determined at 1D -2B region of type A strain isolated from Khorasan Razavi province sequenced and compared with that of other reported isolates type A from Iran and neighboring countries.The results show that field isolated type A has about 89% similarity with other reported isolates type A from Iran and neighboring countries. Furthermore, this virus shows the most similarity with A/IRN/1/87 (Samuel). Phylogenitic analysis revealed that virus was closely related to A22- Iraq/99 and A/IRN/iso/105 that rest in the same lineage. The data showed high similarity between type A viruses involved in the Khorasan Razavi province and A/IRN/87v (vaccine strain); so that it can be concluded that the vaccine can produce prophylactic antibody against this virus.

Increased feeding frequency improves bioenergetics efficiency in lactating cows; however, there is little information about its effect on fattening animals. Twelve Holstein bull calves were allotted to two groups to determine the effect of feeding frequency on body weight, carcass quality and hormonal profiles. Control group was fed twice a day and treated group was fed six times a day by a standard diet for eight months. Body weight was recorded at 3 weeks interval. Blood samples were collected one hour after feeding at four hours intervals during 24 hours at the end of experiment. Calves were slaughtered and carcass characteristics were measured. Plasma leptin concentrations were higher (p<0.01) in treated group than those in control group. Plasma insulin concentrations were lower (p<0.01) in treated group than those in control group. Internal fat content and depth of subcutaneous fat were (p<0.05) higher in control group than those in treated group. It can be concluded that feeding frequency for growing Holstein calves resulted in decreased fat reservoirs and this effect may be mediated by plasma leptin and insulin changes.

Brusellosis is one of the most dangerous infectious zoonotic diseases which at present affect most areas of Iran directly or indirectly. The aim of the present study was evaluate the efficacy of PCR test in detection of brucellosis. Suspected animal sera (n=20) to brusellosis were collected from clinics and subjected to Rose Bengal and Wright Agglutination tests and to PCR analysis. While6 samples (30%) were positive with titer 1:80, titer of the rest ones were less than 1:80. To confirm, all samples were subjected to PCR which revealed 5 samples of 1:80 and 6 samples of less than 1:80 were in agreement with wright test. However, 8 samples of 1:80 and 1 sample of less than 1:80 were in disagreement with wright test. The results of this study revealed that considerable percent of submitted samples were positive for brucellosis and positivity of ones were confirmed with PCR test we have shown 55% agreement between SAT (Standard Agglutrination Test) and PCR results.

For intensive rearing of fish with minimal losses, it is necessary to be aware of health status of fish. Blood variables are useful criteria for showing physiological disturbances in intensively farmed fishes and can provide important information for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of the present study was to show hematological parameters in haematological evaluation are gradually becoming a routine practice for Shirbout fish when intensively bred. In this study, 60 clinically healthy Barbusgrypus, were caught from culturing pools in Khuzestan province. Blood samples were taken from caudal vein and the levels of hematological parameters were determined. Comparison between sexes was done using student t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient with Fisher's test. In this study the overall mean of total red blood cells, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte were (1.41 ± 0.035) ´ 106, (12.5 ± 0.57) ´ 103 cell/ l, 6.5 ± 0.1 g/dl, 261 ± 4.87 fl, 45.7 ± 0.88 pg, 17.6 ± 0.27, 36.9 ± 0.7, 56.2 ± 0.59, 40 ± 0.52, 1.1 ± 0.15 and 2.8 ± 0.22%, respectively. In terms of these parameters, there was not significant difference between sexes (p<0.05).

Sex hormone is supposed to modify pain sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigat, the role of 2 adrenergic receptors in nociception using formalin test. Formalin test was performed by subcutaneous injection of 50 ml formalin (%2.5) solution into hind paw. Animals were divided into 4 groups as control group (intact animal), sham group (received 2ml of artificial CSF by ICV route), agonist group (received 2ml of xylazine 5 and 10 mg/rat by ICV route) and antagonist group (received 2ml of yohimbin 5 and 10 mg /rat by ICV route). Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and post- hoc test of tukey's test. Data showed that xylazine significantly decreased (p<0.05) pain sensitivity during all stages of estrous cycle; analgesic effect of xylazine was high in estrus stage of estrous cycle and low in metestrous stage of estrous cycle. Yohimbin in all stages of estrous cycle significantly increased (p<0.05) pain sensitivity. Hyperalgesic effect of yohimbin was high during metestrous stage of estrous cycle and it was low in proestrous stage of estrous cycle. Results of present study indicated that interaction of alpha2 adrenergic system with endogenous sex steroid is important in the modulation of pain sensitivity.

Avian influenza H9N2 viruses are circulating in domestic poultry worldwide. Although this avian subtype is generally not highly pathogenic for avian species, these viruses have recently been transmitted to mammalian species, including humans. So this study has been done to prescribe the pathologic lesions of this virus in BALB/C mouse as a mammalian model. We infected 25 female BALB/C mice with 50 ml of 106EID50 of virus per 50 μl chorioalantoic fluid. 25 mice as control group received only 50 μl of uninfected chorioalantoic fluid. Sampling was done on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 post infections. The following tissues were examined by light microscopy for the presence of lesions and for the detection of Influenza viral antigen (Immunohistochemistry): lungs, trachea, brain, liver, intestine, spleen, kidneys and heart. Histopathologic studies revealed that this virus only can induce local lesions in lung and trachea in the form of interstitial bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. However these findings showed that Influenza AH9N2 viruses are potential to infect mammals but severity of the lesions differ from sub type to sub type. As the human health have now gained importance, both for illness and fatalities that have occurred following natural infection with avian viruses, and for the potential of generating a reassortant virus that could give rise to the next human influenza pandemic, more consideration and prevention should be applied.

Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to modulate immune system in various species. An experiment with 240 one-day old Ross 308 male broilers was coducted to investigate the effects of 4 different levels of vitamin E (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on performance and response of humoral immunity. Chicks at age of 15, 30 and 45 days were injected I.M. with 0.2ml of a 5% saline suspension of sheep red blood cell (SRBC). Blood samples were collected from each bird at 7 and 14 days of the second and third challenge.Afterwards, the 2- mercaptoethanol sensitive (2MES, presumably IgM) and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant (2MER, presumably IgG), Anti-SRBC antibody titers were determined using a microheamagglutination technique. Then chicks were slaughtered and their bursa of fabricius and spleens were weighted. The results of this study suggested that vitamin E has no significant effect on performance of broiler chicks such as body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency. There was a significant difference on total anti-SRBC-titter, 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody titer (2- ME sensitive), anti-New Castle disease virus titter (NDV) in group which was given 40 mg/kg supplemented vitamin E compared to the control group (p<0.05).2-mercaptoethanol resistant antibody titter (2-ME resistant) and lymphatic organs (bursa of fabricius and spleen) weight were not under the effect of diet. Furthermore significant difference wasn`t observed between treatments. These results indicated that supplementation of vitamin E increases humoral immune responses.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a contagious disease that is clinically characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, hemolytic anemia, icterus, depression, edema and chronic weight loss. The disease is associated with a persistent viral infection. The virus of EIA is a member of the Retroviridae family. The aim of this study was to determine the status of EIA in horses in Ahvaz. One hundred horses were selected and after history taking (i.e. age, sex and history of disease) blood sampling done. The samples were tested through coggin, s test using AGID commercial kit. The results showed, all animals were seronegative.

Neonatal calf diarrhea due to cryptosporidium is a major health problem. It causes extensive economic losses. This study was carried out on newborn calves in different parts of east Azarbayjan province over November 2001 - 2002. Five hundred feacal samples were taken from diarrheic calves under the age of 2 months from 25 commercial dairies and referral cases to the private clinics in four districts of Azarbayjan province. Samples were fixed in the formalin and then stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen procedure in Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data were statistically analyzed using Chisquare test. The positive samples for cryptosporidium were confirmed as 41.4% (207 samples out of 500) cases and a significant difference was found between the prevalence rate in relation to the seasons of study (p<0.05). While the highest prevalency was in summer (49.6%), the least rate was in the winter (30.4%). Statistical significance was also found between the age groups regarding the prevalence rate in infected calves (p<0.05), mostly at 6 to 8 weeks of age (61.4%) and less on one week of age (25.21%). There was not any significant difference between different districts according the prevalence rate of infection. The severity of infection was found 30.43% (+), 34.3% (++) and 35.26% (+++) respectively. Meanwhile, positive association between the severity of infection and diarrhea was also shown.

Heartworm disease is caused by Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and cats. Dirofilariasis is clinically considered very important, because of its severe and life threatening disease in case of even light infection. Cats are infected much less commonly, even in areas which present heavily infected dogs. After clinical examination blood samples were collected from 120 companion and stray adult cats in Ahvaz city. Dirofilaria microfilaria was detected by modified Knott method and its antigen detected by immunochromatography. One (2.5 years old), out of 120 (0.83%) of the studied cats was infected with Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria. Companion male cat of domestic short hair (DSH) breed. This survey is the first report on isolation of Dirofilaria immitis in cats of Ahvaz city. It seems that carrier mosquitoes and their reservoirs present in this distinct: Therefore continuous challenge for eradication of stray cats and dogs, prophylactic treatment and accurate training to people should be done.