IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Year:2014 | Volume:8 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

Background and Aims: Several studies have shown that there is greater number of viruses in deep periodontal pockets than in normal gingival sulcus. We also know that virus may have an important role in induction of Il-1 b secretion by different human cells. In this study we intended to determine the capacity of Herpes simplex virus type 1 to stimulate Il-1b secretion in human gingival keratinocytes.Materials and Methods: primary gingival keratinocytes were obtained from samples extracted during crown lengthening surgical procedure. The cells were cultured in 24 well flasks and stimulated by one of these stimulants: LPS, HSV1, LPS+HSV1 and LPS+ATP. After incubation and collecting the supernatants, the amount of secreted Il-1 b was measured by ELISA technique.Results: none of the stimulants were able to cause significant amount of Il-1 b secretion in any of the incubation times.Conclusion: It seems that HSV1 does not have the capacity to induct IL-1 b secretion as a single factor alone or in combination with bacterial LPS.

Background and Aims: Natural killer T (NKT) cells have been suggested to play critical roles in a wide range of immune responses especially against hepatotropic pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, we investigated the status of NKT cells by producing interleukin-17 cytokine in peripheral blood.Materials and Methods: As case-control study, 15 patients with chronic HCV infection and healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. We determined the serum and peripheral blood IL-17 levels after activating by based on Galactosylceramid and IL-2 then the IL-17 level was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassey (ELISA) methods.Results: Plasma level of IL-17 in patients with chronic infection did not differ compared to the control group (5.5±2.4 vs. 6.2±1.2 pg/ml; p=0.5). The level of supernatant IL-17 was significantly higher in both Galactosylceramid-IL-2-stimulated PBMCs than control group and the ratio IL-17 after 72 h was higher than the other times. The plasma level of IL-17 in HCV 3a-infected patients was higher than 1a-type patients but the difference was not significant (6±2.5 vs. 4.8±2.5 p=0.45).Conclusion: As the recent data, the roles of NKT cells in human liver injury and fibrosis remain unknown. However, the precise role of NKT cells in HCV patients as this play a role in innate immune responses in the liver in higher samples was performed.

Background and Aims: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious illnesses of chickens. Live vaccines are widely used to prevent chicken from the disease all over the world.Materials and Methods: To access the effective and potentiate ND vaccine, a homogenous subpopulation from LaSota strain was selected following cultivation of the virus on primary chicken embryofibroblast (CEF) cells. Pathogenicity indices and molecular characterization of a several plaques at 3rd passage were analyzed and then the selected clone was candidate for vaccine development. ND vaccine was prepared according to the standard protocols.Results: The immunogenicity of the live vaccine was examined in specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chickens. The geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers induced in chickens vaccinated with the cloned vaccine were not significantly differ than those induced in chickens vaccinated with the similar ND clone vaccine.Conclusion: Efficacy of the ND vaccine was estimated against the virus challenge. The results indicate that the cloned vaccine could confer a complete protection against NDV.

Background and Aims: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a widely distributed poultry disease that has huge economic impact on poultry industry. The continuous emergence of new IBV genotypes and lack of cross protection among different IBV genotypes have been an important challenge.Materials and Methods: The present study was done to evaluate protection caused by two different serotypes’ vaccines (Massachusetts & 793/B) in order to evaluate protection against challenge with Iranian QX like-virus.Results: The results showed a protective ability of the used vaccination program. The H120-793/B vaccinated group obtained 81% protection.Conclusion: These results indicated that the H120+793/B vaccines could be helpful for the reduction of economic losses caused by newly evolving QX IBV variants.

Background and Aims: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belongs to the group of gamma coronaviruses along with other avian coronaviruses. The disease caused by IBV can appear similar to infectious laryngotracheitis, avian influenza, and velogenic Newcastle disease, which are high priority diseases. The clinical signs can be accompanied by mortalities in broiler chickens and reduced eggshell and albumin quality in layer hens, leading to economic loss for the poultry industry. Rapid detection of IBV is useful for implementation of control measures, research purposes, and understanding the epidemiology and evolution of IBVs. The aim of the present study was the rapid identification of IB with the molecular method, which targets the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) gene of IBV that is less variable than the other genes, with homologies greater than 90% among IBV strains.Materials and Methods: The primers designed to amplify a conserved fragment of the gene. Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined.Results: The results of specificity exhibited the specific amplification of the designed primers for IBV. Sensitivity was 10 pg/ml of the pTZ57R/T-5' UTR. This is the first report of RT-PCR method coupled with construction of comparative internal positive control (IPC) according to 5´UTR gene for accurate detection of IBV. 100 fg/ml of the IPC amplified in the presence of the limit of detection (10 pg/ml) of 5' UTR gene was determined as the optimal concentration of IPC plasmid for RT-PCR of clinical specimens.Conclusion The RT-PCR assay presented provides a time saving, sensitive, and reliable method for detection of IBV.

Acute diarrhea with severe dehydration has been a major worldwide cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age. Etiological studies of gastroenteritis have shown that rotavirus causes 40-50% of acute diarrhea among infants and children in both developing and developed nations. Numerous epidemiologic studies in the US and the World Health Organization have documented the clinical importance and high prevalence of severe rotavirus disease. The main aim of this review is to provide readers a snapshot of epidemiologic and clinical features of rotavirus diarrhea and identify epidemiologic patterns that would specifically define rotavirus disease based on studies done primarily by the CDC and Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Every year, rotavirus causes 111million episodes of gastroenteritis in three clinical settings (mild cases requiring home care, clinic visit in moderate cases, and hospitalization for severe cases). Regarding high frequency of rotavirus infection among children aged <5 years old, development of rotavirus vaccines and prevention programs will reduce the morbidity of Rotavirus diseases that will require better-quality surveillance of rotavirus disease burden among children worldwide.

ELISA data is usually handled in the MS Excel worksheets through different methods and different formulas. Accurate and precise calculations of the data is time consuming and tedious. ELISA Analyzer was developed with a user friendly interface to streamline titration and analysis of the data obtained from ELISA and improve rapid and lucid presentation of the results. The software can also help finding appropriate reagent dilutions for the ELISA reaction. Users can determine better dilution of the antibody and the conjugate that was extracted from blood of animal for other ELISA tests. Overall it can assist researchers to speed up data analysis, reduce computational errors, improve the presentation of analysis by creating charts and distinguishing positive samples shown in red color from the negative samples that appear in blue cells of plate, calculate the threshold and ultimately determine the most economic proportions of antibody and conjugate in the mixture considering the antibody and conjugate prices.