Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:27 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:9

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with approximately 71 million chronically infected individuals worldwide. Clinical care for the patients with HCV-related liver disease has advanced considerably thanks to an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, and because of developments in diagnostic procedures and improvements in therapy and prevention, recently in Iran new drug direct Acting agent (DAA) was developed that may be equivalent to original drugs that will hope to treat HCV and eliminated HCV in future

Introduction: Today, the use of dental-colored composites has become very popular. Understanding the basics and technical sensitivity has led to the use of these materials with many challenges. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viewpoints of Yazd dental graduates regarding the training of composite restorations in 2017. Methods: In this descriptive study, field information was distributed through a questionnaire among 202 graduates of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Dental School that graduated in the last three years. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Kruskal– Wallis and Mann-Whitney exact tests. Results: Out of 202 distributed questionnaires, 181 graduates answer to them and the mean score of awareness among the participants was 8. 50 from the total score of 16. The mean score of attitude was 16. 96 ± 4. 51 from the total score of 30. The mean scores of knowledge and attitude among different groups based on the year of graduation, age and input quota was done. There was no statistically significant difference among the mentioned groups (P-value> 0. 05). The main problem of the participants was isolation composite restorations (60%) and proper proximal contact (49%). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the newly graduated students are not satisfied with the quantity and quality of theoretical and practical training in the field of composite restorations. Also, in the field of practical problems during dentists' treatment, major problems were related to inappropriate proximal contacts, marginal edentulous fractures, and restored tooth sensitivity.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, has an inflammatory background on a molecular scale. In the immune system, various factors activate macrophages, which ultimately lead to various macrophage activities in inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined training on serum macrophage phenotype after cardiac arrhythmias and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimentalstudy performed in the Heart Rehabilitation Center of Afshar Hospital in Yazd. 20 male patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery were divided into the control and combined exercise groups. Functional capacity, body mass index, muscle strength, and waist-to-hip ratio were estimated before training. The combined program was included aerobic and resistance training for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Aerobic training was performed for 15-20 minutes with maximum intensity of 50-80% of maximum heart rate and resistance training program included three upper limb and two lower limb movements with three sets and 10 repetitions. Blood samples were taken before and after eight weeks and macrophage phenotypes were measured by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed through independent t-test and paired t-test using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; version 16 software. Results: The combined exercise resulted in a significant decrease in the M1 macrophage (P 0. 05) and a significant increase in the M2 macrophage (P 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the usefulness of this training protocol as a means to reduce inflammation and decreasing the mortality and morbidity rates.

Introdution: The cells rolled in the formation of bone, regulated glucose metabolism, and increased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and modulated the insulin resistance. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on relation between blood biochemical parameters and body composition with bone turnover markers in overweight men. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 36 overweight, young healthy men (age range28-35 years) were randomly assigned to the control (n=14), aerobic exercise (n=11) and resistance exercise (n=11) groups. In the aerobic exercise group, excercisetraining was performedfor 8weeks, three sessions per week (at 55-85% of HRR), and in the resistance exercise group, exercise training was perfprmed in 8weeks for three sessions per week(at 55-75% of 1RM). Body composition and blood samples were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise programme. Data wereanalyzed by t-test and ANOVA by SPSS ver. 25 Software. Results: Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA showed that aerobic and resistance training cause the reduction of body composition (P <0. 05), increasing the osteocalcin (P = 0. 001 and P <0. 001) as well as a significant decrease in blood biochemical parameters (P <0. 05). Also, Pearson correlation showed that there was no correlation between osteocalcin and blood biochemical parameters and body composition (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 8-week exercise trainings increase osteocalcin levels, which is associated with a decrease in body weight and body fat percentage, particularly lipid profiles. However, despite the differences in mean, there was no statistically significant difference between aerobic and resistance training.

Introdution: Methyl paraben (MP) is an xsenoestrogen pollutant that is classified into preservatives due to its antibacterial properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of MP in female neonatal mice on puberty timing, estrus cycle, and ovarian follicle profile. Methods: In this experimental study, one-day-old Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8), including the control, vehicle, and three groups with doses of 0. 8, 4 and 20 mg/kg of methyl paraben, respectively. Subcutaneous injection was performed in the first 5 days after birth and once a day. The day of vaginal opening was considered as a sign of puberty and estrus cycle for one month. Then, the mice were sacrificed in 70 days; their serumand ovary were collected for studies of hormonal measurement and counting of follicles. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 18 and oneway analysis of variance was used for comparingthe groups. Results: The day of puberty onset advanced by 4 (p<0. 05) and 20MP (p<0. 001). Duration mean of estrus cycle in 4 (p<0. 05) and 20MP (p<0. 001) and diestrus index in 4 (p<0. 01) and 20MP (p<0. 001) increased compared to the control group. Reduction in the number of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum was observed in 4 and MP20 groups. The concentration of estradiol increased in 4 (p <0. 05) and MP20 (p <0. 001) groups and the concentration of LH in 4 and MP20 groups was decreased compared to the control group (p <0. 001). Conclusion: The study showed that exposure to the MP the during neonatal period could lead to Precocious puberty, estrus dysfunction, decreased ovarian follicle content and corpus luteum and impaired secretion of sex hormones.

Over the past decades, progression in genetic element manipulation, and consequently, the treatment of diseases has been remarkable. It is worth noting that these genetic manipulations perform at different levels, including DNA and RNA. The earlier genomic editing techniques, including MN, ZFN, TALEN, performing their functions by creating double-stranded breaks (DSBs), and after breakage, the cell tries to repair the breakage through two systems, homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. CRISPR/Cas technology has been discovered recently, and has become the most widely used genomeediting tool, mainly due to its capabilities and those added to this through the genetic engineering. In this study, we aimed to introduce a variety of CRISPR classes in the elementary parts, and then the modified CRISPR systems developed to increase the efficiency and specificity of the system and provide acceptable results will be introduced. In this study, for three months in the fall and winter, Pubmed and Web of science sites searched for keywords such as CRISPR, Types of CRISPR, gRNA, Cas9, and CRISPR-Cas9 nickase that eventually resulted in about four hundred Sixty-one articles, and some of these articles after closer study, reviewed in this article. Genetic engineering techniques have successfully transformed this system into the most efficient genome editing tool in recent years. Researchers are working on a system to treat various diseases by resolving problems such as high specificity, cutting off non-target sites, how to move to a cell, and setting up a proper repair system.

Introduction: Monthly regeneration of endometrium after cyclical mensturation confirmed the ability of specific population of the cells that presence in the basalis layer and undergone consecutive hormonal changes that could prepared the endometrial layer for probable implantation. These cells, known as, stem cell. The aim of this study was the isolation and culture of human endometrial derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (EnMSCs). Methods: . In this study, human endometrial tissues were collected after fully-informed patient consent, which attended the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility. After washing and enzymatic treatment, EnMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Results: Cells from endometrium were successfully isolated using enzymatically treatment and mechanically dissociation, then cultured and expanded for several passages for further characterization and evaluations. Endometrium derived cells were morphologically similar to mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm previous reports in vitro studies for the isolation and culture of human EnMSCs. Endometrial tissue is a part of uterus with available source of MSCs with selfrenewal and differentiation capacity that undergoes a cyclical regeneration every month in normal women’ s life span. In this regard, human EnMSCs could be used for future novel therapeutic methods in regenerative medicine for treatment of uterine-factor infertile patients, which can lead to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and finally resolve of surrogacy problems.

Introdution: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is essential for effective treatment. Recently, troponin has been introduced as a biochemical marker for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Platelet parameters (P-LCR, MPV, PDW) play a key role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet indexes in the patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 345 patients with acute myocardial infarction who referred to Shariati Hospital with chest pain were examined in 2018. Troponin was measured by Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Assay. The platelet indexes of the patients were determined by Hydrodynamically focused detection method. Results: The results of Spearman correlation test between the three variables MPV, PLCR and PDW showed that there was a significant relationship between platelet parameters. Spearman correlation coefficient between two variables PLCR and troponin also showed a significant positive correlation. Following an increase in the proportion of large platelets, the serum levels of troponin were increased in the affected patients. Mean of the MPV, PLCR and PDW were obtained (10. 37, 27. 74, 12. 15femtoliter), respectively. Conclusion: Platelet indexes of the MPV, PLCR and PDW can be considered as potent and nondependent prognostic factors in the patients with acute myocardial infarction. In this study, P-LCR was more pronounced than other platelet indexes.