Strategic Studies of Culture
Year:2025 | Volume:5 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Law evasion is one of the persistent social challenges in Iran, with far-reaching consequences for public order, political legitimacy, and sustainable development. This study aims to examine the multifaceted dimensions of law evasion by conducting a qualitative meta-synthesis (meta-aggregation) based on a systematic review of 25 peer-reviewed Iranian studies published between 2005 and 2021.Findings reveal that law evasion in Iran is influenced by a combination of demographic, social, economic, cultural, political, managerial, and environmental factors. Theoretical frameworks such as Durkheim and Merton's anomie theory, Hirschi’s social control theory, Putnam’s social capital theory, and the theory of social bonds were most frequently applied in explaining this phenomenon.To effectively address law evasion, policy actions are needed at multiple levels: strengthening social capital through trust-building and civic engagement, enhancing procedural justice and fair enforcement of the law, promoting a culture of law-abiding behavior through education and media, restoring institutional legitimacy, supporting vulnerable groups, and reforming supervisory and executive structures. These findings offer valuable insights for evidence-based policymaking and preventive strategies to reduce law evasion in the Iranian context

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Iran and Tajikistan both belong to the geographical, civilizational and cultural area of ​​Greater Iran and therefore have many cultural and historical similarities. These cultural similarities, like political and economic relations, provide a basis for relations between the two countries. Accordingly, this research seeks to answer the question of what are the challenges and opportunities of Iran's cultural diplomacy towards Tajikistan? The hypothesis of this research in answering the present question includes components as opportunities and challenges of cultural diplomacy between the two countries. In this way, the Persian language, Nowruz, common history, ethnic affiliations and religious commonalities and customs as opportunities for cultural diplomacy between the two countries can lead to greater convergence between Iran and Tajikistan, which requires the adoption of a sustainable policy and continuous follow-up by the country's cultural diplomacy apparatus to exploit these opportunities well. The challenges of cultural diplomacy between Iran and Tajikistan are also divided into two levels: internal and external. Challenges at the domestic level, including the lack of a realistic approach in relations between the two countries and the lack of coordination and parallel work between the institutions in charge of Iran's cultural diplomacy, and at the external level, the activities of regional and trans-regional competitors with conflicting interests with Iran at the Tajik level and their efforts to exert cultural and political influence on the public and elite spheres of this country, are the most important challenges to cultural diplomacy in relations between the two countries.

The position of research units is the arm of policy-making and implementing institutions, and this important mission in the field of culture is doubly important given their connection to people's daily lives and their sustainable and long-term effects. Therefore, evaluating these research units is essential, and this requires accurate and workable indicators. The aim of the present study is to achieve a general framework of indicators in evaluating research units in the field of culture, in which the requirements for promoting these research units and the association of the cultural research system with cultural governance are considered. The approach of this study is qualitative and the method of its implementation is content analysis, the data of which were collected through semi-structured interviews. According to the results of the study, the evaluation indicators of research units in the field of culture include individual-oriented, quantitative, cultural and general indicators, which should be considered in their design in terms of the statute of the research unit, the time of its establishment, avoiding generality, and paying simultaneous attention to quantitative and qualitative indicators. Also, in order to promote research units in the field of culture, attention should be paid to the status of these units, their proximity to policy-making and implementing institutions, the need for a coordinating organization to increase synergy and reduce parallel work in the field of cultural research, the existence of a research secretariat in cultural organizations, and connections to universities, etc.

Contemplating about middle class in Iran society has always been a salient and controversial issue. In such a manner, doing research on the identity of middle class members can be considered as a useful and practical investigation. This research aims at describing and analyzing various dimensions of middle class members’ identity in 80s and 90s in Tehran. I carried out my research thanks to Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens’ theoretical perspectives on social class and identity. The main methods of data collection were life history and focus group. In this way, I interviewed 15 middle class members based on theoretical sampling, and continued interviews until I reached theoretical saturation. Furthermore, data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of the content analysis method. According to the findings of this research, while the collective, religious, and political dimensions of middle class members’ identity were considerably powerful in 80s and 90s, such dimensions have been dramatically weakened since mid-90s.

The aim of this paper is to examine the barriers to the publishing and development of video games in Iran. Video games are a form of media that play a significant role in entertainment, education, and cultural engagement, particularly for adolescents and young adults. Technological advancements have facilitated public access to various types of games. Despite some efforts, the development of indigenous video games in Iran faces several challenges. This paper investigates the challenges of developing and publishing the video game industry in Iran. To develop a theoretical framework, the study utilizes the grounded theory method, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with 10 publishers and investors in the field. The findings of the study revealed four categories of factors, including institutional relations, media relations, economic relations, and technical relations, as key barriers to the development and publishing of video games in Iran. Additionally, the study identified five main factors affecting development, such as weaknesses in defining quality standards for game evaluation, inadequate human resource supply, a weak legal structure, monopolistic practices, lack of competitive space, and cultural misalignment. Finally, the study concludes that four categories of strategies—policy strategies, avoidance strategies, supportive strategies, and event-based strategies—can be effective in overcoming the barriers to the development of the video game industry in Iran.

Today, cultural, recreational, and commercial complexes, as multifunctional spaces, play a crucial role in meeting families' leisure needs. With the growing competition among these centers, families’ choices depend on the unique characteristics of each complex that influence their decision-making processes. This study aims to examine family behavior and the criteria affecting the selection of cultural, recreational, and commercial complexes through a systematic review method. By analyzing previous studies, the research identifies families' needs and expectations.The ultimate goal is to enable managers and designers of these complexes to create environments that not only meet customers’ needs but also provide a memorable and motivating experience for repeat visits. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the Kotler-Keller consumer behavior model, which explains the purchasing decision-making process in five stages.The research findings reveal that in selecting such complexes, families consider not only economic needs but also recreational, social, and cultural aspects. Key factors influencing family decision-making include location, reasonable costs, attractive design, cultural identity, and marketing campaigns. Additionally, a satisfying post-purchase experience fosters customer loyalty, repeat visits, and positive word-of-mouth recommendations.

Introduction: The family is the primary context in which the process of socialization and the quality of people’s lifestyles are shaped. As an essential element of both individual and societal life, the family can play a productive role if it is able to express itself in the most desirable way and function effectively. The house, as the main setting of family life, contributes to the formation of individual personality and lifestyle, and plays a fundamental role in meeting people’s needs and aspirations. The relationship between the individual and the house is reciprocal: while human lifestyles influence the architecture of residential spaces, architectural design also directly affects family lifestyles. Thus, the way in which living spaces are designed is of great significance. The central research question is: What are the most important dimensions of family lifestyle, and how does each of them affect housing architecture?Method: The research employed a deductive content analysis method, chosen to organize the raw data obtained from existing studies. During the review of sources, an effort was made to move beyond the surface level of the texts and to identify both explicit and implicit criteria. These criteria were then coded and organized into relevant tables in order to achieve a more comprehensive result. Titles relevant to the research were identified across books, published articles, research reports, and theses. For internal sources, databases were searched using titles, abstracts, and keywords such as lifestyle, housing, family, and housing architecture. For external sources, 230 relevant studies were identified through reliable databases using similar keywords including housing design, lifestyle, family, and housing architecture.In the initial coding process, criteria with maximum thematic relevance to the research topic were extracted and categorized as 38 effective lifestyle criteria (Table 2). These were then synthesized into a preliminary framework of family lifestyle factors influencing housing design, grouped under ten general components: (1) sociological, (2) cultural, (3) social, (4) political, (5) religious, (6) economic, (7) geographical, (8) health-oriented, (9) temporal (era-based), and (10) intrinsic motivation/personal taste.In the second part of the study, these components and their subcomponents were categorized further, highlighting the relationship between lifestyle dimensions identified in the first stage and the architecture of human living spaces. Graphical analysis of the components showed that sociological and cultural factors held the highest relative frequency and importance in housing design, followed by social, economic, health-oriented, geographical, religious, political, and intrinsic motivation/personal taste dimensions.Conclusion: Family lifestyle can be understood as a relatively coherent set of behaviors and activities performed by family members in the course of daily life, encompassing diverse dimensions across social, cultural, political, economic, and other domains. Based on the findings of this study, several key lifestyle dimensions and their subcomponents were identified, including sociological factors such as gender, age, education, and family structure; geographical aspects such as climate, ethnicity, and nationality; economic considerations including income, occupation, consumerism, and economic inequality; cultural elements; health-oriented factors such as physical and mental health; belief-based aspects including religion and religious activities; political orientation and participation; social communication styles ranging from active to passive; intrinsic motivation and personal taste such as digital or minimalist lifestyles; and temporal aspects related to historical periods or eras. Each of these dimensions directly influences both family lifestyle and housing, which serves as the primary context for shaping daily behaviors and activities. Their impact on housing architecture manifests in physical aspects such as the type of residence (villa, apartment, residential complex), form and proportions (dimensions and scale), decorations, furniture, and spatial layout, as well as in non-physical aspects such as symbolic meanings, sense of belonging, perceptions of safety, and feelings of peace and comfort.