ISLAMIC ART
Year:2025 | Volume:22 | Issue:58|Papers Count:7

This research sought to discover the architectural pattern (language and dialect) of rural houses based on the space syntax method. By examining the space syntax components in the studied houses, while explaining the differences and similarities in their spatial structure, a unified pattern of their architectural language and dialect was identified. Although this pattern is heterogeneous due to differences in the spatial structure of the studied contexts, it can serve as a basis for the rural housing model in Ilam Province. The research method is descriptive-analytical with logical reasoning of software-generated data. The statistical population consisted of 20 rural houses selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. This study used visual analysis factors of isovist, including "visible area of the entire plan," "visual compactness," "visible angle," "flexibility (mystery)," and axial analysis of "choice" and "connectivity degree." Data analysis was conducted using AutoCAD and DepthMap software. Connectivity, public and private domains, legibility, visual privacy, visual access, and visual orientation in rural houses also demonstrate a hierarchical organization of spaces based on their public and private levels. In analyzing the overall architectural pattern and spatial arrangement of rural houses, a cohesive design approach can be observed, characterized by linear and repetitive organization with shared elements and clear spatial hierarchies. The houses exhibit a linear pattern following a specific arrangement along a central axis, creating a sense of order and continuity.Research Objectives:Identifying the architectural language of rural houses in Ilam Province.Explaining the application of space syntax in evaluating the architectural spaces of rural residences in Ilam Province.Research Questions:What cognitive insights does the examination of architectural spaces based on graph theory and space syntax provide regarding the rural residential architecture of Ilam Province?How can the dialect of spatial organization in rural houses of Ilam Province be formulated?

The prominent role of communication in today's world drives individuals, particularly the youth and university students, towards learning other languages. What proves to be highly significant midway through the educational process is the skill of reading and comprehending the text by the language learner. The objective of this research is to assess the reading comprehension of Persian-speaking undergraduate students learning German when using classified literary texts within a curriculum framework at the "A2" language level. Furthermore, examining metacognitive strategies in teaching the art of design is another focus of this study. In this research, an attempt was made to select stories from German literature, and to facilitate and accelerate the comprehension of these texts, metacognitive strategies for enhancing reading comprehension skills were employed. Accordingly, using a quasi-experimental research method with a pre-test/post-test design on a statistical population of 40 undergraduate translation students at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, the effects of this strategy on the German language learners' reading comprehension skills were studied, and the performance of this strategy in understanding German literary texts was compared between experimental and control groups. The obtained results indicated that teaching metacognitive strategies can significantly improve the component of reading comprehension (P<0.01). The comparison of the two groups' performance in the pre-test and post-test based on comprehension levels over an instructional period showed a direct and significant relationship between implementing a curriculum based on metacognitive strategies and the level of reading comprehension. Therefore, utilizing a curriculum for teaching the comprehension of literary texts can be employed by German language instructors. The metacognitive approach also plays an effective role in teaching the art of design.Research Objectives:Assessing the reading comprehension of Persian-speaking undergraduate students learning German when using classified literary texts within a curriculum framework at the "A2" language level.Investigating the teaching of metacognitive strategies on the reading comprehension component in Persian-speaking undergraduate students learning German.Research Questions:Does the use of classified literary texts aid the reading comprehension of Persian-speaking undergraduate students learning German?How are the metacognitive strategies for the reading comprehension component in Persian-speaking undergraduate students learning German?

Formalist concepts were influential in the foundations of 20th-century modern painting, particularly in Iran’s modernist painting, which emerged in the 1940s (1320s SH). During this period, both female and male painters played significant roles in advancing modernism, each employing traditional and Islamic elements in distinct ways within their artistic creations. This study, utilizing Bloomsbury’s formalist theory and a descriptive-analytical method, conducts a comparative analysis of the use of traditional and Islamic elements in the works of three female painters—Behjat Sadr, Mansoureh Hosseini, and Iran Darroudi—and three male painters—Hossein Zenderoudi, Mohammad Ehsai, and Sadegh Tabrizi. The research data was gathered through library and archival studies.The findings reveal that female painters predominantly used traditional and Islamic elements to express personal, abstract, and emotional experiences, whereas male painters focused more on reviving national and religious identity through calligraphic forms and Islamic motifs. Additionally, the influence of non-Western cultural and civilizational characteristics in shaping innovative forms was more pronounced in the works of female artists, particularly Mansoureh Hosseini and Iran Darroudi, compared to Behjat Sadr. On the other hand, the works of Zenderoudi, Ehsai, and Tabrizi demonstrate that the connection between calligraphy and modern painting in male artists was pursued in a more structured manner, influenced by identity-driven movements following the Islamic Revolution.This study shows that male painters reconstructed a national-religious identity by relying on calligraphy and Islamic motifs, while female painters used light, abstract spaces, and mystical elements to offer personal reinterpretations of Islamic concepts.Research Objectives:Examining the formal, technical, and conceptual differences between the works of contemporary modernist male and female painters in their use of traditional and Islamic elements.Investigating the social, cultural, and historical influences on how contemporary modernist male and female painters engage with tradition and Islam in their paintings.Research Questions:What are the formal, technical, and conceptual differences between the works of contemporary modernist male and female painters in their use of traditional and Islamic elements?How do social, cultural, and historical influences shape the approaches of contemporary modernist male and female painters to tradition and Islam in their paintings?

This study examines and analyzes the visual structure of several Persian miniature paintings that depict spaces resembling certain techniques in world cinema. Artistic techniques and cinematic styles are interconnected subjects, and this research explores how Persian miniature techniques—such as simultaneity, image-making over realism, the absence of emotional reflection in faces, and the subject’s direct gaze at the viewer—have been employed in cinema. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of these techniques for filmmakers, artists, and those interested in artistic creativity. Using a qualitative and quantitative analytical approach, the research synthesizes three intertwined processes: description (what), evaluation (how), and analysis (why). Through this inductive method and scientific approach, a comprehensive picture of the techniques shared between Persian miniatures and cinema emerges.Research Objectives:Examine select structural elements of Persian miniature painting and the interpretive principles governing them in works by prominent Persian miniaturists.Analyze the qualitative and quantitative details derived from the three intertwined processes of description, evaluation, and analysis.Research Questions:What are the structural elements of Persian miniature painting and the interpretive principles governing them?How do the qualitative and quantitative details derived from the three processes of description, evaluation, and analysis manifest?

Didactic poetry has an ancient background in Persian literature, and religious poetry is one of its types. This branch of poetry has flourished more in recent decades and is recognized in the Persian literary heritage under titles such as religious literature, devotional literature, occasional literature, and the like. Religious poetry also has a clear manifestation in the mourning ceremonies of the contemporary period. Religious teachings constitute the most fundamental themes of didactic poetry. Its purpose includes education and upbringing within the framework of wisdom and ethics, which is expressed in an artistic language. This research, conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, examines the didactic themes in the religious poems of Seyyed Hamidreza Baraghi and the art of "Ta'zieh" to demonstrate the wide spectrum of the presence of this type of poetry, which includes monotheistic poems, religious praise and eulogy, and religious elegies in Baraghi's poetry. In Baraghi's poems, beauty, skill, and thought in teaching are beautifully intertwined; this process is accompanied by religious thought and values. One of the advantages of Baraghi's poetry is that it connects with diverse religious tastes and temperaments and is highly effective in strengthening the concept of mahabbat (divine love/loving devotion) – a mahabbat that is accompanied by ma'rifat (gnosis/spiritual knowledge) and arouses the emotions of the audience. This style of poetry also plays an important role in contemporary mourning ceremonies centered on Ta'zieh.Research Objectives:Introduction and explanation of the components of religious poetry.Recognition of the manifestations of religious themes in the poetry of Seyyed Hamidreza Baraghi and contemporary mourning ceremonies.Research Questions:How are the mechanism, mindset, and language of the poet in expressing religious themes?How are the manifestations of religious themes manifested in the poetry of Seyyed Hamidreza Baraghi and contemporary mourning ceremonies?

The focus of Heidegger’s analyses on death-awareness and the possibility of breaking free from subjectivity—along with the connection between these concepts in his thought—opens new avenues for understanding Islamic art. Through this lens, art, and particularly Islamic art, can be viewed and analyzed from a fresh perspective. Heidegger argues that death-awareness is a fundamental element of human existence that helps individuals transcend the limitations of subjectivity—a viewpoint that regards humans as independent, isolated subjects interpreting reality through human experiences and concepts. By becoming aware of their mortality, humans recognize the temporary and finite nature of their existence, which ultimately leads to nothingness. This awareness fosters humility before existence, liberating them from self-centeredness and domination, a principle also emphasized in Islamic teachings.This study, conducted through an analytical-descriptive method, argues that there are significant connections between Heidegger’s ideas and Islamic art, particularly in the realms of ontology, aesthetics, and phenomenology. Thus, death-awareness can lead to a new understanding of Islamic art. Islamic art is spiritual and metaphysical, emphasizing the relationship between humans, existence, and other beings. Death-awareness can help Muslim artists move beyond worldly appearances and focus on the truth of existence. Furthermore, it can deepen the audience’s engagement with Islamic art, enabling them to grasp its spiritual messages and attain truth.Research Objectives:Examining death-awareness and liberation from subjectivity in Heidegger’s thought.Analyzing and comparing Heidegger’s theories with the principles of Islamic art in ontology, aesthetics, and phenomenology.Research Questions:How does Heidegger conceptualize death-awareness and liberation from subjectivity?What similarities and differences exist between Heidegger’s theories and the principles of Islamic art, particularly in ontology, aesthetics, and phenomenology?