JOURNAL OF BORDER STUDIES
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:4 (26)|Papers Count:7

Background and Aim: Marivan city in Kurdistan province is one of the border areas of the country, the development of which is related to the issue of security in various ways. Investing in the city's tourism and economic potential requires, first and foremost, a sense of security for citizens living in Marivan. Accordingly, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the sense of security of the citizens of the city of Marivan and the difference in the sense of security according to their general characteristics. The sense of security in this study is measured in four dimensions: sense of life, financial security, prestige and sense of public comfort. Method: Due to the sensitivity of the subject and the characteristics of the statistical population, in this research, quantitative methods (self-implementation questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview and group discussion) have been used. Together, these two methods provide a more accurate and in-depth understanding of the subject matter. Findings and Results: The research findings show that citizens' sense of security is at an appropriate level in the four dimensions studied and also the result of these four dimensions is the sense of security. The qualitative findings of the study indicate that citizens have a lower level of security in the city compared to the past and a higher level of security in the city of Marivan compared to other cities. Citizens' sense of security differs significantly in terms of gender, education, and job status, and is inversely related to length of stay in the city. The preparation of various reports from the city of Marivan in the national media and the introduction of tourist attractions and economic capacities of this city along with its security situation have made the citizens of other provinces more familiar with the city of Marivan and improved their views on this. The city helps.

Background and Aim: Significant development in different parts of a country, especially in the border areas, is of particular importance due to its geopolitical sensitivity. The development of sustainable security in the eastern border areas of the country has been one of the main concerns of governments and so far many strategies for the development of border areas have been considered. For this reason, this study intends to examine the level of development of the villages of Torbat-e-Jam city and identify the deprived and privileged villages of the city Method: The descriptive-analytical research method and data collection method is library. To determine and analyze the levels of development, Vikor model has been used by selecting 51 indicators in the form of 9 dimensions in the rural areas of Torbat-e-Jameh city. Using Excel and Arc GIS software, developmental spatial analysis maps are drawn in the study area. Results and Results: The final ranking results based on Vikor model showed that Dasht-e-Jameh and Karizan villages have a higher level of development than other villages and Salehabad and Janatabad villages are the least developed villages in the city, respectively. Be. Also, findings The CV of all dimensions showed that the studied villages are very unstable in political-administrative dimensions and have more stability in health-treatment dimension than other dimensions.

Security is important in border areas, especially in border areas. At present, issues related to the sustainable security of border areas are very important because they threaten national security in the event of any border disputes and insecurity in these areas. What can affect the security of border areas is identifying the factors that affect it and trying to overcome the challenges and strengthen opportunities. In recent years, the Sardasht border region has witnessed an increase in smuggling of goods and anti-militant groups, which has led to insecurity in the region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the promotion of sustainable security in the border city of Sardasht. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on survey. The statistical population of the study is experts and experts related to the subject of security, which is the sample size of 35 people using the snowball method. The analysis method is based on SWOT strategic model. The results show that the security situation in the border region of Sardasht is in an aggressive state of SO. Among the components of the strengths of "the existence of border markets", "accurate and strong supervision of the police and border guards at the city limits" as the factors affecting the promotion of security in the border city of Sardasht have the greatest impact. Also, "the spread of smuggling and its negative feedback on security", "unequal development and at the same time border security infrastructure" are some of the weaknesses of this region. Among the opportunities were "media performance and increased security", "the existence of a common language and religion of residents on both sides of the border", and among the threats, "the gap between people and officials", "the spread of smuggling" had the greatest impact. They promote sustainable security.

Background and Purpose: Today, one of the ways to save Rurals from poverty, immigration, social and economic problems, and the development of tourism in areas prone to rural tourism. Regarding this, the present study seeks to identify the capabilities and bottlenecks of rural tourism in the Pishin part border of Sarbaz county using a set of internal factors (strength, weakness) and set of external factors (opportunity, threat(. Method: The research method is descriptive-analytic and survey type. Two groups (rural households and authorities) have participated in this research. The Pishin part border has 85 rural with 34, 270 people in the form of 8250 rural households. Accordingly, 450 rural households in 25 studied villages were selected using randomized sampling method, taking into account their potentials and attractions and their geographic location along with 27 tourism officials. Data gathering and data are required by documentary and library studies and field studies. Data analysis using SWOT technique has analyzed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism and possible strategies for tourism development in the region. Findings and results: Based on the results, 8 strengths, 6 weaknesses, 6 opportunities and 6 threats were identified as the most important capabilities and bottlenecks of tourism development in border rural areas from the perspective of people and officials. And the defensive zone was defined as a strategic zone and appropriate strategies were developed.

Unauthorized border crossings can affect national security, economics, culture and social status, and the vastness of the country's south-east boundaries, along with the geographical, climatic, infrastructure and cultural status of those areas, make it even more challenging. The purpose of this study is to determine the type of applied purpose, the extent, the depth, and the time, a cross-sectional study. Research Method In this study, Delphi Classic uses interviewing techniques and prioritizing barriers through a checklist derived from interviews and sources. The statistical population of the study includes commanders of company and border checkpoints in south east of the country. Purposeful sampling and sample size in this study were 16 people who were interviewed and questionnaires in four stages. Findings showed that of the 50 barriers identified, the most barriers to dealing with unauthorized border traffic were social and environmental factors, cultural factors, and structural and physical factors. Socio-environmental factors include high levels of border vacancy, unemployment and lack of employment and high volume of incoming nationals; Trafficking in human beings is among the border guards; structural and physical factors include: lack of detention, facilitation of returnees, lack of detention, and lack of legal and judicial protection of border guards. In prioritizing these factors, respectively, socio-environmental factors, structural and physical factors, and cultural factors are involved in counteracting unauthorized border traffic.

The border regions of West Azerbaijan have unstable demographic conditions (quantitative and qualitative) due to weak development conditions. Changes in the demographic structure of urban and rural settlements in the border regions of the province follow the development and security conditions of these areas. The purpose of the present study is to assess the level of the superstructure, infrastructure and management of borderline growth and identify the impact of Development Indicators on Demographic Stability. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is consists of residents of all villages and border towns of the province. Sample volume was extracted from Cochran formula and classified by random sampling method. The results show that the growth of management, infrastructure and superstructure indicators significantly predict population growth and have a significant relationship with them. In other words, by increasing a standard deviation in the growth indexes, will increase the population growth rate to 118% of the standard deviation. However, there is no solid relationship between the growth of the indicators of management, infrastructure and suppression and security. Because their significance at the 95% confidence level is more than 0. 05. Also, the results of spatial analysis in different cities indicate that growth indices differ in all dimensions in different border regions. The F value at 95% confidence level is 27. 41 in the management growth dimension and its significant value is zero.

The border regions of West Azerbaijan have unstable demographic conditions (quantitative and qualitative) due to weak development conditions. Changes in the demographic structure of urban and rural settlements in the border regions of the province follow the development and security conditions of these areas. The purpose of the present study is to assess the level of the superstructure, infrastructure and management of borderline growth and identify the impact of Development Indicators on Demographic Stability. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is consists of residents of all villages and border towns of the province. Sample volume was extracted from Cochran formula and classified by random sampling method. The results show that the growth of management, infrastructure and superstructure indicators significantly predict population growth and have a significant relationship with them. In other words, by increasing a standard deviation in the growth indexes, will increase the population growth rate to 118% of the standard deviation. However, there is no solid relationship between the growth of the indicators of management, infrastructure and suppression and security. Because their significance at the 95% confidence level is more than 0. 05. Also, the results of spatial analysis in different cities indicate that growth indices differ in all dimensions in different border regions. The F value at 95% confidence level is 27. 41 in the management growth dimension and its significant value is zero.