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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-12
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    348
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hü bner is one of the most important pests of sugar beet. Due to the problems associated with the use of chemical pesticides against of this pest, the use of biopesticides in integrated management program is recommended. Therefore, in this research, effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, SeNPV virus, Spinosad and Emamectin on 3rd larval instar of beet armyworm in laboratory and field conditions were evaluated. In laboratory experiments, LC50 values of different concentrations of B. thuringiensis, SeNPV virus, Spinosad and Emamectin after 24, 48 and 72 hours were determined by probit analysis. Also, the effects of each compound using Henderson-Tilton method and GLM analysis after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days were evaluated in field conditions. The results of probit analysis of different concentrations of Bt., Spinosad and Emamectin after 24, 48 and 72 hours were (3588. 5, 1. 25, 1. 89), (1954. 87, 0. 95, 1. 33) and (1843. 25, 0. 78, 1. 20) mg/L, and for SeNPV (5. 34×105, 4. 31×105, 4. 14 ×105) OBs. ml, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest mortality due to Bt., SeNPV, Spinosad and Emamectin in field conditions after 21 days were related to Emamectin (61. 33) and SeNPV virus (32. 00) %. The highest and lowest percentages of damage were observed in the SeNPV virus, control and the Emamectin and Spinosad, respectively. Based on laboratory and field bioassay, Spinosad and Emamectin, as the most effective compounds for controlling this pest and virus and Bt for integrated pest management are recommended.

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Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    13-23
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    263
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Biodiversity plays an important role in sustainability of agricultural systems. The purpose of this research was to evaluate biodiversity of some important arthropod orders in cultivation patterns of safflower and chickpea. Experimental treatments included of monoculture of safflower, monocultureof chickpea, replacement series consisted of 4: 4, 2: 2, 1: 1, 3: 1, 1: 3 and additive series consisted of 20% and 40% chickpea in two situations of between (I) and around (II) of safflower rows. This research was conducted in field condition at Kurdistan University during 2015-2016 growing seasons. Experiment was conducted at randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Results showed that cultivation patterns had significant effect on arthropod order biodiversity based on Shannon-Weiner and inverse Simpson indexes. The most number (93%) of samples were insects. In comparison with different intercropping series, highest and lowest of biodiversity values belonged to 1: 3 and 20%I, respectively. Arthropod biodiversity in most of intercropping ratios was higher than safflower monoculture. Finally, selection of suitable cropping system is an important factor in designation of arthropod population and biodiversity.

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Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    25-36
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    340
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi, is the most important pest of olive and there are different methods for controlling adult olive fruit fly including the use of food attractants. The aim of performing this research was to determine the efficacy of products prepared from aquatic animal wastes under the commercial name of Aminohircan® in comparison to other attractants. The experiments were performed in five treatments with four replicates each in Guilan and Qazvin provinces during the years 2014 and 2015. The treatments included: 1. Imported protein hydrolyzate of Mcphail trap (Agrisense® Corporation) 3%, 2. Plastic bottle containing imported Protein hydrolyzate (Agrisense® Corporation) of Olipe trap 3%, 3. Marine animal waste protein (Aminohircan® ) of Mcphail trap 4%, 4. Plastic bottle containing marine animal waste protein (Aminohircan® ) 4%, and 5. Yellow sticky traps with olive fruit fly sex pheromone. Sampling was performed weekly and the results of this investigation showed that the mean of male insects’ attraction in Guilan province with Marine protein (Aminohircan® ) in Mcphail trap (6. 55 ± 0. 73) and with yellow sticky traps with sex pheromone (6. 76 ± 0. 14) were are not significantly different. While the yellow sticky traps with sex pheromone (6. 47 ± 1. 37) attracted the highest number of male olive fruit fly in Ghazvin province. The attraction of female fruit flies in Guilan and Ghazvin provinces with Mcphail trap (Aminohircan® ) showed the highest rates of 5. 93 ± 1. 08 and 4. 45 ± 0. 37 attraction rates, respectively. Based on these results, the marine animal wastes (Aminohircan® ) can be considered as a suitable compound in attracting and monitoring of olive fruit fly population.

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Author(s): 

ALIZADEH S. | SAFAVI S.A.

Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    37-49
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1776
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae is one of the most important insect pests of cabbage in Iran. Chemical insecticides are considered as the key tools in controlling this pest. However, a major issue with these synthetic chemicals is cabbage contamination with their residues and as well as development of resistance by the pest. The present study evaluated the toxicity of spirotetramat, spiromesifen, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin and azadirachtin to the cabbage aphid through contact, systemic and contact-systemic methods. Different bioassay methods were applied to assess the probable differences in toxicity of these insecticides. The results showed that thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was more effective than three other insecticides to adult cabbage aphid with contact method and was more lethal than the spirotetramat in the systemic method on adult cabbage aphid. Spiromesifen was less effective than three other insecticides on adults in contact-systemic method. Thiamethoxam + lambda cyhalothrin was more effective than the spiromesifen on the nymphs by contact than spirotetramat and azadirachtin by systemic methods. In the contact-systemic method, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was more effective than spiromesifen and azadirachtin on nymphs. The results indicated higher toxicity of thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin on the adult and nymphal stages of B. brassicae. Hence, it can be recommended in integrated management programs for the control of this pest.

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Author(s): 

EMAMI M.S.

Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    51-61
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    273
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Flowering plants can attract and retain natural enemies and increase their longevity and fecundity by providing pollen and nectar. In this study the effect of flowering plants including: yarrow (Achillea millefolium subsp. elbursensis), thyme (Thymus daenensis), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were investigated on eggs parasitism of Ectomyelois ceratoniae by Trichogramma brassicae in Isfahan pomegranate orchards during 2009-2011. Relative attractiveness of floral plants to T. brassicae was assessed using Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv. ) egg cards. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and mean comparison were performed using Duncan's multiple range test. The results indicated that fennel planting caused the highest parasitism (6. 72%) of the pest eggs and the lowest damage of fruits (24. 92%). The Fennel was the most preferred flower to attract Trichogramma wasps (11. 19%) among the floral plants tested. In order to improve the biological control of the pest, it is recommended that planting flowering plants can be considered in integrated pomegranate moth management.

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Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    63-73
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    387
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The GIS is a computer system for storing, processing and displaying land reference data that is used to assist in decision making in specific crop management. In this study, the technology of GIS has been used as a quick and easy solution in monitoring Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin). The aim of this research was to prepare a digital map of distribution and density of pest, to determine the outbreak points and the direction of contamination spreading and determining the areas of orchards infested by the pest in Bam and Browat. For this purpose, orchards of the Bam and Browat area were networked using Google Earth, then from each cell, an orchard, and in total in 41 orchards, the density of pest was measured using pest and honeydew counts. Then, the data were entered into the GIS so that the distribution maps and pest density were developed and evaluated. The results showed that in most orchards where pest density was measured, the damage was moderate to high. In more than 69% of the orchards, the density of Dubas bug (O. lybicus) was moderate, high and very high. For this reason, it can be said that more than 69% of the orchards in the area need immediate attention. These orchards should also be reconsidered for redesigning and improving practices such as reducing tree density, pruning and fighting pests. The severity of pest infestation in the northeastern and southeastern boundaries and generally in the east and south of the region is much higher than the northwest of the area. Therefore, the control practices should be focused on regions ranging from 58 degrees and 22 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees 7 minutes northern latitude to 58 degrees and 29 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees 2 minutes northern latitude. The elevation map showed that in a distance of 21. 5 km there was altitude differences between regions, the altitude increased from 975 m in south of Brovat to 1190 m in north of Bam. From south of Browat area to the north of Bam, the severity of pest density has decreased. From the results, this level of information can be ascertained that as the altitude increased, the severity of the pest decreased. The total area of the date palm orchards of Bam and Brovat was estimated 3647 hectares calculated with the help of satellite image of Sentinel 2 and controlled by the classified classification. The area of gardens where the average pest density was moderate to very high was 2533 hectares.

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Journal: 

PLANT PEST RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    75-93
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    305
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most important phytophagous pests where high reliance on chemical pesticides to subsidize its population density resulted in undesirable effects. The use of natural enemies could be considered promising in reducing the negative impacts of earlier methods. In the present study, the LC50 (1. 3 × 107 spore/ml) of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals. ) Vuill. (strain MZ) was used in on a choice and no-choice predation test, feeding preference and switching behavior of predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot feeding on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite (egg, larvae, protonymph, deutonymph, adult male and adult female) in laboratory condition. According to results obtained, in no-choice test (i. e. without B. bassiana), the highest predation rate of predatory mite was observed to egg stage (15. 22 ± 0. 57 egg). In the test (with B. bassiana), the highest predation rate was recorded on the larvae of T. urticae (4. 90 ± 0. 64 larvae). In choice test (without B. bassiana), the highest predation was observed on egg stage (14. 75 ± 0. 56 egg). In the test (with B. bassiana), the highest predation was recorded on larvae (9. 90 ± 0. 53 larvae). The highest calculated value of Manly’ s β index (without B. bassiana) was obtained on egg stage (0. 89 ± 0. 03). The estimated value of this parameter after treatment of different stages of prey with B. bassiana had the highest value on larval stage (0. 61 ± 0. 05). Switching behavior of P. persimilis was not observed in both with and without B. bassiana conditions. The present findings revealed that while using two natural enemies simultaneously, more attention should be devoted to evaluate their possible interactions.

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