JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS
Year:2018 | Volume:3 | Issue:1 (4)|Papers Count:6

Creative cities and regions lead to economic growth. Different theories have been propsed regarding the association between creativity and economic growth of cities and regions including: “ Human Capital Theory” presented by Glaeser, “ Creative Class theory” suggested by Florida and “ Cluster theory” . Such theories point out to the fact that creativity criteria play a key role in the economic growth of cities and regions. Therefore, recognizing the standards and criteria of creativity in cities could be very important. Regarding this, the current study first introduces and investigates the effective indicators of creativity in metropolises. Based on past studies and interviews with experts in this field, 111 indicators influencing the creativity of Iranian ci ties have been identified and introduced, from which 88 cases were used in this study due to insufficient data and statistics. Subsequently, the modified TOPSIS method was used to rank the metropolises. The results show that Tehran metropolis, based on the weight (0. 5, 0. 5), has the highest creativity with the creativity index of 0. 06. The metropolises Mashhad and Tabriz are the second and third in the ranking while Karaj is the last metropolis with the least creativity.

Destination managers would like to have a better understaning of the factors affecting destination choice by tourists. In the conventional demand side models, factors such as the income level in tourist origin countries, the price level in the destination and the exchange rate have been introduced as the core effective factors. Here some important theoretical bases such as Lancaster’ s theory of demand for multi dimensional products are ignored or not prefered because of the difficulties in practice. The following article would first focus on the theoretical basis of tourists’ destination choice and then will study the destination choice factors for tourists who visits Isfahan as a cultural historical destination. The sample volume was determined according to Morgan’ s schedule for infinite societies, and the sufficiency of sample was checked by KMO statistics. The questionnaire’ s face was confirmed by research team advisors and the reliability of questionnaire has been tested by Cronbach's Alpha test. Using factor analysis for a data set of 384 cultural heritage tourists, we found that: price level at the destination, authenticity and uniqueness of attractions, safety and security, attitude of local people and authorities toward the tourists, and level of tourism services at the destination are the most important factors in choosing cultural-historical destinations. The results indicate that 57. 414 percent of all affecting factors on destination choice have been explained by the introduced factors in this paper.

This study examines the nonlinear impact of urbanization on public sector expenditure in Iran during the years of 1960-2014. For this purpose, is used the Smooth Transition Regression model (STR) as one of the most prominent regime-switching models. The estimated STR model supports a nonlinear threshold behavior in the relationship between urbanization and public sector expenditure in the country in a two regime structures with a threshold (optimum) level of about 55. 28%. In the first regime, urbanization has a negative impact on public sector expenditure, because of positive external consequences and economies of scale in the production of public goods, but after crossing the threshold level (the amount of 55. 28 percent), in second regime, its impact is positive, due to occurrence of the phenomenon external crowded and some negative external consequences. Accordingly, it can be said that the hypothesis of U-shaped impact of the urbanization on public sector expenditure has been confirmed in the Iran.

Housing is one of the basic needs of household and not-substitutable goods, in other hand some agents invest in housing for capital gain. The housing sector is also one of the most important sectors of the economy in all countries. The connectivity of housing market with other sectors of the economy has led to the fact that the housing market has been affected by oil-oriented macroeconomic change and, conversely the housing market has a significant impact on other sectors of the economy, due to its large influence on firm and households' decisions. The research models and analyzes the effect of key factors of supply and demand on housing prices in the metropolitan areas of Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad and Qom during the years of 2000-2015, using panel data method. In particular, it emphasizes the characteristics of an oil economy, the role of urban land limitation, expectations and the housing supply cycle. The results show a negative relationship between housing prices with land scarcity index and supply cycle. Also, the results indicate a positive and significant relationship between prices with expectations and liquidity growth. Ultimately, it is suggested and recommended three solutions for stabilization of the housing market: (i) planning a flexible urban land policy, (ii) the introduction of an anti-cyclical policy using tax and Bank loans (iii) commitment to a low growth rate for M2.

Developing shopping centers in cities have made developer pay precisely attention to what is called optimal tenant mix. Proximities of similar and divers stores make shopping centers attractive and decrease costs for costumers. The benefits derived from these proximities is inter-store externalities. The purpose of this paper is determining optimal tenant mix for Isfahan City Center in period between December 2017 to March 2018. A pure-integer linear programming model in which total benefits of developer including the inter-store externalities is maximized has been used. Seven types of retails include jewelry, cosmetics, fashion, home appliances, furniture and interior decoration, food & beverage and café in tree size classes and tree location classes are considered. Comparing the optimum results with the real ones, show that the most compatible retails with the optimum mixture are jewelry, home appliances and furniture and interior decoration. In general the results show a more concentrative optimal solution than what is real mixture of retails. One of the reasons behind this outcome is because the inter-store externalities from diversity is not considered in the model.

Today, the proper management of project risk is one of the most important steps of project management in project-oriented organizations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the effects of different dimensions of risk breakdown structure (RBS) on the goals of on the purpose of Isfahan municipality construction projects. The present descriptive-survey research was a correlation type study. The statistical population of the study was based on purposive sampling in fifteen districts of Isfahan municipality. To write an RBS, the projects were classified based on urban areas and considering the scheduling programs and breakdown structure of municipality projects through interviewing with open and semi-structured questions. To collect data, a questionnaire that its validity and reliability had been confirmed, was used. After verifying the normality of the data, the PLS structural equation modeling technique was used to examine the assumptions at the third level of the RBS of Isfahan municipality’ s construction projects for the surface analysis of the hypotheses. The results of this study showed that in the third level, the risk-failure structure of 28 variables has a positive and significant effect as the main hypothesis. There are also 32 positive and significant variables from 131 sub-hypotheses of the research, and the risk of the consultant has a positive and significant effect on the goals of the project. The results also showed that the risk category resulting from the design of the first phase of the projects had the most positive and significant effect on the design of the second phase.