DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2009 | Volume:16 | Issue:83|Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: Quality of Life (QOL) is influenced by diseases and threatening conditions of the healthy situations. Parents of disabled children especially their mothers, tolerate lots of physical, spiritual and psychological stress. This study was aimed to determine the QOL of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and normal children to find out the effect of children’s disability on QOL of their mothers.Materials and Methods: This analytic cross sectional study was conducted in Tehran and the sampling method was based on accessible population. At this study, 300 mothers including 100 mothers of children with cerebral palsy,100 mothers of children with mental retardation and 100 mothers of normal children who were living in Tehran , filled up the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality Of Life- BREF) questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 26 questions in four domains including physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment. The data analysis were done by SPSS-16 software using Kolmogrov Smironov, Analyze of Variance, Tucky’s Post Hoc , Kruskal Wallis and mann-whitney U Tests. Results: The mean age of mothers was 30.1 years (SD=5.2).The educational status of the mothers was as following:( 24.3 % elementary educations, 52.3 % diploma and 23.3% university education). There were significant differences in all domains of QOL among mothers of healthy children with both mothers of children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation (p<0.001) but no significant difference was observed between QOL of mothers of mentally retarded and cerebral palsied children (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, clinicians and health policy makers must focus more on QOL of the mothers of disabled children in their programs especially in environmental accommodation such as establishing appropriate transportation system to meet the needs of disabled children. Supportive organizations such as welfare and social support organizations should concentrate more to support the mothers of disabled children.Psychological and social services such as social working and psychological consultation in rehabilitation centers should be empowered.

Background: The fear of aspiration of gastric contents and its life threatening consequences in patients have caused many medical practitioners to rigidly follow conservative order for clear fluids / liquids and solids frm midnight to the surgery time. This policy has been pursued more severely in case of pregnant women, leading the physicians to follow "nil per os policy".The scientific base of such a decision in parturient had been the urgent probable necessity for cesarean section and no confidence of safety of taking fluids sooner than two hours before the induction of anesthesia.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the incidence of regurgitation in two groups of pregnant women during general anesthesia for cesarean section with standard fasting policy and taking clear fluid an hour preceding the induction of anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out for 21 months in traing Niknafs medical center of Rafsanjan. The population consisted of the whole pregnant women who were scheduled for elective cesarean section.Women were excluded if they had any risk factors for regurgitation. All women fasted from midnight and were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. One-third was assigned to the fasting group and two-third participated in the fluid group. Those in the fluid group were given 150 ml carbohydrate 10% clear liquid about an hour preceding of induction anesthesia. The occurance of regurgitation was assessed by inserting the turnsole paper. Finally, the data of 411 cases were collected and analyzed.Results And Conclusion: There was one case of regurgitation in the fasting group and one case of regurgitation in the fluid group. There was no evidence to suggest that drinking clear fluid about one hour preceding cesarean section resulted in an increased risk of regurgitation. Moreover, There was no case of aspiration. Considering the scarcity of aspiration syndrome in our hospitals compared to European countries and lack of evidence sugst that a shortened fluid fast leads to the increased risk of aspiration and regurgitation, it seems appropriate to follow more flexible fasting policies for surgeries of pregnant women, especially among parturient.

Background and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread disease world wide. The infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Prophylactic measures, early detection of the infection and treatment can prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and many long-term effects. This study was corried out among single women referring to Kashan health center in (2007-2008.).Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 400 single women (age 14-35) was conducted by IFAT. Information related to age, job, diet, history of contact to cat and clinical findings were recorded. The results were analyzed descriptive methods. GMRT for total population and infected individuals was computed. Results: The total prevalence of infection was 20.5% (C.I = 20.5±3.84) in single women. The highest percentage of the infection (41.5%) prevailed among 19-23 years old. Among positive antibody individuals 83% were in titer 1/20 and 1.2% were in titer 1/800. 96.4% of them had positive IgG, while 3.6% had positive IgM. There was a significant difference between the positive antibody and raw meat, unhealthy water and job (P<0.05). GMRT for infected females was 1/30. Moreover, RF reaction in seropositive cases was negative.Conclusion: The findings, of this study pointed to the fact that antibody toxoplasma level was low in the investigated region. Therefore, attention should be paid to the spread of disease, particularly espcially to seronegative females. Preventive and control measures especially basic hygienic educational programs are required in order to reduce the rate of disease.

Background and Objective: The effect of Cynara scolymus L. (CS) feeding on serum glucose and lipids was investigated in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: Female rats were divided into equal-sized control CS-treated control, diabetic, and CS-treated diabetic groups. To induce diabetes, Streptozotcin (STZ) was intraperitoneally administered (60 mg/Kg, single dose). CS-treated groups received CS mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 6.25% for 6 weeks. Serum glucose and lipid levels were measured before the study and at weeks 3 and 6.Results: Serum glucose level showed a significant increase in diabetic animals (P<0.0001) and at 6th week, this was significantly attenuated in CS-treated diabetic group (P<0.005) compared to the untreated diabetics. Moreover, serum triglyceride level was inappropriately higher in CS-treated diabetic group compared to diabetics. In addition, serum total cholesterol level was non-significantly lower in CS-treated diabetic group compared to the diabetic one. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in CS-treated control and the diabetic groups as compared to the untreated control and diabetic groups (p<0.005-0.001). In addition, LDL-cholesterol reduced in treated diabetic rats compared to the diabetics (p<0.005).Conclusion: Oral administration of CS has hypoglycemic effect and leads to appropriate changes in serum HDL- and LDL-cholesterol in diabetic rats.

Background and Objective: Postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is very common. Various investigations prove the biological basis of PTSD. However, the hemispheric asymmetry has not been studied in these patients. The aim of this study was to find out the probability of hemispheric asymmetry in PTSD patient through EEG.Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive–comparative study in which 15 veterans with PTSD from among neurological clinic clients were selected and studied. The artifact free EEG epoch was analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and Power values of particular frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha and beta) were observed on the Frontal, Central and Occipital Regions. The results were analyzed for Descriptive Statistics and Paired Sample T-Test was performed.Results: The results of investigation indicated, that PTSD patients have hemispheric asymmetry in delta activity of Frontal, Central and Occipital regions as well as Alpha and Beta asymmetry in occipital region(P<0/001).Conclusion: It appears that the Alpha and Beta activity in Occipital region and Delta activity in Frontal, Central and Occipital regions are related to PTSD.

Background and Objective: Although there are numerous evidence that consumption of iron, as supplementary has remarkable positive effects on iron status in pregnant women at their delivery thin and later other research have revealed that relation the higher hemoglobin levels are related to the increased risk of bearing small in fants as a result of gestional age, still birth, pregnancy induced hypertension, intrauterine restriction, low birth weight of in fants, preterm birth, and perinatal death. In there cases, it seems that the normal increase of blood volume is decreased in pregnancy. This study seeks to investigate the efficacy of iron supplements on the infants in women with hemoglobin higher than 13.2 g/dl in 13th and 18th weeks of pregnancy.Materials and Methods: The research was conducted by considerating medical files of mothers and their infants that had a cquired the specific conditions of study the in six hospitals (Najmieh, Lolagar, Shariati, Hazrat Zeynab, maryam, & Baghiatollah). 725 pregnant women with zemoglobin concentration of higher than 13.2 g/dl in 13th and 18th weeks of pregnancy were randomly selected and divided into two groups of case group (n=432) and control group (n=293). The case group consumed one ferrous sulfate pill containing 50 mg iron daily from 20th weeks of pregnancy up to the end of their pregnancy, while the control group consumed placebo. At the beginning, these two groups were homogenious inpoint age, social economic situation, parity, previous adverse pregnancy outcomes, body mass index, time interval between the last pregnancy with the present one, and hemoglobin concentration. Results: The results of this study revealed that routine consumption of iron supplementats by pregnant women with hemoglobin concentration higher than 13.2 g/dl in 13th and 18th weeks of pregnancy compared to the pregnant women who had not received iron supplementats increased significantly the low birth weight, neonatal jaundice and polycythemia in their neonates. Furthermore, the means of hemoglobin concentration in their neonates were significantly higher than thase of the control group; however the mean of blood sugar concentration in their neonate was significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusion: It seems that during pregnancy the consumption of iron supplementats by pregnant women, will expose them to the increased risk of low birth weight, neonatal jaundice and polycitehemia in the neonats as a result of lack of suitable blood hemodilusion and ultimately damage of utero-placental circulation.

Background and Objective: Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphates (OPs) in agriculture. Toxic effects of diazinon are due to the inhibition of acetylcolinesterase, an enzyme needed for proper nervous system function. Investigates show that different classes of Ops may induce the production of free radicals and in cause disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in the kidney of rat. Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control (corn oil as diazinon solvent) and three groups of diazinon receiving different doeses (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. 24 hours after injection, the rats to ether anesthesia and the kidney tissue was removed. The hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined through biochemical methods. Results: The enhanced activities of CAT and SOD at doses higher than 30 mg/kg diazinon, and the increased MDA level at 100 mg/kg dose were observed; whereas, the GSH level was significantly decreased comparing to the control group.No significant changes were observed with regard to GST and LDH activities. Conclusion: Diazinon induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury.

Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients, who had been intubated.Meterials and Methods: All patients were placed in ICU during the last three month 2008. The endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in 308 cases was measured at twice by an expert. A standard manometer was used to measure the cuff pressure and it was calibrated before and after the measurement. Results: The results show indicated that 50% of cases 1 suffered from brain injuries and 63.6% of them were intubated as a result of brain problem. The value of cuff pressure was not standard in 31 cases at both times. In addition, the cuff pressure in 49% of cases was not standard at first, but after correction it decreased to 18.5%.This emphasizes the effectiveness of having supervision over cuff pressure in acceptable regular intervals by treatment team.Conclusion: It is suggested that along with recording the vital signs of the patieut, ETT cuff pressure beingrecorded at appropriate intervals as well.

Background and Objective: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is one of the common oral reactive oral lesions that often is generated in the tissues after mild trauma, in which connective tissues overgrowth with a very highly vascular stroma. The aim of this research is the study of its fairly common prevalence and fearful clinical features that may mislead the practitioner to faulty diagnosis.A series of 95 consecutive confirmed cases of oral pyogenic granuloma were selected after biopsy and histopathologic evaluation. The age, sex, anatomic location, consistency, etiological factor, pain and bleeding history, surface texture, and pedicle situation were recorded for them in a medical chart the data were analyzed by SPSS (11) statistical software. Chi-square test ( P<0.05). was performed to obtain the following results. PG is more common among females (64.2%) than males (35.8%), with increased prevalence in the second (27%) and fifth (23%) decades.It is more common in alveolar maxilla (56.8%) and anterior regions. It has a consistency of (76.8%) with ulcerated (65.3%) and bleeding surface (58.9%) In 65% of cases, the lesions have been pedanculated. Only in 8.4% of cases the pain was reported in addition, the most common recognized etiology was calculus (20%).Conclusion: Pyogenic granuloma is more common in females and in anterior region of jaws. It is happened most in 2nd and 5th decades and in maxilla with ulcerated surface and had tendency to bleed without pain. The most recognized etiology is calculus.