JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:3 (50)|Papers Count:8

Inroduction & Objective: Emerging contaminants of nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems cause stress response in aquatic animals and decrease their immune function. Therefore, use of immune stimuli such as prebiotics is very necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of prebiotic Pleurotus ostreatus on hematological indices of tilapia exposed to silver nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: 120 fish were distributed for 42 days in 4 treatments (3 replicates): control (1), no prebiotic fungi, treatment (2) food containing 0. 05, treatment (3) food containing 0. 1 and treatment (4) food contained 0. 2% prebiotic. Then, 0. 5 ppm of silver nanoparticles was exposed to each group for 16 days and blood parameters were examined. Results: Prebiotic alone had no significant effect on erythrocyte count, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cell (P <0. 05) but exposure to silver nanoparticles and prebiotic in combination increased the mentioned factors compared to the control and prebiotic treatments alone. However, the levels of white blood cells and erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH were higher than the other treatments in the combination of 0. 2 prebiotic and silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: Oral probiotics stimulate non-specific immunity in tilapia, the combined use of nano-silver and prebiotic mushrooms increase the amount of blood indices and reduce the destructive effects of nanosilver on blood indices. It is concluded that the 0. 2% prebiotic level could have the best effect on the blood indices of tilapia.

Inroduction & Objective: In the present study, the effect of fennel extract on Drosophila fertility and its role in probiotics were investigated. Probiotics with the activity of the gastrointestinal tract produce numerous vitamins and proteins that are needed for fertility in flies and in general in different organisms. Material and Method: Fennel extracts were divided into different concentrations. Concentrations containing 25, 50 and 75 mg / ml were added to the culture medium then the number of male spermatozoa were counted under light microscopy to be placed in A medium. Numbers of accessory gland cells, cell size and accessory gland size were observed by light microscopy. Also, accessory gland proteins were isolated and all data were analyzed by SPSS. PCR technique was also performed. Results: The mean number of sperm was 6440 and 3995, the number of accessory gland cells was 3502 and 1364, the size of accessory gland cells was 0. 0675 and 0. 0286 mm 2, the size of accessory gland was 0. 339 and 0. 391 cm 2, respectively. The protein of accessory gland 19/16 and 16/95 μ g, respectively, were in the concentration of fennel (75 mg / ml) and concentration (25 mg / ml), respectively. The results of analysis showed that fennel had a significant effect on increasing fertility. It showed that a band of approximately 300 bp was observed on the gel. Conclusion: The results showed that when the higher concentration of fennel extract (75mg / ml) was used in the culture medium, the fertility rate in male Drosophila was higher than the lower concentration (25mg / ml) and in the control group. In the present study, the presence of probiotics indicates changes in the culture medium and its effect on fertility rate.

Inroduction & Objective: In recent years, the use of medicinal plants has been considered to improve growth and immune system indices of fish. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the single and combined effects of Chicory and St John's-wort hydro-alcoholic extracts on growth indices and digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Material and Methods: For this purpose, 720 fish with an average body weight of 100± 5 g were randomly allocated to four distinct treatments including a control group, 3% chicory extract, 3% St John's-wort extract and a combined treatment containing 1. 5% chicory and 1. 5% St John's-wort extract. The experiments lasted for 12 weeks and growth indices (final weight, food conversion rate, specific growth rate, weight gain, condition factor and hepatosomatic index) and digestive enzymes activity (lipase, amylase and protease) were measured. Results: The highest and lowest weight gain, specific growth rate and hepatosomatic index were observed in 3% extract of chicory and 3% St John's-wort extract, respectively (p>0. 05). Also, the lowest food conversion ratio and the highest condition factor belonged to group received diet supplemented with 3% chicory (p>0. 05). The highest amylase and protease activity were observed in 3% chicory treatment (p<0. 05). In addition, the highest and lowest lipase activity was observed in 3% chicory and combined treatment, respectively, however they did not significantly differ (p>0. 05). Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of 3% chicory extract would improve the growth indices and digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout.

Inroduction & Objective: Stem cell therapy has introduced a new approach to repair and regeneration of organs and tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are able to differentiate into several cell lines, bone marrow is not an appropriate cell source due to the problem of cell division and low efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the healing potential of human MSCs obtained from three sources including Bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and fetal membrane decidua (DSCs) tissue in vitro. Material and Methods: MSCs were isolated from the human Bone marrow, Adipose tissue and decidua stromal cell, cultured for 10 passages, and assessed for: phenotype with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, multipotency with differentiation capacity for osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenesis, growth evaluation with population doubling time and population doubling level was performed. Results: Despite of similarities in terms of surface antigen expression and self-renewal capacity, MSCs of different sources demonstrated significant differences with regards to proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capacities. DSCs showed the highest cell proliferation capacity and appeared to preserve it up to the tenth passage whereas BM-MSCs possessed significant advantage for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and AT-MSCs showed the most potent adipogenic differentiation capacity among the others. Although demonstrating significant advantage for cell proliferation capacity, DSCs possessed the lowest osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities. Conclusion: Because AT-MSCs and DSCs as effectively as BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs and DSCs may constitute an alternative source for BM-MSCs.

Inroduction & Objective: Diazinon is an organophosphoric pesticide used in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of diazinon on testicular tissue in Danio rerio. Material and Methods: For this purpose, 240 male animals with mean weight of 0. 20 ± 0. 05 were subjected to 0. 8, 1. 6 and 3. 2 mg / l of diazinon and control for 30 days. Results: In histopathological study, the highest abnormality was observed in the highest dose (3. 2 mg / l) and the most important abnormality was reduction in gonad size. In control group, the testicular tissue had adequate size and growth, and the cells were in the sexual maturity stage, but in 0. 8 mg/ l, cellular atrophy and lose of lobular walls was observedIn 1. 6 mg / l, the degeneration and atrophy of the sexual cells, destruction of shape and walls of the lobules was observed. At the highest concentration, the degeneration and atrophy of the sexual cells, destruction of shape and wall of the lobules and the decrease in the number of sex cells were observed. This decrease in the number of sexual cells results in reduction of testicular tissue size. Conclusion: These observations indicate an increase in complications and anomalies with the increase in toxin concentrations

Inroduction & Objective: Ibuprofen, as a drug contaminant, has deleterious and in some cases irreversible effects on aquatic organisms and in general on living things, which in many cases can result in genetic damage and damage to the DNA structure. The effects of different concentrations of ibuprofen on DNA damage and damage to zebrafish are investigated. In this study, genetic changes of p53 gene and its expression in zebrafish after two weeks of exposure to 0. 1, 1 and 10 mg / l ibuprofen in vitro were investigated. Material and Method: In this study zebrafish were exposed to the above mentioned concentrations for two weeks and then RNA extracted from them. The results were analyzed using QPCR method. Results: The low drug, 0. 1 mg / l had no effect on p53 gene expression, while the other two concentrations, which were 1 and 10 mg / l ibuprofen, respectively, showed a significant difference between the control and the drug containing sample. As a result, the p53 gene was highly expressed. Also for the internal control gene that was GAPDH, there was no significant difference at the lowest drug concentration. Ray did not show a significant difference between the treatment and control samples, while in the subsequent treatments there was a significant difference between control and treatment samples. The final result of this study was that p53 gene expression increased 1. 09, 0. 57 and 2. 2 fold in sample with lowest drug concentration, mean concentration and highest drug concentration, respectively.

Inroduction & Objective: Burn is a common wound in the world and consider the novel methods such as cell therapy can be a helpful strategy in the treatment. The purpose of the present study is investigating the effects of using ointment of animal oil mixed with Gum of Pistacia atlantica associated wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) on rat third-degree burn models Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, WJMSCs were extracted from human umbilical cord. For this study, 28 Wistar rats were burned by heating a metal rod of 1cm in diameter and then randomly divided into the control (7 rats) and treatment (21 rats) groups. The treatment group was divided into three groups (each group of 7 rats) of daily scrubbingof ointment, cell therapy, and cell therapy+ ointment. 106 cells (passage3) were injected into each rat subcutaneously. On day 30 after treatment, animals killed by chloroform and histological sections were prepared by staining Hematoxylsene-Eosin (H&E) and Trichromosone done for microscopic study Results: Macroscopic and microscopic results indicated that in the experimental groups, the recovery was significantly more than the control. Also, the cell therapy+ ointment was significantly more effective than ointment and cell alone after 30 days. Histological analysis demonstrated a significant increase in angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, number of cells, thickness of skin layers, and totally acceleration wound healing in experimental groups compared to controls. Conclusion: Based on these data, it can be suggested that simultaneous cell-therapy and traditional medicine accelerate the repair of skin burns in the animal models more significantly.

Inroduction & Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training with resveratrol supplementation on regulatory and executive factors of cardiomyocytes apoptosis in streptococci diabetic male rats Material and Method: In an experimental study, 50 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 healthy controls, diabetics, resveratrol supplements, aerobic training and complementary resveratrol + aerobic training. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin, ml / kg. The program of exercise, exercise and supplementation groups began for 8 weeks and 5 days a week on the training of Treadmill. All animals were completely and similarly treated, followed by 14-12hours of fasting and 48 hours after the last training session, anesthetized and sacrificed. After cardiac output and homogenization, the concentration (GPX, SOD, and MDA) was measured as ELISA. Results: After induction of diabetes, the concentration of GPX and SOD in the cardiac system was significantly lower than healthy controls, while MDA concentration increased significantly in these conditions. However, exercise interaction and resveratrol had a significant effect on the concentration of cardiac SOD, while the interaction of these two effects there was no concentration of MDA and GPX in the heart. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and resveratrol have a beneficial effect on cardiac apoptosis in inducing diabetes, but their interaction is not significant in the process of cardiac apoptosis. Of course aerobic exercise and resveratrol can be used as complementary medicine for protecting myocardial cells against the invasive induced apoptosis induced by diabetes.