JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS LITERATURE AND ART STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:7

Nahjolbalahghahis a set of sermons, letters and aphorisms by Imam Ali, expressed in a brilliant style. Among these are his letters to Muaviieh. Since the content of the letters is answering Muaviieh’ s accusations, Imam Ali uses a special structure to convey the meaning. Here we want to analyze the vocal, combinational and lexical aspects of the letter from a structuralist viewpoint. The most important result is that he uses vowels like "آ، ای، او" and consonants like "ب، ج، ض، ع، غ" and “ ا، ق” , repetition, puns, which, in addition to giving the letter a sonorous and melodic, puts more emphasis on the content. On the combinational level, same-level structures are used a lot, with different relations such as Synonymity, antonymy, causation, inclusion and sequence. On the lexical level, Imam chooses tangible words to prove his legality and show the illegal nature of Muaviieh’ s reign.

Kholoud and its derivatives are repeated in the Quran 89 times: 38 times with reference to sinners in hell (28 times in reference to infidels and 10 times in reference to sinners who are believers). In the present essay we rely on semantics and lexicology, we take a look at these words to show that: 1. It is an extra-temporal concept related to the hereafter; 2. It has two meanings: eternity or long period of time; 3. Most sinners have relative kholoud and they are redeemed after being cleansed in hell, but some sinners stay there forever. 4. Our methodology tries to show the true meaning of the word using religious and extra-religious reasoning, relying on semantics. The main question of the present paper focuses on eternal or temporal stay in hell.

Vocal layers are the first constituent of language which give a specific music to the words and play an important role in conveying messages. Nahjolbalaghah is the prominent example of rhetoric and uses vocal signs to convey meaning. The word order and the choice of vocabulary is like music and portrays the content. In the present paper we try to show the semantic value of voice in the Qaseah sermon to show how using certain voices in different situations manages to convey the message to the reader, showing the the rhetoric capabilities of the speaker.

Apostrophe is an aesthetic technique which can cause defamiliarization in texts, since using thie technique we can change the repetitive structure of the text. Imam Ali, who was a masterful writer, uses this technique to impress the audience. The present paper first gives an account of apostrophe and its links to defamiliarization, and then offers examples of it in the work of Imam Ali. The results show that Imam Ali uses this technique for different purposes: admonition, attention, rewarding, generalizing, expanding the application, respecting the speaker etc.

The doctrine of the return is an important idea regarding the 12th Imam, cited in the verses 82-83 of the Naml chapter of the Quran and also verses 55, 72, 254 and 259 of the Baqarah chapter and also verse 43 of Saad chapter. It concerns the return of the dead to the world, before the Day of Judgment. The Shiites consider the return to be different from when they become present on the Day of Judgment. The return concerns the coming back of dead people of the past at the time of the 12th Imam’ s appearance. In the present paper examines 44 Farsi translations of the Quran from this point of view to show how different translators have rendered verses 82 ad 83 of the Naml chapter (people such as Fouladvand, Qomshei, Saffarzadeh, Garmaroudi, Makarem, etc. ). The results show that only two translations, Balaqi and Feyzoleslam, have pointed to the return and in the other 11 translations, adding the adverb “ all” has led to the approximation of the return to the Day of Judgment. Some translators such as Elahi Qomshei are hesitant between the two meanings. The other 30 translations (Asan, Ayati, Arfa and the like) have a literal orientation and ignore the issue.

Semiotics is a new branch of science which is very informative in new ways. The main topic of the present paper is sihr (magic) which is a very old phenomenon seen all over the world. Sihr (magic) is a set of methods, beliefs and actions which are meant to control the natural situation in order to reach certain goals and are used by certain groups. In the present paper we look the word sihr in the Quranic context from both textual (the verses) and extra-textual (the story of the prophets and their being accused of sihr) viewpoints. It is obvious from the Quranic text that Sihr was a common accusation against Prophet Muhammad. God doesn’ t use sihr or magic but relies on total honesty and logical argumentations in order to guide people. Sihr was used as an accusation against the prophets in order to deny them and deny the truth.

The Sheqsheqieh sermon is one of Imam Ali’ s most famous sermons, including criticisms, litigations and complaints against the previous caliphs, expressing the ugly truth of the Islamic society with eloquence. Imam Ali in this sermon uses a rhetorical structure in reaction to the usurpation of the caliphate and expresses the deviations and the blows cast upon the Islamic society. He uses rhetorical techniques such as simile, metaphor and figurative speech. He criticizes social phenomena of his time to internalize the values in the Islamic society, criticizing the government and their policies. The present paper focuses on the sheqsheqieh sermon, relying on its rhetorical styles by showing its affective and spiritual aspects. In this sermon, concepts, linguistic structure, styles of speech are intertwined to convey an image of the social and political situation. The literary devices are selected artistically, so that, in addition to creating a literary space, they connect to the overall structure of the speech. the present paper analyzes the linguistic structure of Imam Ali’ s speeches in conveying the concepts in this Sermon.