Research in Medicine
Year:2001 | Volume:25 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

The effects of ultrasound therapy have been determined on cell's characteristics and scar tissue thickness of rabbits skin. Under general anesthesia with sterile conditions, 4 incisions of 3-cm length have been made on the back skin of the rabbits. The first one selected for the ultrasound therapy, second one as placebo, third incision for treating with gel and the last group treated with betadine. The operation day has considered as 0, next day as the first day, and etc. Ultrasound therapy had been programmed as below.1 MHz & pulsed & 2:8 & 0.5 watt/cm2 & 4 min All the groups have been taking their related procedure for 30 days. At the day 30, rabbits were killed by means of ether and tissue sampling has been performed for histologic studies and dye staining with Hematoxiline and Eosine (H&E). Fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophiles and endothelial cells have all been counted with special eyepieces, and new epidermis and scar tissue thickness were measured. Variance analysis has been used for data analysis. Highest mean of fibroblast, macrophage, and neutrophil have been determined in the placebo group, however, the gel group has shown to have the highest mean of endothelial cells and scar tissue thickness. In the meantime, the highest mean of new epidermis was seen in the ultrasound therapy group. These results have revealed not to be significant.The determined ultrasound therapy had no positive effect on scar tissue of rabbits' skin incision.

The healing effects of Fundermol ointment has been investigated in noninfected and infected second degree burns with pseudomonas aueroginosa in rats. We have distributed 40 rats in two groups of infected and noninfected, each composed of control and Fundermol subgroups. All the wounds have got local treatment. Morphometric criteria including: regional accumulation of blood vessels and epidermis, numerical accumulation of hair follicle and blood vessels were assessed in these groups. Morphometric and microbiologic assessment were managed on days 15 and 30,however, tensiometric assessment was performed on day 30 after the burning. Results revealed to be satisfactory regarding these criteria in the Fundermol group comparing with the control group, where significant differences have obtained. Regarding the results, Fundermol seems to have better outcome comparing with the control group, meanwhile, infected samples showed delay in healing that could be due to infection.

Alterations in insulin, glucose and lipid level of serum are controversies in postmenopausal estrogen user women. Regarding the presence of estrogen receptors in both male and female and the usage of estrogen in the male patients, the effects of estrogen were investigated on the plasma insulin and glucose level, and cholesterol - HDL and LDL - HDL ratios in normal and cholesterol-fed male rabbits.41 male rabbits were examined in a period of 5 weeks in 4 groups. Groups I and II have received high cholesterol diet and groups III and IV received normal diet, where estradiol valerate was injected in groups I and III weekly. The cholesterol, HDL, LDL, glucose and insulin levels were measured before and after the experiment.Glucose level remained unchanged before and after the experiment, but the insulin level was significantly elevated in the first group (4.76± 0.31 vs. 11.13± 1.7, p<0.05) and decreased in the third group after the experiment (5.47± 0.76 vs. 4.03±0.38, p<0.05), in the meantime, the insulin level has shown significant differences in groups I and III (11.13± 1.7 vs. 4.03±0.38, p<0.05). LDL/HDL and CHO/HDL ratios were significantly different in groups III and IV after the experiment(3.01± 0.39 vs.0.44± 0.1 and 5.02+0.45 vs. 1.83±0.13 in group III and 3.12±0.82 vs. 0.36± 0.13 and 5.03±0.96 vs. 1.97±0.21 in group IV for LDL/HDL and CHO/HDL ratios, respectively, p<0.05).Finally, it seems as if estrogen has no effect on LDL reduction and HDL elevation in male, as it has in estrogen user women. Meanwhile, estrogen may promote insulin receptor resistance in male animals receiving high cholesterol diet, where in normal diet insulin receptor sensitivity was seen with estrogen usage.

Air pollution is one the most common problems originated in industrialized and big cities all around the world, which seriously threatened people health. We have investigated the cardio-respiratory effects of 6 air pollutants including S02, O3, aerosols lesser than 10 µm,N02, CO, and THC on people leaving in Tehran.To meet this demand, patients referring to 5 general hospitals in Tehran due to acute cardio-respiratory diseases including MI, Unstable angina, asthmatic attack and COPD exacerbation were investigated. Then the referred patients were evaluated according to the mean of daily, three days, weakly and ten days air pollutants level considering their exact diagnosis.The relationship between the mean of three and ten days air pollutant level of asthmatic patients and S02 was statistically significant, however, this significant relation has been reported between the mean of weakly air pollutant level of asthmatic patients and N02. No other significant relation has been noted. Quantitative studies have revealed that there is a relationship between the number of patients referring due to asthma, COPD exacerbation, and with lower extend to unstable angina and the level of air pollutants at the same time.

The major aim of radiotherapy is the definite therapy of the tumor while remaining the surrounding tissue intact. To meet this demand, the difference of administered dosage and transferred dosage should be less than 2%. To calculate the tumor dosage, radiotherapy instrument's output is measured for a reference field (10x10 cm2). This study has been carried out with the aim of surveying the necessity of using the scatter coefficient to convert the reference field output to other fields output used in radiotherapy.Total scatter coefficient, Scp, collimator, Sc, and phantom Sp were determined. Sc was measured in a cylindrical phantom prepared in this research, however, Scp was measured in a water phantom. Sp was calculated regarding Sc and Scp amounts. When the amount of collimator field was differing from that of phantom field, the accuracy of Scp separation method into Sc and Sp was assessed by comparing the amounts of Scp measured in blocked fields.Results have revealed that in case of not using scatter coefficient, for Satren linear accelerating beam of 12mv,the transferred dosage would differ from the administered dosage in a range of +15% ( in the biggest field) to -6% (in the smallest field). For calculating the dosage in blocked fields, the accuracy of separation method of Scp to Sc for collimator field and Sp for phantom field was confirmed (maximum deviation of experimental measurement was 1.3%). When using phantom field for Scp selection, the tumor dosage was 2.4-7.8% (27-90% for block) higher than the administered dosage for the beam of 12mv (error increased by block increasing or approximating the block to the center).

After the sperm leaving the testis, further post testicular development is required so that fully functional spermatozoa capable of passing through the female tract and fertilizing ova, produce. This process of sperm maturation occurs in epididymis. The epididymal epithelium provides the special microenvironment for sperm - maturation. This process involved remodeling, insertion, deletion or modification of many proteins and lipid components of sperm plasma membrane. Evaluation of such modification has a critical role in understanding of epididymal function. Segments of washed caput and corpus regions of rat epididymis were treated with enzymatic and mechanical digestion to remove connective tissue and produce fragments less than 1mm length. Epididymal fragments were successfully cultured in a modified RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with androgens and FCS. Pulse labeling of epididymal culture wereperformedin vitrowith [35S]Metand [35S]Cys mixture.SDS-PAGEand flurography evaluated protein synthesis and secretion. An antiserum against sperm surface proteins was raised by repeated injections of rat viable spermatozoa to a rabbit. ELISA and indirect immunoflurescencetechniques checked the antiserum. Identical proteins in epididymal secretions and sperm surface were identified by western blotting. Epididymal epithelia in culture displayed about 20 distinct protein bands. The most intense bands revealed to be at approximately 20-200 KD. A number of bands were evident less intensity. Immune serum reacted with 20, 24. 54,58 KD protein bands after western blotting and were common between sperm surface and epididymal epithelia secretions. Epithelial cells of epididymis secrete proteins and glycoproteins, some of them binded to sperm surface and probably have critical roles in sperm-oocyte interaction or membrane fusion. We have identified 4 proteins with molecular mass of 20, 24, 54, 58 KD that secreted by epididymal epithelia and bounded to sperm surface. Our future research will focus on purification ofthe proteins and evaluation of their roles on fertilization process and sperm fertilizing ability by IVF techniques.

Among Hard-Ticks Borne diseases, Ehrlichiosis has its own place. These febrile gripping bacterioses disease are widely spread through out the world. The present article reviews recent achievements on Human Munocytic and Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, taking into consideration in recent years. Regarding the lack of sufficient knowledge about the epidemiology and also the medical, veterinary and economical importance of this disease, further investigations are strongly recommended.

Sural flap is one of the neurocutaneous flaps, which was explained for the first time by Masquelet in 1992. Nowadays the distally based vascularized reverse sural island flap has eliminated the need for free flap with microscopic surgical procedures in repairing soft tissue defects of heel, middle and distal third of the leg. This flap has been located on a tiny vascular complex beneath the skin of sural nerve region. We have used repeatedly this flap for repairing soft tissue defects of the heel and leg. This question has raised in mind that regarding delicate nutrient vessels of the flap, can we use this flap for a patient with frostbite in lower limbs?In this article we have explained successful application of this flap in a patient with frostbite in his lower limb which led to toes amputation and had advanced sce in frostbite scar of heel.