JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Year:2005 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:7

Agricultural cooperatives as key institutions in agricultural sector and rural areas attempt to provide services to meet member’s needs. Agricultural cooperatives through increasing its Members and absorbing new members attempt to improve. Agricultural cooperatives also play an important role in organizing human resource disperses in agricultural sector for higher productivity. The major goal of this research is to determine the level of performance of this institution in organizing dispersed agricultural labours and human Resources in this sector. In this research, findings showed agricultural cooperatives could not practice well in this activity. Lack of participation of members in activities and shortage of capital and credits are Main Causes.

This paper establishes two theoretical frameworks in the study of economic development. These are constitutional analysis and interdisciplinary perspective. This study acknowledges that the economists are the ones to blame for lost of the underdevelopment in many parts of the world. These two theoretical frameworks are part of an individualistic methodology. The paper first, discusses individualism as an economic and political philosophy. Then it looks at the idea of methodology and its historical roots. Finally, it presents a brief overview of economic development theories. Then, it concludes by noting that in order to put an end to the cycle of poverty currently experienced by many developing nations, constitutional analysis and interdisciplinary perspective should be included in any analysis of economic development.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relation between inequality and economic growth based on the Granger's causality test and Johnson's cointegration approach within a cointegrating VAR model. Data obtained from the annual information of 1350-1381 period shows that there is a one-way causality relation running from income inequality to economic growth. In other words, inequality variations are the causes of changes in economic growth. But, based on the results of the same test, we do not see any causality relation from economic growth to inequality. Moreover, this article makes an effort to obtain –using the time series data and cointegratin approach within a VAR model– a long-term equilibrium relationship between these variables, based on the complete capital market model and the imperfect capital market model. Based on the results obtained, one can say that increased income inequality in the long term is the cause of reduction in economic growth. The results obtained are consistent with the expectation about imperfections of the capital market in Iran.  

In recent years, the relations between trade liberalization and economic growth have been the core studies of many economists. For this purpose, this question has been raised that if trade liberalization is the reason for the economic growth. And if the answer is positive, what is the reason behind such a correlation? Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the factors which determine the economic growth and explain its relation to trade liberalization in both export and import sectors. Theoretical and empirical studies have indicated that International trade is an important factor in those countries in which their exchange commodities are related to absorption of higher technology and ability of improving production capacity; otherwise, any relations with outside world can be considered as decay to economic growth.

This paper deals with the analysis of Iranian women’s economic participation, employment and unemployment during 1976-2002. The results illustrate that women’s participation rate and employment rates in Iran in proportion to those of men in Iran or women in other countries are low. Despite the related improvement in the last decades, the mentioned rates are still low, and the fact that women's participation rate has still remained unchanged for forty years calls for a serious consideration. However, for many reasons, there has been no attention paid to the importance and the necessity of women’s participation in economic activities and their direct participation in national production.

This paper considers the impact of demand side on the growth pattern of agricultural sector. In the demand side, there are four factors: (a) expansion of domestic market for final goods, (b) export expansion, (c) import substitution, and (d) technical changes or changes in the intersectoral transaction. This paper also considers the impact of exports on the growth of agricultural sector. The results show that a main part of the agricultural sector growth depends on domestic market. On the other hand, the growth of agricultural sector has been affected by exports of food and textile industries.