Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:14 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Background & Aim: Ground waters are the major Source in the providing water supply for cities and industrial areas. Nitrate and Nitrite are ions which exist in natural cycle of nitrogen as a part of it and are the most important chemical elements which mixing in the water and may have harmful effect on health. The present study was carried out to assess the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in potable wells water in Urmia. Materials and Methods: The method of study in this research is a cross sectional - descriptive. The number of 156 samples of water were taken from 39 deep wells within one year (4 seasons). The collected samples were examined by a spectrophotometer Dr 2000, and compared the results with WHO standard Levels. Results: Finding indicated that, the average years concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the samples were respectively (17.66 ppm and 0/0005 ppm) less than standard level. The maximum concentration of nitrate was in the winter season. T-test analysis was used for comparing nitrate in the different seasons. There was a significant difference between concentration of nitrate in winter season with others (P<0/05). Discussion: With respect to above results it is concluded that there was not any pollution of drinking water (wells) of Urmia with nitrate and nitrite. Thus it is recommended That, continous control and measuring of nitrate and nitrite is necessary to prevent of water from pollution.

Background & Aim: Blood pressure determination is one of the most important tools for children health assessment. Interpretation of blood pressure depends on standard values, which depends to high, weight and environmental factors. Material and Method: Blood pressure of 3400 students with age group of 6-18 years , which sampled by clustral -randomised method from Urmia schools were examined. Values for blood pressure was draw according to gender, age and body mass index after data collection. Results: High correlation observed between systolic pressure and weight in both genders. Significant correlation observed between systolic and diastolic pressure with height, pressure in males is higher than that of females. Systolic and diastolic percentile of 90 and 95 were lower than public reference in both genders. Discussion: Collected data are different in some index with reference. We recommend other studies and use of the values of this study for interpretation of blood pressure in the region.

Background & Aim: Copper is an essential trace metal, that it is absorbed in digestive system. Copper chloride is one of the most important of copper components. The lack of copper resulted to structural and metabolic defects. According to recent studies, copper has toxic effect on central nervous system. In spite of a little amount of copper which is necessary for brain development, but high amount of it may causes defects in CNS. Materials & Methods: We divided, 42 pregnant mice in seven groups: Three groups of experimental, three groups of control and one group of intact. Each group had six pregnant mice. Experimental group was injected 5mg/kg CuCl2 on 7th ,8th and 9th gestational days via in traperitoneal(IP). Control group was injected distilled water on the same days. Intact group was not injected. Embryos were extruded from the uterus Oil 15th gestational days. Weight and number of absorbed embryos were measured. Following tissue passage and sectioning, sections were stained with H & E. Results: According to macroscopic measurement, weight of embryos in all experimental groups was decreased significantaly (p<0.05). In microscopic observation, cellular irregularity and Gliosis were seen. In morphometric evaluations, in all groups, thickness of cerebral cortex was decreased (p<0.05). Our findings shows that high amount of copper chloride can caused anomaly in central nervous system.

Background and Aim: Birth control is one of the major problem worldwide. So far many attempts have been made to disrupt reproductive function in both male and female. Numerous reports have implicated antisperm antibodies as one of the causative factors of infertility among women. The aim of this study was, evaluation of the route of immunization and assessment of the effect of anti sperm antibody in disruption of fertility among female rabbits. Materials & Methods: Sixteen female rabbits were chosen and divided into two groups. Sperm was prepared from male rabbits. First group was immunized intranasally and second group subcutaneously. Antisperm antibody level was detected in sera and cervical mucus by employing ELISA, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting assays. Results: Two rabbits from first group were infertile. However, no infertility was observed in second group. The SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting pattern indicated that 46KD protein is a main antigen which stimulated immune system to produce antisperm a antbody. Discussion: The results revealed that inoculation of sperm antigen with intranasal route is the hest way for production of anti-sperm antibody in endocervical mucus. The SDS-PAGE patterns indicated 46 KD protein is the main antigen. Most probably by purification of this protein from spermatozoa and inoculation to animal antisperm antibody impair fertility. More evaluation is necessary.

Background & Aim: Icterus occurs physiologically in 6% of full term and 80% of prematures. By passing physiologic range, Kernicterus as one of important complication can be observed. Despite of variant causes, recent studies showed one of important causes are little attention to prophylaxis measuers in accelerated physiologic icterus. Exchange transfusion is latest treatment, which has many complication such as separation of neonate and mother, hospital cost and sepsis. Materials & Methods: To determine frequency of Exchange Transfusion causes ,a study conducted in Urmia Imam hospital, the single center Exchange Transfusion in W Azerbaijan, for two years since beging 1998 to late 1999.All cases included and data collected in inquiries. Results: All of 647 cases with icterus were included. Blood exchange has been done in 171 cases (26% of icters). Frequency of sex was 73 females(42/6%) and 98 males (57.4%). Weights of 54.4% were above 2500 grams. ABO incompatability, unkown causes, Rh incompatability, hemolysis with unkown causes, mix Rh and ABO incompatability included respectively, 31.5%, 21. 7%, 12.2%, 8.5%, 2.9% respectively. Sepsis, breast milk, polycythemia, cephalohematoma comprises the other causes. Discussion: Rregarding to other researches, Exchange Transfusion in our study, especially in idiopathic cases that also included accelerated physiologic icterus were high. This study recommends paying more attention to prophylaxis measures and other complementary studies.

Background & Aim: Differentiation between borderline serous and mucinous ovarian tumors from benign and malignant counterparts are occasionally difficult of impossible, by the use of routine H & E histopathology Statining. In this study, differentiation capacity of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining was evaluated concerning these tumors. Materials & Methods: For this purpose two AgNOR counts were used. The first m AgNOR (mean number of AgNOR) that reflects ploidy and the second pAgNOR (percentage of nuclei with greater than or equal to five AgNOR per nucleus) that correlates with preliferative activity. Forty six serous ovarian tumors (15 benign, 13 borderline and 18 malignan lesions) and 36 mucinous ovarian tumors (15 benign, 12 borderline and 9 malignant lesions) were selected and the AgNOR and H & E staining carried out. For each tumor, 100 cells were randomly examined for nuclear AgNORs. Results: A stepwise significant increase in pAgNORs and mAgNORs from benign to borderline and malignant serous and mucinous ovarian tumors was found (p< 0.001) except for two overlaps between pAgNOR of benign and borderlines mucinous tumors. Conclusion: This study concludes that the AgNOR counting is a valuable diagnostic criterion for differentiation between borderline serous and mucinous ovarian tumors from benign and malignant counterparts.

Background & Aim: Hydatid cyst is one of the most common diseases between human kind and animal in Iran. It causes a lot of damages economically and hygenically. So it"s diagnoses is tatally necessary. It"s side effects can be numerius because it affects the. vital organs of the body such as liver, lungs, brain, kidneis, heart and spleen. As there isn"t any effective medical treatment, so the only way is operation which is impossible most of the time. Finding out it"s frequency in the society is the first and the most important step in controlling of the disease. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 202 patients with Hydatid cyst were investigated for 10 years. The patients were in tree age group of 0-15, 16-50 and above 50. The file of the patients with Hydatid cyst who have an operation in all Hospitals of Urmia were studies for 10 years (1991-2001). Results: The study showed that from all the 202 patients with Hydatid cyst, 133 were female (65.85%) and 69 (34.15%) were male. The female group were housewife occupationally. All the 68 people belonging to the male group, only 53 people metioned their occupation which were mostly farmers. The rest didn,t mention their work. Considering prevalence, liver has got the first rank, than it was lungs which got the second rank. Also in Urmia it was more common than the other cities of the west- Azarbaijan province. Conssidering clinical symptoms, abdominal symptoms were much more frequont the 16-50 age group. Discussion: Considering the fact that the frequency of Hydatid cyst was the most one in the age group of 16-50, and knowing the fact that most of the affected people were living in rural areas who were farmers or housewives. So it seems necessary to cooperate with the country"s planning and to emphasize the people"s training and also to control the butcheries because of Hydatid cyst.

Background & Aim: ß-thalassemia constitute one of the most serious health problems worldwide, accounting for a major number of childhood deaths per year. The diesease results from mutations in and around the ß-globin gene located as a cluster on the short arm of chromosome 11. ß-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. At present more than 250 mutations produce ß -thalassemia but studies showed that the molecular basis of ß -thalassemia in different part of the world is quite heterogeneous. Therefore it is necessary each country accomplish their own mutations pattern. Material and Methods: One hundred-fifty chromosome from ß-thalassemia patients who referred to University Genetic center by using ARMS/PCR method were investigated. For each patient 20 most common mutations of the Mediterranean region was studied. Results: The results showed IVSII-l(G -> A) with a frequency of 50.7% represented the most common mutation followed by the following six mutations: Fr8-9(+G) (16%), Codon 44(-C)(9.3%), IVSI-6 (T->C)(8%), IVSI-5(G->C)(8%), IVS1-110(G -> A)(5.3%), and Codon 30 (2.7%). No other mutation were detected. Discussion: These data suggests that the pattern of mutations in W.A province differs from those reported for other thalassemic regions. Because these 7 mutations covers more than 95% of the patients therefore they are useful in prenatal diagnosis process of the disease in the region.

Background & Aim: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but life threatening complication of dopamin receptor antagonist drugs. The mortality rate can be higher when a depot form of dopamin receptor antagonist is used. The major symptoms which occur after neuroleptic treatment include muscular rigidity, hyperthermia, sweating, dysphagia, tremor, urianary incontinence, changes in level of consciousness ranging from confusion to coma, mutism, tachycardia, elevated or fluctuated blood pressure, leukocytosis and laboratory evidance of muscle injury (eg, elevated creatine phosphokinase). In this case report, we present a neuroleptic malignant syndrome without hyperthermia. History: The patient was a lady of 28 years old diagnosed as a major depressive disorder and was under medical treatment. Because of appearance of psychotic symptoms in the last episode, fluphenazine decanoate had been injected injudiciously. After few hours neuroleptic malignant syndrome developed, but no rise in body temperature was observed during the course of disease. Patient was admitted in psychiatric Center Hospital-Urmia and after 3 weeks was transferred to ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital-Urmia. Gradually the symptoms disappeared and she was discharged from hospital. Discussion: According to the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), hyperthermia is a necessary criterion for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. So far it is expected that American Psychiatric Association consider more flexibility for the diagnostic criteria of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the next edition of DSM.