Literary Research
Year:2004 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

The present paper concentrates on four critical editions of The Boostan compiled by sadi . The writer tries to compare and contrast Dr. Gholamhosein Yoosofis edition with those of Soodi , Dr. Mohammad Khazaeli and Dr. Anzabi nejad _ Ghara baghloo . Then , he interprets the poems and discusses the documentation of some vocabularies

One of the important features of Hafez verses is their very solid structure and deliberate geometry. In this structure words and constituants are selected so skillfully and are sitting with each others so deliberately that dont accept modification and rarely comes forward that dont be injured from repair and change for better and displacement. In this essay we discussed the structure, language structure and artistic structure and then tried to reveal the above mentioned particular feature of Hafez poems, by using and considering a number of samples and models of Hafez poems

The word hemmat in Farsi conveys the meaning of will, endeavor, effort and high-mindedness while in the view point of the wise it is one on the spiritual wayfaring level. In other words it is the wings for spiritual flying of the wayfarer to reach to the high end. Hemmat is the factor for working and reaching the Gods benevolences and it also will promote the patience and tolerance against the difficulties. The nature of the wayfarers high-mindedness is not only ignoring the worlds but it is the destination of the wayfarers. Although some of the wayfarers may reach the end without making any efforts and only by the Gods mercy but, it is necessity as it directs their willing and promote the accomplishments and confirmations by God and accelerate reaching to the end. High Hemmat is not limited to the affairs within the capability but, it covers the affairs more beyond the capability.

Khaje Abul-Hassan Ali-Ibn Hassan Sirjani is one of the Sufis great men in 5th Hijri century. He was Kermans Sheikh and has pharmacy, pious and a lot of followers there and was respected by famous Sufis, like Abusaid Abi-Alkhayr and khaje Abdollah-Ansari and Hujiwiri. He, traveled extensively, finally passed away in Sirjan, and his tomb is now maintained in the shrine place. Khaje Ali Hassans book titled "Bayaz and Savad" that is remained in manuscripts is in fact a classification of famous Sufis spoken words till the end of 4th century that is arranged in 73 chapters and involved over the 3000 sentences from the sufiss great men. One of the most important chapters of Bayaz and Savad is chapter of recognized Sheikh History that includes introduction of 78 persons of Sufis Sheikhs that distributed based on their geographical location and their activators place.

Many literary works are potentially Dramas or Scenario. Shayke - e - Sanan is One of these literary masterpieces written by Farid - e - Din Attar - e-Neyshaburi. This versified narration has some dramatic potential-like dramatic structure. The plot of Shayke - e - Sanan can be compared with the story line of a Scenario because it starts from a point continues in a path and ends in another point furthermore the narration emphasize one character and event and then creates new adventures by the other characters and events. It also presents the new information concerning the characters becomes more exiting and points the thoughts and feelings of readers. By recognition the scenario and lot of Shayke -e- Sanan we can distinguish the similarities and differences between this narrative work and scenario. We can also give a perspective of dramatic capacities of Shayke - e - Sanan.

In this essay we will study the principal European literacy movement in the latter half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century. The term "Naturalism" describes a type of literature attempting to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study on human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, Naturalism Implies a philosophical position: for naturalism writers, since human being are in Zolas phrase, " human beats" Characters can be studied through their Relationships to their surroundings who said that novelist should be like the scientist, examining dispassionately various phenomena in life and drawing in disputable conclusions. The naturalists tended to concern themselves with the harsh, often sordid, aspects of life, Zolas description of this method in the Experimental Novel, (1880). Following Claude Bernards Medical and the historian Hippolyte Taines observe that "Virtue and Vice are products like vitriol and sugar" That is, that human beings as the "producers" should be studied impartially, without moralizing about their natures.

"Structure" should be regarded as the most basic discussion of translation in the Contrastive Linguistics. The linguistic structures, studied in the five sections of syntactics, morphology, lexico-semantis, phonetics and rhetoric, play the crucial role in cross-linguistic analyses. The first two structures, namely syntactical and morphological ones, are also called as grammatical, on which I tried to concentrate my effort to analyze them in this essay on the ground of the Holy Koran translation process

As one of the most significant linguistic issues, The theory of the origin of language has resulted in a number of attitudes and ideas throughout the history. The scientists, philosphers and liguists of different nations are stated their points of view individually by making use of reasoning as the proof to their claims. This, in return, has led to ideas such as:Language as inspiration, signification as intrinsic, language as conventional, language as artistic creation and language as a reflex. The tangibility and naturalness of the relation between the signifier and the signified in onomatopoeia, an in a way support the theory that signification is innate and intrisic. In this article we have tried to introduce the different types of onomatopoeia and their use in language