DESERT ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:20|Papers Count:7

Introduction: The microbial habitats formed through plant patches, as fertile islands, are an effective factor in the development of vegetation and improve the soil surface characteristics of saline ecosystems. The pulping plant is the most economical solution for improving the saline soils, in this way, toxic ions, especially chlorine and sodium, are removed from the soil by salinity resistant plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various halophyte species on soil characteristics in aradiation zone and to determine the species with the highest positive and maximum effect on soil condition improvement in Urmia Soporghan region saline habitats. . . .

Introduction: Drought is a natural and recurrent phenomenon. It is considered ‘ a natural disaster’ whenever it occurs in an intensive manner in highly populated regions, resulting in significant damage (material and human) and loss (socioeconomic). Although drought occurs in areas with different climatic conditions. But more is happening in arid and semi-arid areas with less annual rainfall. In general, droughts occur when the amount of annual precipitation is lower than the average long-term precipitation of the area. In other words, a drought occurs when the amount of water in the water resources of a region is continuously reduced in a continuous period. Climate, hydrology and agriculture drought are different types of drought. Drought is one of the most important natural hazards that causes a lot of damage in different areas each year, and it can turn into famine. Due to variety, complexity and various effects of drought, various indicators for its analysis are used. Accordingly, most of the indicators used in drought monitoring are climate variables such as temperature, precipitation and soil moisture. Today, drought can be accurately analyzed and evaluated using remote sensing data. Accordingly, this research tries to evaluate and monitoring the drought of Sirjan basin using remote sensing data. ...

Introduction: Halophytes are plants that can grow in saline habitats and tolerate salinity through various ecophysiological mechanisms. Halophytes, compared to palatable and class I species, have less palatability; however, they have unique features, including that these plants are able to grow in conditions where both water and soil are saline. In other words, because of high resistance to salinity, halophytes can complete their growth stages under conditions that other plants cannot withstand. On the other hand, these plants, in the autumn and winter, when most rangeland plants have disappeared, is an important food source for livestock grazing in fall and winter. Knowledge of forage quality of halophytes in saline lands and at each phenological stage is important in determining grazing capacity and grazing season as well as introducing superior species with a higher nutritional value to the beneficiaries in order to be used in haloculture programs. In the present study, the forage quality of three halophytes, growing in saline rangelands of Arak Meighan Desert, was compared at different phenological stages in order to identify the superior species to be used by the beneficiaries in the haloculture programs. . . .

Introduction: Physical, chemical and ecological changes on dust deposition sites are one of the many problems caused by the occurrence of dust phenomena in arid areas. The entrance of additional salts to the ecosystem by dust, makes increased salinity and imbalanced of salts in the growth environment of plants. The purpose of this study is to determine the seasonal variations in the amount of salt sediment accumulation by dust in the arid region in north of Yazd-Ardakan plain. ...

Introduction: Hydrologic drought in the sense of deficient river flow is defined as the periods that river flow does not meet the needs of planned programs for system management. Drought is generally considered as periods with insignificant precipitation, soil moisture and water resources for sustaining and supplying the socioeconomic activities of a region. Thus, it is difficult to give a universal definition of drought. The most well-known classification of droughts is based on the nature of the water deficit: (a) the meteorological drought, (b) the hydrological drought, (c) the agricultural drought, (d) the socio-economic drought. Perhaps the most widely used model is the ARIMA model for predicting drought. The two general forms of ARIMA models are non-seasonal ARIMA (p, d, q) and multiplicative seasonal ARIMA (p, d, q)×(P, D, Q) in which p and q are non-seasonal autoregressive and moving average, P and Q are seasonal autoregressive and moving average parameters, respectively. The other two parameters, d and D, are required differencing used to make the series stationary. The differencing operator that is usually used in the case of non-stationary time series. The aim of the study is to predict hydrological drought using time series analysis in the small forest watershed. . . .

Introduction: The increase in population and need for food has resulted in the development of agricultural lands and pressure on aquifers, which has led to a sharp decline in the quantity and quality of groundwater resources. In many countries, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, in which the average annual precipitation is not adequate to support water requirements, groundwater is commonly used for agriculture, drinking and industry causing water crisis as a major dilemma. Groundwater quality is one of the most important factors in maintaining stability of aquifers and sustainability of groundwater resources means their exploitation and use in such a way that they do not seek quantitative and qualitative vulnerabilities and surrounding ecosystems. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of water resources is one of the most important evaluation approaches needed in this case. . . .

Introduction: Carbon stored in soils particularly in arid rangelands soils is the most significant carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems. In arid rangelands, Soils have special places in both carbon sequestration and mitigate global warming. Therefore, any small change in the soil organic carbon (SOC) leads to a significant impact on the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Studies have shown that the climate change alters soil temperature and moisture conditions and subsequently affects soil respiration and carbon dioxide emitted from it into the atmosphere. Arid rangelands of Iran have taken a large part of the country. Modeling the effect of climate change on CO2 emissions from soil in arid rangelands is an essential management solution that potentially leads to the reduction of the CO2 emissions and the mitigation of its impacts on the climate change and global warming. Since evaluating the impacts of climate change on soil CO2 emission in long-term is difficult without the use of a modeling tool. Moreover, studying of soil CO2 emission under present or projected future scenarios of climate change through the use of simulation models is useful as decision support system. The primary purposes of this study were: 1) evaluating the performance of the RothC model simulations with the measured SOC stocks which is the most widely used model in the soil carbon studies and soil CO2 emissions and 2) determining the impacts of three different climate change scenarios on soil CO2 emissions in the arid rangelands of Ghir-o-Karzin’ s BandBast in south of Iran. . . .