SPORT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:11

Objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of team image in fan’ s team identification in Iran’ s sport industry via structural equation modeling. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all fans over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2015/16 season. 640 questionnaires were analyzed as statistical sample. Heer and et al (2011), questionnaire and Chun (2008), questionnaire, to measure team identification and team image were used respectively. After confirming the face and content validity of questionnaires, For the reliability of team identification and team image questionnaires Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient (α =. 93; α =. 81) were estimated respectively in a pilot study. Results: Structural equation model analysis showed that team image has positive and significant effect on fans’ team identification. Conclusion: So, It is recommended to sport managers, to consider the issues such as appreciate the fans and fair play to creating a positive team image in the mind of fans in order to create and enhance the team identification.

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between club nature, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial marketing and the performance of sport club managers. Methodology: This study was practical due to its subjectives and was descriptive-correlational due to its methodology. Statistical population was consisted of managers of Tehran sport clubs among whom 700 individuals were selected using cluster sampling. Herein, we used questionnaires of marketing from Butcher et al(2008), club nature of Khazai (1392), entrepreneurial orientation of Mohammadi(1390) and performance of Fazel(1390). For data analysis on an inferential statistics level, partial least squares (PLS) was used to test hypothesis and the goodness of fit of the model. Results: Results showed that there is a casual meaningful relationship between club nature, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial marketing and the performance of sport club managers. In the modern days of marketing, old-fashioned traditional methods of marketing are no longer meeting all the needs of market and results affirmed that novel methods are required. Conclusion: In today's competitive market, world, traditional marketing does not meet the needs and results have shown that more novel methods of marketing are more effective. Moreover, according to research model, entrepreneurial marketing can improve the function and individualize the company from other competitors. Based on the previous studies, novel marketing strategies would assist managers to create positive progress in the organization.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to Identification and Prioritization of perspectives and strategies of the Tehran Municipality Sport Organization using AHP model. Methodology: This study was descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of this study was includes all managers of sports organization in Tehran Municipality and strategic council members of Tehran Municipality Sport Organization (N=145). 60 persons were chosen as the statistical sample. to clarify the direction of research, early indicators of research were extracted Implementation of strategies of the sport municipality organization (1391). In cconclusion on the sample, the indicators were designed. Final questionnaire was given to a statistical sample. And to integrate the views and priorities and weighting criteria and sub-criteria was used AHP model. Results: The results showed that in Prioritization, views and strategies of the sport of Tehran Municipality, The financial perspective and the internal process perspective, the highest and lowest priority, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that the exercise of citizenship should be determined on the horizon financially stand on its own, (As first priority) and in terms of internal perspective is in acceptable conditions and can use with its current inputs fulfill his duties to realize its objectives. (As last priority).

Objective: This paper aimed to study the Constraint factors (managerial _ Cultural _ Infrastructural) affecting sport tourism in Kurdistan province. Methodology: Comparative descriptive study that was done in the field of sport tourism. The population of the study comprised three groups The statistic sample of this study was equal to the statistic population (N=74) and included three groups: 1. Sports experts 2. Experts of the travel agencies working in the field of tourism, and 3. Experts of the Organization of Cultural Heritage and tourism. researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using factor analysis and also by (15 of) the experts. The stability of the subscales and the stability of the whole questionnaire (α =0. 86) was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive analysis is used to analyze the collected data and Fridman, Cruscal, Wallis, and u-Man Whitney tests were used for deductive statistics. Results: In the list of managerial problems, the lack of appropriate programming is on the top, and in the list of cultural problems, weak information system and poor public relations towards the tourists are on the top. Poor transportation system is on the top of the list of infrastructural problems. Conclusion: In attention to Kurdistan province is poor areas. Results are probable. And the necessity for appropriate programming and development subtraction is apparent. Provision ground for developing sport tourism is apparent.

Objective: Attendance of spectators at sporting events makes high economic income and the quality of sport venue is one of the most important factors influencing spectator’ s attendance at sporting events. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate different factors affecting service quality in Azadi stadium. Methodology: The research method was descriptive – correlation and the statistical sample consisted of 265 spectators attended to Tehran’ s Azadi stadium for watching a football game between Esteghlal and Persepolis. The research instrument was Shonk’ s Ph. D. dissertation questionnaire. The face and content validity was approved by opinion of sport management instructors and the reliability was verified by the coefficient of Cronbach’ s alpha, (α =0/89). The SPSS16 was used for description of variables and testing the research hypothesizes (P<0/05). Also, LISREL software was used for doing Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: The result showed “ environment of stadium” (factor loading= 0/85), “ interaction of staff” (factor loading= 0/73), “ price of service and products” (factor loading= 0/71) and “ access quality of sport venue” (factor loading= 0/57) had significant effect on sport venue quality. Also, the results of Friedman test showed “ access quality of sport venue” (Mean rank= 3/37), “ interaction of staff” (Mean rank= 2/22), “ environment of stadium” (Mean rank= 2/26) and “ price of service and products” (Mean rank= 2/16), respectively, are the most important factors affecting the quality of Azadi stadium. Conclusion: According to the results it can be concluded that from the view point of spectators the environment of stadium has the most effect on the service quality in Azadi stadium that should be noted more than the other variables.

Objective: The purpose of study was Analysis of Barrier Access and Problems Wrestling Chokhe Athletes for Participation in This Sport. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and it is a type of survey. The statistical population comprises of all 80 Wrestling Chokhe Athletes that Participated at 2014. 01. 13 in field traditional "zinal khan cheshme" and statistical sampel is selected equal to statistical population. Data collection is done by researcher-made questionnaire whos face and content validity is confirmed by experts and Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (α = 0. 93). Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) with a varimax rotation was used to identify factors. Results: According factor analysis, of the 40 Problems, 27 items having appropriate factor loading were stand in 4 factors namely social environmental, organizational, interapersonal & interpersonal. Result showed that organizational factors had most important (%24. 954 of variance) and interpersonal had least important (%12. 954 of variance) in explanation of the Access and Problems Wrestling Chokhe Athletes for Participation in This Sport. Conclusion: paying attention to Access and Problems identified in the present research and trying to remove them in conformity with strategies were presented can cause to mass participation Athletes and development This Sport.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of individual characteristics and brand-specific features and finally designing a Model of consumer purchase behavior toward Foreign brands of Sports apparel that are available in the Iran market Methodology: The statistical population of the study consisted of Sports experts. The research sample size is equal to the population size and the census is taken. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, are used by Kumar et al, Which Validity of the model and the relationship between the studied variables was approved by the techniques of Structural equation Modeling. Results: The results show that Self-concept of individuals has no role in their orientation toward domestic brands of Sports apparel, but need for uniqueness have been effective on individual’ s orientation toward brand. On the other hand, brand orientation has also positive impact on both emotional value and perceived quality of domestic brands of Sports apparel. Also according to results, increasing brand orientation, not increase their purchase intention. All dimensions of brand in this study, both perceived quality and emotional value have significant positive impact on consumer’ s purchase intention toward domestic brands of Sports apparel. Conclusion: Domestic manufacturers must develop their own brand products, also Sports apparel sellers have to offer in their stores are foreign brands.

Objective: Today, the economy and sports industry is concerned as one of the most important economic sectors in all countries, especially developing countries. Sporting goods imports has always been one of the topics discussed economic decision-makers in the context of sports economy. Considering the importance of this sector of the economy sports, this study aimed to investigate convergence of imported goodsgroupduring1992-2012sports industry in Iran. Methodology: The research method for the price pair is econometric panel data by using the Beta and Sigma convergence method in order to investigate the convergence of the grouping. Grouping goods including clothing, shoes, balls and sports equipment. Results: The results showed that there is beta convergence in the sport of imported goods, and the rate of convergence in this factor 0. 2602455 is statistically significant. Also, Sigma convergence test results approved the existence of convergence and reducing the deviations groups are through time. This factor is also statistically significant. Conclusion: Considering the results of the beta and sigma convergence can confirm the existence of convergence in importing sporting goods group acknowledged Iran during the period studied.

Objective: Advertising impact assessment is one of the important parts of advertising plan. In this regard, advertising through sport need a standard and specific tool. The aim of this study was design a questionnaire advertising effectiveness through sport based on AIDA model and then to determine validity and reliability of it. Methodology: The opinions of expert`s group used to determine the content and face validity of questionnaire. Also to determine the construct validity and reliability, first, among the present spectators in Azadi Stadium, 45 people in the pilot study and 366 people participated in the main study. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show the confirmation of construct validity of Measurement tool and the results of internal consistency with using Cronbach's alpha (α =0. 84) and composite reliability (CR= 0. 91) was acceptable. Conclusion: This tool can clearify impact challenges of successful advertisement by evaluating 4 concesctive steps of evaluation of advertisement effectiveness model (AIDA model). This tool have ability to assessment of advertisement through sport effectiveness and it can be use by corporate that have advertisement through sport for their product and marketing and advertising researchers.

Objective: One of the important marketing approaches that reflect the organization's success or failure in building long-term relationships with customers is relationship marketing. In this regard, this research was to analyze the importance and performance of relationship marketing approach in sports complexes. Methodology: The research method was analytical-descriptive survey. The study population included 243 of Kurdistan Sport complexes executives, which subjects selected randomly. Delone questionnaire (2006) with 19 items was used to collect data. The paired t-test was used to compare the importance and performance of marketing relationship. Results: Results showed that there is a significant difference between the executives' understanding of relationship marketing importance and performance. In addition, there is a significance difference between the relationship with the customer, the quality of the services and preserving the customers, on the status of importance and performance. Conclusion: Relationship marketing tactics can build customer satisfaction and their loyalty in the sport complexes long-term and lead to sport complex’ s profitability with retaining existing customers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the electronic marketing on implementation of customer relationship management in Tehran ski resorts. Methodology: Approach with the objective, practical and based on data collection is descriptive correlational and its population, including all staff and experts and managers Ski Federation and the ski resorts of Dizin, Shemshak, Tochal and Abali as well as elite athletes and coaches skiing in Tehran with 208 people is due, because of limited number the general methods were used and finally 196 questionnaires were analyzed. To evaluate data and model parameters survey questionnaire Nicholas et al. (2013) was used which consisted of 40 items. To assess the validity used the opinion of a number of experts and to assess the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient used and for electronic marketing 0/85 and customer relationship management 0/89 are calculated and finally, the model using structural equation modeling technique is tested by LISLER. Results: The results showed that the creation and promotion of web sites, improve access through search engines and social networks have significant positive relationship with customer relationship management. Conclusion: According to the results we can say that marketing electronic components, search engines, social networks and Web sites significantly effect on the implementation of customer relationship management on Tehran ski resorts.