INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES (IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL RESEARCH)
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:4 (40)|Papers Count:8

Organizations, community groups, elites, and government policies in many ways influence the process of future construction, while they are heavily influenced by various scholars. Based on the theories of social status and socialization, and the policy model for the elite of the masses, the future is continually being influenced by the individual and organizational elements that are active in the society, and these individuals and organizations, usually they formulate their actions with scientific justifications, which are taught in interaction with scientists and elites. Moreover, the scientific findings from the efforts of various scholars may be influenced by a set of theories focused on the implementation of the future world. Because these interdisciplinary sciences are the theoretical outcomes of various sciences and technologies, they affect theories and strategies of change and future transformation programs; the effect of the influence of knowledge in the general language, the logic of government agents, and the procedures Behavioral and constructive structure in the process of development of organizations and social institutions. This article discusses how the future is made. The process of constructing the future introduces the ultimate social components, linguistic facts, decision-making and active actors of actors (organizations, people, and elites). These components shape the future reality by influencing interdisciplinary sciences and their mutual influence on it.

The question of how to confront the West has always been an important issue for Iranians and their political and intellectual elites. The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a product of such a concern. Ayatollah Morteza Motahari, as one of the most important ideologue of the Islamic Revolution, tried to provide an account of Islam that is able to compete with new Western ideologies, particularly Marxism, in order to prevent the youth from being attracted to such ideologies. He created new meanings and notions derived from religious, traditional and even modern roots. In this paper, the main question is how the West is represented in Motahari’ s political discourse. The post-colonial approach is the theoretical framework and Laclau and Mouffe’ s discourse analysis theory is the research method. The findings of the research indicate that Motahari through representation and creation of otherness draws an identity boundary between “ us” (Iranians) and the other (the West), and represents the latter with signifiers such as imperialist, exploiter, evil, cruel and darkness.

Migration is one of those multidimensional phenomena which requires a variety of interdisciplinary approaches and methods to be studies and perceived. Reviewing the literature related to migration illustrates the fact that the theories explaining migration have been developed mostly around the macroeconomic issues and personal needs theories. However, if migration or the tendency to migrate is considered as a decision to take action, that decision of course arises from an image or variety of images of the future. People migrate in order to fulfill a desirable image of the future or ban an undesirable one. Accordingly, we can study images of the future in order to identify subjective and intersubjective parameters affecting migration. Aiming this, the present study explored the images the young people willing to migrate had about the future in a qualitative tradition using semi-structured interviews. The study was to investigate the phenomenon of migration regarding the construction of mental images related to the future. The data gathered from 23 interviews were put into theme analysis when the qualitative saturation was gained. The results showed that three major themes namely 1) dystopic images of the origin; 2) following a pandemic for leaving the country; and 3) the attractions of the destination are the strong images motivating migration. Among them, the dystopic images of the origin has the most significant share

Among various influencing factors on sustainable consumption, are basic social value orientations, as the cornerstone for any human behavior, including consumer behavior. The present survey study aimed at investigating the relationships between basic social value orientations, including; materialism, individualism, and collectivism (besides their sub-scales), with sustainable consumption. The study population includes all 15-64 years old citizens of Urmia City, from whom 516 are selected to be studied by the use of cluster sampling technique. Findings show that centrality dimension of materialism has shown negative and significant, and both horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism have shown positive and significant correlations with sustainable consumption. Multiple regression results indicate that these three variables accounted for 19 percent of the variation in sustainable consumption.

Considering the rising trend in conducting research on environmental education, the present study attempted to compile the results of all research having done on the field of environmental education in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Then, in addition to combining the results, it can achieve a single and consistent view of effective factors indomestic environmental education. The research method is the research synthesis and its statistical population consisted of all valid scientific articles available in the field of environmental education. Regarding regular search in domestic databases, 206001 scientific articles were identified based on including criteria. But finally, 78 articles were selected for final analysis based on exclusion criteria. To collect the data, a researcher-made worksheet form was designed to report and record the research data. For analyzing the findings, Roberts’ six-step research synthesis model was employed via open and axial coding methods. According to the obtained findings, environmental education, as it increases environmental knowledge and sensitivity, is considered as the most important method for educating individuals in identifying and coping with biological problems. In this regard, what has affected the effectiveness of this training was itself influenced by six factors of need assessment, use of educational methods, formal education, informal education, public education, and lifelong education. According to the findings, formal education has encountered shortages and weaknesses, while informal education has been more effective in this regard.

Given that agriculture is the most important economic activity of villagers and the largest share of water consumption is in this sector, water scarcity in it can lead to serious crises such as political, economic, social and environmental tensions. And. . . in the lives of humans, including rural villagers. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyze the social tensions caused by water scarcity among rural farmers in the Miyanjam rural. The method used is descriptive-analytical. The main tool for collecting data is a library method-documentary and field study using a questionnaire. For data processing and analysis of social tension, SPSS software was used and the PROMETHEE software was used to rank the villages. One-sample T test was used to study the variables of social tension due to water scarcity due to normal indices. Considering that the upper limit (1. 1969) and the lower limit (0. 3279) of indicators are positive and the mean of society in these indices is more than the test case, the results indicate that the mentioned indices in the studied villages in the middle position to the top. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (0. 395) was used to investigate the relationship between two variables of drought and social tension, which showed that as social dysfunctions increase, social tensions increase. The results of the Prometheus software show that the villages of Amghan and Kalateh Marvi have the highest net inflow due to social tension.

"Water shortage" and "air pollution" are two environmental crises threatening Tehran metropolis, and have caused lots of problems for the citizens. The question is which organization is responsible to investigate these issues? Is it the Environment Protection Agency, the mass media, or the cognitive linguistics? It seems none of them can resolve the problem by themselves, and the interdisciplinary studies are needed in order to analyze the crises from different point of views. So, during this article, we attempted to describe and analyze those visual Images in Hamshahri newspaper (2015) that their main concern was environmental crises. The main question of our study was: "How do the visual images help to reduce the environmental crises using the pictorial metaphors approach (Forceville, 2016)? " The main assumption of the approach was "if there is not any major contrast between the main elements of the approach and the main elements of the visual images in the Hamshahri newspaper, the visual images of the newspaper will have the capability of being received by the readers". In this case, the designers of the visual images will accomplish their goals-reducing the environmental crises. If not, it is necessary some fundamental changes to be done. The study was descriptive-analytic, and most times its results were in line with Forceville (2016). In general, it was concluded that the pictorial metaphors in Hamshahri newspaper had the capability of being understood by the readers. So, the designers accomplished their main goal-reducing the environmental crises.

Proper management of water resource patterns is considered as one of the main infrastructure for sustainable development in the energy sector. Drought, population growth, industrialization and urbanization are the factors that have contributed to the country's water supply crisis. In this regard, social marketing has an effective role in reforming the pattern of consumption in the energy sector, especially in the consumption of water resources. In this research, in order to determine the relationship between effective factors in social marketing and its role in voluntarily changing water of consumption and effective management, from 115 knowledgeable experts in the field of water resources as a statistical society, asked about the factors that associated the pattern of consumption in form of a questionnaire. Based on the analysis, it was found that three factors of social marketing (location, product and culture) have a significant relationship, and then by ranking the social marketing factors with fuzzy TOPSIS method, the factor of location as the most important factor was obtained (0. 644).