Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

Background and Objectives: Human errors and consequently the occurrence of adverse accidents in industries is a possible mishap. The control room is the main center of an industrial system, and any errors during the tasks of the operators can have adverse consequences with irreparable damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and evaluate the human error in the control room of one of a cement manufacturing companies using a cognitive reliability error analysis method to improve the safety status as a necessity. Methods and Materials: This is a qualitative and cross-sectional study that was conducted using the cognitive reliability error analysis method in a control room of a cement manufacturing industry. After analyzing the tasks using hierarchical task analysis, the method worksheets were completed through observation; interviews with the operators, the production manager and shift engineer, and analyzing the related documents of the company. Then, user probabilistic controls and cognitive probability errors were determined using the basic and extended cognitive reliability error analysis method for various tasks. Results: In this study, 7 tasks of control room operators were analyzed using hierarchical task analysis. The findings of the basic method indicated that the type of control style for tasks of action, control room operator, and shift engineer was opportunistic control and the task of the production manager was tactical control. Based on the results of the extended method, execution error (42. 74%), interpretation error (23%), planning error (20. 61%), and observation error (13. 74%) were obtained from the total number of detected errors. Conclusion: The positive features of the studied method for maximizing the likelihood of human performance along with the likelihood of recovery of human errors along with minimizing the risk of human error were quite evident in this study. Hence this method is recommended for the determination of the probability of cognitive errors in the control room of other industries.

Background and Objective: Studies indicate that about 90% of the workplace accidents are resulting from an unsafe behavior. The best way to achieve complete safety in various construction activities and to promote safety culture is education of the workers in occupational safety and health. Therefore, investigation and implementation of effective education as the way for reducing the human and non-human costs of occupational accidents and diseases, is important. The present study aims at provision of effective safety education in construction workshops. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study approach, including semi-constructed interviews, was used for this study. Purposeful sampling was performed with 20 participants. Content analysis using Granheim method was applied to analyze the data. Results: Six steps were specified to provide effective education to improve the safety of workers in construction sites including education needs assessment support attraction, setting goals and contents for education materials, selection of education methods, conducting one education session, and evaluation and follow-up. Conclusion: In the first step of improving the safety of workers, it is necessary to assess the education needs and to provide education step by step. In addition, in the education process, the interaction between educators and learners is vital.

Background and Objectives: The urbanization, industrial development, mining, agricultural and industrial effluents have led to polluting the environment with heavy metals such as arsenic and copper. The intoxication with high concentration arsenic is adverse effects on skin, liver, lungs, and blood system. The objective of this analytical survey was to evaluate the levels of heavy metal (arsenic and copper ions) in the water distribution system of selected hospitals in Tehran, 2018 Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was accomplished on the 22 water samples were investigated from 22 water distribution system hospitals in Tehran city in 2018. The arsenic and copper ions concentration was determined according to the procedures 3500-As B at 520 nm and 3500-Cu B at 457 nm, respectively, and after comparing the results with national and international standards, the results were analyzed by using SPSS 18 and geographical information system (Arcview GIS9. 3) software. Results: The arsenic ion concentration of 22 water samples (100%) was lower than the national maximum allowable standard (10 ppb) and the United States-Environmental Protection agency maximum concentration (10 ppb). The copper ion concentration of 22 water samples (100%) was lower than the national maximum allowable standard (2 ppm) and the United States-Environmental Protection agency maximum concentration (1. 3 ppm). The maximum arsenic concentration was seen in station No. 20. Conclusion: According to results, arsenic insecticide and pesticide application in agriculture land use is the most reason of arsenic ion concentration variations.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of fitness training with a high-fat diet on the response of some pulmonary functions of the professional divers. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two professional divers, randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Experimental divers followed 12-week fitness training with a high-fat diet, and the control group only continued fitness training for 12 weeks. Pulmonary volumes and capacities were measured before and after the 6th and 12th weeks of training. The study was conducted under the supervision of the Research Ethics Committees of the Islamic Azad University with the necessary permissions and informed consent of the participants and confidentiality of the information obtained. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA at the significant level P <0. 05. Results: The results of ANOVA with repeated measures showed that the effect of duration time on treatment of professional divers with high fat diet was significant for the tidal volume (P = 0. 000, F = 32. 13), the Expiratory Reserve (P = 0. 000, F = 37. 612) and Functional Residual Capacity (F = 36. 138, P = 0. 000) and total lung capacity was not significant (P = 0. 207, F = 1. 354). However, the duration time was not significant for exposed group with the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (P = 0. 371, F = 1. 015), Vital Capacity (F = 1. 375, P =. 026) and amount of Residual Volume (P = 0. 521, F = 1. 580). Conclusion: Considering the significant association between an increased fat diet and lung function of divers, they are cautioned about eating high-fat meals before their diving operations.

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of sports injuries among physical education students is very high and significant. Although sports injuries are inevitable, it is not something we can't do anything to manage injuries. Various factors, including factors that are rooted in management issues, affect the vulnerability of physical education students, in order to make the necessary decisions to prevent the occurrence of sports injuries, the researcher in the present study identified managerial factors and presented a paradigmatic model for the prevention of sports injuries in physical education students. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a database systematic design. The research sample consisted of 12 professors (5 trainees and 7 masters of management) who were selected from all professors of pathology and sport management in the country based on the logic of sampling phenomenological research in a purposeful and saturated manner. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data collected during the interview process were analyzed by an open, axial, and selective coding process. Results: The results of the qualitative data analysis of the interviews lead to the presentation of a model of prevention of sports injuries in physical education students based on managerial factors with 13 categories and 38 concepts in 6 dimensions including causal (3 categories), main phenomenon (prevention). Of the physical trauma of physical education students were: strategy (5 categories), contextual characteristics (1 category), confounding conditions (1 category), and outcome (3 categories). Conclusion: Based on the paradigm model, it can be concluded that by modifying the approach in student admission, educational planning and securing places along with education and awareness, teachers, and students will be able to significantly reduce the incidence of sports injury in physical education students. Therefore, it is necessary to design model-based policies of the Ministry of Science in the physical education sector of universities to reduce the vulnerability of physical education students.

Background and Objectives: Falling is one of the most common and serious health problems in the elderly that causes disability and increases mortality and cost tolerance for the individual and society. This study aimed to determine the impact of Educational Intervention on Promoting Knowledge and Self-efficacy of Elderly in Preventing Falling. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 200 elderly, 100 cases, and 100 control groups were entered through random stratified sampling. The educational intervention was conducted in three 45 minute sessions. Data was collected through a standard questionnaire using interviews before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. Results: According to the results from the case group the average scores of knowledge, self-efficacy before and after the intervention were 12. 34± 3. 14, 13. 43± 4. 11 and 16. 94± 2. 60, 19. 31± 3. 33 respectively. The mean scores of the case group increased statistically significant. However, the same phenomenon was not observed in the control group. The other data from the case group also showed a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of falls compared to the control group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Since more knowledge and self-efficacy can lead to elderly people’ s ability to prevent falls, it is recommended to conduct multi-faceted educational interventions for the elderly.

Background and Objectives: Focusing on improving the quality of hospitals as a key competitive advantage leads to the promotion of health in the community. Meanwhile evaluating hospital performance plays an important role in the improving quality of the services provided. One of the measures taken to increase efficiency in the hospitals of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is devising and implementing a clinical and physical preparation management plan for elective patients before hospitalization in order to decrease unnecessary hospitalizations. This plan has been done probationary for 6 months. The objective of this study was to analyze the hospital performance before and after implementing this plan, using the Pabon Lasso model. Materials and methods: The present study is a sectional descriptive study. The data were collected using the monthly activity form of the selected hospital during 2018-19. For analyzing the situation before and after the implementation of the pre-admission plan, Pabon Lasso model was used. This model determines the relative performance of the hospitals by using three indicators of bed occupancy, bed turnover, and average time of stay which were analyzed by drawing the Pabon Lasso model and paired T-test. Results: Before implementing this plan, the patient’ s average time of stay was about 4. 7 days, the bed occupancy rate was 80. 6%, and bed turnover was 5. 9 days. Of the 20 specialized groups, 30% were in the first area (poor performance) and 25% were in the third area (good performance). After implementing the plan, the patient’ s average time of stay was changed to 4. 2 days, bed occupancy rate became 75. 2% and bed turnover became 6. 1 days. Then 20 % of the specialized groups were in the first area and 20% were in the third area. Based on the results of the paired T-test, there was a significant difference between bed occupancy percentage before and after implementing the project. Conclusion: Generally, in this study, the process of improving the performance indicators after implementing this plan can be clearly seen. As such, 10 percent of the hospital’ s specialist departments were excluded from the first area (poor performance). Also the patient’ s average time of stay reduced (0. 5 days) and bed turnover increased (0. 2) while bed occupancy rates decreased (5. 4%).