Police Historical Studies
Year:2016 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:6

One of the main characteristics of Pahlavi era was the large number of the exiles who mainly opposed Reza Shah’ s reforms. Thus, some of places of exile were defined by the regime. The article aims to study the Criteria of choosing places of exile in Reza Shah Period. Using a descriptive-analytic method based on original texts, the article tries to answer there is any significant relation between the climate and the availability of places of exile and job, opinion and type of social and political activism of the exiles. The results of the research show the fact that, the climatically and intellectually, places of exile were in the opposed point of the birthplace and political activities of the exiles. For example, a Shite clergy from a hot region who opposed the policy of unification of cloth was banished to a cold Sunni-dominated region.

After the rise of the Umayyad dynasty, the Simple living of the early Islam vanished and Damascus witnessed foundation of a splendid reign whose luxuriousness and sumptuousness assiciated an oriental-like monarchy. This article aims to find why and how the military structure in this period transformed. The characteristics and social background, directing peoples’ mind toward the conquests and, consequently, political attitudes of the Umayyad caliphs caused them to expansionism. Domestic uprisings and repeated retreats led the caliphate to make some changes in military establishments, established by the second caliph of the Rashidun, in terms of forming an stand by troops, the entering of Iranian and Turkish forces, using the tribal consolidation in order to mobilize the forces and choosing governors from the military commanders in the Marwanids era. Such changes were evidenced more in the combination and less in equipment. Yet, the Umayyads, instead of founding a professional and efficient army, created a militarist society.

The Kurd Plate is part of the Poshtkuh rule territory (In Ilam province) which shares its borders with Khuzestan province in the south, Lurestan province in the east, Mahaki plate (the northern part of the Poshtkuh territory )in the north and Iraq in the west. Due to the dominance of the Kurds, it is named Kurd plate. By forced migration of people in order to bring security, Reza Shah once tried to break the connection of the Kurds in northern plate with the Kurd plate. On the other hand, substituting Arab clans in the southern parts of the plate caused ethnic diversity and divergence which in turn led to security dilemma. Adopting an descriptive-analytic approach and using the original remained resource, this article focuses on the role and status of Kurd nomad in the region in the last years of Poshtkuh rule (Reza Shah period). a is adopted.

Fundamentalism, as an outcome of modernity, is known largely as Salafism in Islamic countries. Although the main concern of Salafism is to revive Islamic identity which is perceived endangered by substantial threats, radical Salafism with its exclusive literal reading of Quran and Hadiths as well as focusing on the sacred war (Jihad) and recall to good deeds (Amr bel Maarouf), to a violent and militaristic confrontation to all that are not in the line with them as non-believers (Kaafer). This paper examines the origins of salafism emergence and shows the main security threats of them. It concludes that sectarism, violence, fragmentation of Muslim world and paving ground for the presence of western powers in Islamic nations are of such threats.

According to the principle of territorial jurisdiction, the jurisdiction of judiciary and law enforcement agencies in investigating crimes, the sovereign is limited. Hrchndayn accepted principle in the legal system, but the reception is not absolute and is relative. This means that the exceptions to the principle of territoriality has been accepted in our legal system. One of the exceptions to the principle of personal jurisdiction as to the validity of Iranian nationals committed a crime. The domestic judiciary and law enforcement agencies offenses exceptionally located outside the territory of Iran find additional jurisdiction. The results show that we have always accepted the principle of personal jurisdiction to validate citizen commits a crime, but the conditions have been variable.

After renaissance and industrial revolution, Britain launched to influence many nations in order to meet its needs for low-cost raw material and market to sell the products. Besides, through political-economic in India neighbor countries, United Kingdom tried to protect it as its most precious colony. Due to its neighborhood with India, Iran was of particular interest to Britain. The strategic importance, transporting corridor and oil were the reasons of British presence in Iran, which in turn led to the resistance of Iranian troops in Khuzestan so as to defend its territorial integrity. This article focuses on British policies in Khuzestan and the consequent Angelo-Persian battles. Results of the research, achieved through a descriptive-analytical method, suggest that British troops, with the aim of securing India’ s borders, attempted to separate this oil rich province from Iran by making unfair pacts, domination on the Karun river and reaching to the Khuzestan oil as well as political and economic influencing and threating to launch military action to make a buffer zone for its colonies in Persian gulf and India regions. For all that, Iranian civilians and armed forces defended against UK troops till their last breath.