Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2007 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (31)|Papers Count:12

Objective: Despite evaluation of spinal muscle endurance was done in chronic low back pain, this has not been studied in first episode acute low back pain. The purpose of present study was comparatively evaluating patients with first-episode low back pain and healthy subjects to predict disability and chronicity after six weeks with spinal muscle endurance tests. Materials & Methods: Through an analytical, cross sectional and case – control study in the first stage of research Eliot’s spinal endurance tests were used to evaluate endurance. Disability and pain were used to assess recovery. The study was conducted in two groups of patients (n=32) and normal subjects (n=51) using non-randomized simple sampling. In the second stage, a longitudinal prospective study was done. Studied variables were compared in recovered and non recovered patients after six weeks. Data were analyzed by using Kolmogorof – Smirnoff test, independent T test and Chi-Square. Results: The results of independent t tests showed lower muscular endurance in patients compared to normal individuals (p<0.0001). Also the results of independent t-tests showed lower flexor endurance in unrecovered patients (p<0.04). Conclusion: It seems low back pain patients can contract decreased endurance in the first episode and no need to repeat episodes. Results show may be endurance tests could differentiate acute low back pain patients with high risk to chronicity and disability.

Objective: Anxiety in the recent modern world, especially in elderly who have low power of adaptation, it can produce serious health problems for elder people. So this study was conducted in order to investigate and determine the effects of Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM) on anxiety in elderly clients. Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental research that was carried out in Kahrizak charity foundation for elderly, in 2007. For this study 102 elderly clients were allocated to two groups of experimental and control with randomize permuted block. Data were gathered by client demographic characteristics and Spielberger State anxiety inventory. The patients in experimental group have received five minutes of SSBM for five consecutive days during 3-7 the afternoon. State anxiety was measured in both groups before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by use of Chi-esquare, independent T test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann Whitney test and pair T test. Results: Results did not show significant difference between groups in average of state anxiety levels before execution of SSBM (P>0.05), but were observed significant difference between two groups after intervenion (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the result, SSBM was effective to decrease state anxiety levels of elderly clients, therefore it can be used in current and complementary treatment of anxiety.  

Objective: Disorder of consciousness is the common problem of severe traumatic brain injury. There is controversy about the effects of sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness in comatose patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of early (7th days post injury) and late (15th DPI) onset sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness of the comatose patients. Materials & Methods: In this experimental and interventional study twenty – one patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)£ 8 at least be stable for 3 days post injury (DPI), Normal ICP in CT- scan, no sedation, no previous neurological disorder, aged 18-59 suffering from sever traumatic brain injury were selected and divided in to 3 groups. First group (early onset) was received intervention (tactile, acoustic, visual, R.O.M and smell as stimulation) from 7th DPI to 15th DPI. The second (late onset) was received the intervention as same as early group but from 15th DPI to 21th DPI. The last one (control group) had no intervention. Level of consciousness evaluated by GCS and CRS-R in all of them every other day during the first month after injury. Data were analyzed by use of paired T test, Pearsonian correlation and repeated measurement analysis. Results: Repeated measurement analysis showed significant increase of GCS and CRS-R scores over the time (P<0.001). Significant changes were identified in CRS-R score between early and control group by post hoc test (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the increase of GCS score was different between groups, but this increase wasn’t statically significant (P=0.15). Conclusion: One week intervention of sensory stimulation on the 7-15 DPI can accelerate the trend of improvement in these patients. One thing many experts agree on is that starting rehabilitation early is of paramount importance to increase level of consciousness.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adult humans, which is characterized clinically by a progressive development of spontaneous recurrent seizures of temporal lobe origin. Because of the side effects of current treatment protocols, the resistance to pharmacological therapy in this investigation, bone marrow stromal cells were used to evaluate the recovery of epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine. Materials & Methods: In this randomized experimental research, the rats were divided into five groups, controls (untreated), three treated groups (12, 24 and 36 hours) and a group treated with the vehicle only. The animals in chronic phase were monitored via video monitoring system for three weeks (day & night). For assessment of the response for the treatment of epileptic’s rat using BMSCs therapy, Racine scale was used as a behavioral test. BMSCs (2 – 3 million cells) were labeled with BrdU and were injected via tail vein rat 12, 24, 36 hours after first seizure. After 6 week all rats sacrificed and processed for paraffin, sectioned and for Cresyl violet staining. Data were analyzed by use of Wilcoxon signed Ranks test and Tukey’s test. Results: The result of the study showed that the behavioral test in three week as follows: in control group (untreated), number of seizure is 6.25± 1.3; in vehicle group, number of seizure was 6.2± 0.8; the group which received BMSCs 12 h after seizure all rats died; the group which received BMSCs (24 h after seizure), the number was 2± 0.4 and the group which received BMSCs (36 h after seizure), the number of seizure was 2.25±0.47. There was significant difference between treated (2 and 36 hours) groups and other groups in number of seizure (P<0.01). Also, cells number was different significantly between same groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of BMSCs can improve number of attacks in epileptic’s rats. Also, BMSCs injection can prevent from decrease of cells numerical density and degenerative damage.

Objective: Improvement of independence of hemiplegics patient especially in balance maintenance is most significant aim of such rehabilitation. Areas of brain lesions in hemiplegics patient and also function of their right and left brain hemispheres were different. We study balance abilities in this two groups of patients. Materials & Methods: In this comparative and cross sectional study 30 patients with brain stroke were selected with non probability and simple selection in two groups by right hemiplegics (16 objects) and left hemiplegics (14 objects). Ranges of Their age were 30 – 58 years and 6 months passed of stroke. The patient balance ability evaluated by Berg Balance Scale (B.B.S) and Forward Functional Reach (F.F.R) and data were analyzed by use of statistical tests such as: Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Independent T and paired T test. Results: According to results, average difference of two groups in (B.B.S) test was significant (P=0.030) but average of score of right group (38.36) was more than left group (28.90). But in (F.F.R) test, average difference between two groups wasn’t significant (p=0.841). Conclusion: According to results, balance especially dynamic balance was related to the side of lesion but in static balance, there was no difference between two groups. According to such results, we can consider good rehabilitation program for improvement of balance of such patients.

Objective: The goal of this research was to compare normal scapular position (protraction, rotation) and lateral scapular test on arm elevation between dominant and non dominant sides. Materials & Methods: Thirty healthy females (age=21.9 years, weight=53.37kg, height =160.60 cm) were chosen by non probability sampling and participated in this cross – sectional and comparative study. Scapular rest positions (protraction and Rotation) were measured by use of Diveta method and scapular asymmetry was assessed by using lateral scapular slide test (Kibler test). Validity and reliability of measurement methods were assessed by determination of ICC and SEM and data were analyzed by use of paired T test. Results: The difference between dominant and non dominant scapular protraction and rotation was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.61, p=0.57).The dominant scapula was found to be more lateral in 2nd and 3rd Kibler tests positions than non dominant scapula (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in lateral scapular slide test between dominant and non dominant sides when the arms were by the side of body (P=0.66). Conclusion: Scapular rest position is influenced by hand dominance.

Objective: Handwriting difficulties are a common educational problem in mentally retarded students. The aim of this survey is producing an instrument for handwriting evaluation and executing it on the mentally retarded students. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross – sectional research which is a relationship and validity assessment study, one hundred and twenty six mentally- retarded students (53 girls and 73 boys) ranging from 9 to 19 years old from two exceptional children schools in Shahr-e-rey participated. A handwriting check-list made by the researcher was executed on all of the students. Data were analyzed by use of independent T test, Mann Whitney test and Spearman correlation. Results: Executing handwriting checklist on the mentally-retarded students showed that there is not a significant relationship between handwriting and laterality (p=0.196), sex (p=0.487) and age (p=0.449).There is significant relationship between handwriting and grade(r=0.448, p<0.005), but between different grades wasn’t seen significant difference. The most common damaged legibility component in the sample was “interruption during writing words” with 81 percent and the least common was “spacing between letters and words” with 34.9 percent. Conclusion: The rate of legibility components difficulties in handwriting of mentally-retarded students indicates that handwriting difficulties in exceptional schools need professional attention

Objective: The aim of this investigation is to measure the satisfaction rate between rehabilitation centers of the Red Crescent organization in Tehran city. This investigation attempts to gain access to his strength and weakness points in the organization, and helps to progress the quality and efficiency of the rehabilitation services. Materials & Methods: This study has been done as descriptive and survey methods. Data collection was done by using the produced- investigator questionnaire. Its reliability was measured 0.82. Sample sizes were 190 persons from the rehabilitation centers clients in Tehran’s Red Crescent that were selected by cluster sampling. Data were analyzed by use of Chi-square, independent T test and variance analysis. Results: The findings showed that there is significant relationship between participation rate in the treatment process and clients satisfaction (P=0.021), Also, there is significant relationship between the efficiency of rehabilitation equipments and their satisfaction (P=0.002), between rehabilitation service quality and satisfaction (P<0.001) and between behavior and contact of personnel with clients satisfaction (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that rehabilitation services by influence of different factors led to reduce client’s satisfaction. The satisfaction could be introduced as function of the client participation rate in treatment process, service efficiency and quality rate and behavior type and personnel contacts (such as physician, technicians and etc). Then, by doing short-time educational terms for personnel, to equip centers by proper rehabilitation possibilities, to inform and to provide clients participation from treatment process, can to meet clients and their family’s expectations and to increase their satisfaction.

Objective: SNAP-IV rating scale to diagnosis Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) developed by Swanson, Nolan and Pelham. The aim of this study is determination of psychometrics specifications of this scale. Materials & Methods: This Descriptive research is a methodological, applied and validity assessment study. One thousand students at 7 to 12 age of primary school in Tehran city were selected by cluster sampling. Then the students mothers was asked to complete rating scale to consider behavior of their children.30 staff members of sample group were retest after one mounts. Diagnostic interview was administered at 36 members of sample group. Data were analyzed by using pearsonian correlation coefficient, Kolmogorof – Smirnoff and Behrens – Fisher T test. Results: Criterion validity was 48%, factor analysis was detected 3 factors that explain 56% of the total variance. Reliability coefficient was 82% . Internal consistency coefficient was 90% and split – half coefficient was 76%, Cut-off point in scale and subscales was 1.57,1.47 and 1.9 respectively. Conclusion: The SNAP-IV Rating scales have fit psychometrics specifications. Therefore, it is useable in various diagnostic and therapeutic conditioning.

Objectives: Patellofemoaral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Proprioception is important factor in neuromuscular control. Others studies showed that, because of pain and abnormal stresses on soft tissue around joint and Proprioception may be change in these patients. The aim of this study was investigation of sense of quadriceps muscle force accuracy in patients with PFPS. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional and case –control study, thirty four young women with and without PFPS were participated. Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure isometric torque and sense of quadriceps static force. Force matching with ipsilateral limb was used by determining of reference force levels (20 and 60%) of maximal voluntary isometric force (MVIF) in 20 and 60 degree of knee flexion and attempting to perception and reproduction of target forces .Absolute error (AE), constant error (CE) and variability error (VE) were calculated for evaluation sense of force accuracy. Data were analyzed by independent T test and Logistics Regression. Results: There was statistically difference in force reproduction error in 60 degree and 60%MVIF between two groups (P<0.005). Sense of force errors was high in patient group. Conclusion: The results confirmed the past studies and showed that proprioception may be altered in PFPS patients because of changes proprioception afferents, specially for quadriceps muscle receptors.