STRATEGIC STUDIES ON YOUTH AND SPORTS
Year:2014 | Volume:13 | Issue:25|Papers Count:18

Online gaming addiction is a prevalent problem among adolescents and youths.The current study aimed to investigate the role of self-esteem, depression and anxiety in online gaming addiction. In this cross sectional study, 360 participants in Tehran were selected through randomized cluster sampling method and participated in the study. All subjects completed Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and anxiety and depression subscales of DASS-21. Moreover, Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Independent Sample T-Test were used for statistical analysis. Results of regression analysis represented a significant role of self-esteem, depression and anxiety in predicting online gaming addiction. Also, subjects with high and low levels of self-esteem, depression and anxiety were significantly different according to online gaming addiction. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as influential factors in promoting online gaming addiction.

This study was to design the employment model arise from sports tourism development. The method of this study was descriptive survey with the practical purpose. The statistical population was include all persons who had at least one book or two scientific papers in areas related to employment and tourism and administrative experts in the field of employment and tourism, with at least a bachelor's degree, who are at least 10 years of experience. Samples were selected through stratified random sampling and the statistical population included of 1, 000 researchers and 1, 600 of experts that 334 samples were calculated and selected. The measurement tool in this research was researcherdesigned questioner. The final questionnaire's face validity was approved by experts. To determine the content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Cronbach s Alfa coefficient was calculated 0/90. Linear regression and Structural equation models (SEM) were investigated to access variables observed effects on the latent variables. The results showed that each factors of the sports tourism development have a role in creating jobs and development (seasonal and at the same time employment) of sports tourism industry can be considered by senior executives to help as unemployment problem.

The strategic plan and obvious vision increase the probability of achievement in the organization. To this end, the present study has been conducted regarding the strategic identification of current situation in I.R. Iran Wushu federation to offer the strategies, plans and development approaches based on SWOT. It was a descriptive - applied study. Population included the heads of Wushu boards in the provinces and federation administrators (members of administration board, heads of committees, experts, veterans) as equal to 80 individuals. The whole numbering was considered as the sampling. Questionnaire packet included a structured questionnaire composed of 106 items. Reliability was reported 0.89 through Cronbac alpha. Data analyses primarily consisted of Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Friedman test. Final strategy was made by QSPM and SWOT.Matrix score showed that the internal and external evaluation of strategy in I.R.Iran Wushu federation stood at the zone of WT. It was concluded that the defensive strategies were conducted in order to keep current situation in the Wushu federation.

This paper is to study the effect of youth feelings of social disorder on social -political alienation and feelings about self alienation in Iran & Tajikistan.Because of the space development of conceptual research subject, the theoretical approaches of Robert Merton, Emile Durkheim and Melvin Seeman has been used to describe and explain.Also, the questionnaire techniquewas used on 768 young people in the age group 20-29 year who were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran and Dushanbe city. Required information was collected. To calculate the validity indices, Content validity of the formal was used and to calculate reliability indices, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used from zero to one. Research findings showed significant relationship and effect exists between youth feelings of social disorder on social- political alienation and feelings about self alienation in Iran & Tajikistan.

The objective of this study was to identify and rate the most important structural factors influencing popularity of recreational sports in Iran. This study was performed consecutively using the exploratory mixed method in a quantitative and a qualitative phase. In the first stage, the targeted sampling method and the snowball sampling method were used to select 28 experts at recreation sports in Iran.Information on these experts was gathered through depth interviews. Next, data from twenty eight interviews was encoded and analyzed in three steps based on the Grounded Theory. As a result of grouping the data, seven effective structural factors were identified. In the second stage, a questionnaire was designed on the basis of previous findings and the research literature. After examining and confirming the psychometric features of the questionnaire, it was distributed among 301 experts, managers and researchers active in the field of public sports in Iran. The respondents were selected using the stratified sampling method and questionnaires were collected following completion. Afterwards, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed considering the predictor path coefficients so as to determine structural effective factors in the order of significance. These factors included the following: organizational media, financial resources, rules and regulations, human resources, equipment and infrastructure, technology and partner organizations.Research results reflected the importance of organizational media, financial resources, and rules and regulations in providing a structure suitable enough for popularity of sports in Iran.

The present article is adapted from a survey on analysis of value orientation (individualistic-collectivistic) differences between two generation cohorts, based on 246, face-to-face interviews conducted with individuals between 18-60 years old who were randomly chosen from Tehran's different districts using stratificated mutli-stage cluster sampling method.The aim of this research is to recognize and compare value orientation differences (individualistic-collectivistic) between the youth (18-29 years old) and the adult generation (40-60 years old), and to measure the relationship of value orientation with current socioeconomic status (objective) and sociolizaiton (subjective) of generations, and to analyze these differences and their cause and effects. Hence, at first, an overview of value orientations of generations and their differences is illustrated, and then, those differences are sociologically analyzed within framework of age stratification or generational class.The data indicate that although the youth is more individualistic and the adult is more collectivistic, finding value orientation differences between the two generations is only sginificant in middle class. Also, the results of power (subjective and objective) variable impact on individualism-collectivism values indicate that the difference of value-orientations among generation cohorts is correlated to the ability of decision making of generation cohorts in strategic domains of their life. The correlation of sex variable and value-orientation is significant. This correlation has been confirmed between youth generation of men and women in terms of individual values. Namely, men are more individualistic than women of the same generation.Findings are also compatible with the assumptions of the theoretical age stratification and structural approach conflict in determining the generation cohortvalue orientations. In fact, this compatibility strongly confirms the basic approach of current study.

Healthy and successful marriage plays a fundamental role in creation a healthy family. Accordingly, present research was to study and investigate the experiences of couples who had successful marriage. The present research is a qualitative research, in which phenomenological approach was used. For this purpose, 13 participants were selected by purposive sampling method and were studied via discovering and deep interviews during a 12 month period. Data was collected, registered and encoded in main categories. Analyzing the participants experiences were resulted in identifying 386 primary codes, 25 subthemes, and 4 main themes including personal context, family context, parenting context, and Entourage context. In developing a health and successful marriage, there are factors which are affected by socio-cultural context. Although these factors play fundamental role in marriage, they have been ignored. Therefore, in dealing with marriage and families, it is necessary to pay more attention to social and cultural context.

For years, every body believed that champions led to promote athletes' personality, While personality isn' t made automatically through sports, rather than athletes learn positive values just through instructions of coaches. Accordingly, current research performed with the aim of evaluating coaches' performances in promoting sports morality among national team athletes. This is a survey that its population are the invited players to the camp of national Football, handball, basketball, tae kwon do, wrestle and judo. For sampling, a statistic method was used because the population were small. To collect the data, scholarship questionnaire with 33 items was used that it's validity and reliability were proved through ICC tests (86%) and CVI (90%).The results detected that there is a significant difference between the coaches of individual and team sports. Coaches of individual sports had a better performance than the coaches of team sports. Moreover, these coaches had a good performance for promoting loyal, athletic and fair behaviors as these good performances were significant in the field of loyal and athletic behaviors. They didn' t have a good performance in the fields of committing to sports, social responsibilities and denying the winning tendency. According to the results, coaches should try to learn this idea to their athletes that they don' t involve in sports just for winning, and they should try more for promoting aspects like committing to sports and social responsibilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitor factors to girl students’ participation in out-of-school sport activities. This study is a kind of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population was middle schools students (13262 students) in Arak city. The statistical sample consisted of 372 students based on Morgan table. To collect the data, a researcher made questionnaire was used. Content validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts and faculty members. Structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis test, and its reliability was confirmed through the kronbach’s coefficient (α=0.893). This questionnaire involved 39 questions in 7 item scale include structural, intrapersonal, interpersonal, financial, social-cultural, facilities and managerial barriers based on Likert scale from 1 to 5. Descriptive statistic and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, students confronted with the factor inhibiting such as sport spaces, financial, inter-personal, managerial, social-cultural, structural and individual. It suggested that some strategies and actions are necessary to reduce or delete these inhibitors.

Volunteers are a critical component of the work force needed to deliver high quality sports programs for sports competitions. Wide range of people around the world spends their time to be as a volunteer.The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the barriers to recruiting volunteers in sports activities in the Education Department of Karaj City. Research method was practical and also descriptive-analytical in terms of the purpose and the nature respectively.Research population (592 people) consisted of all the staffs involved in organizing interscholastic competitions in Karaj County. Sampling method was multistage cluster sampling for which according to quad areas and in accordance with Morgan's sample size, 234 persons were selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Face and content validity of the questionnaire were verified by 12 professors in sports management and also by specialists in this field. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.888).For statistical analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and inferential (analysis one sample t test, explanatory factor analysis) was also used. Based on the factor analysis, 32 variables were grouped with the titles of psychological, legal, informationalcommunicational, individual, structural, and organizational- administrative.A five point Likert scale was utilized to investigate the importance of variables for statistical population which accordingly informational-communicational factor with the variance of 27.009, individual factor with the variance of 16.89 and legal factor with the variance of 11.33 represented as the most important obstacles. Therefore, the study results suggest that Sports Education Karaj city authorities should inform and raise awareness among citizens about the benefits of volunteering, volunteering in the organization and structure of the Office of Education to select and recruit volunteers to build.

This research is to examine the role of identity styles and emotion regulation on mental health in university students.So, structural equation modeling techniqueswere used in this study. This research was a correlation descriptive study that performed on 250 subjects selected among Mohaghegh Ardebili University’ students based on multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants answered the identity styles questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation strategies scale and Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (DASS). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and path analysis by SPSS 18 and Amos 20.Results of path analysis indicated that informational identity and diffuseavoidant style directly affected on depression and anxiety. Also, informational identity through Refocus on Planning, and diffuse-avoidant style through rumination had significant effect on depression and anxiety. Informational style had positively and directly effect on Refocus on Planning, and diffuse-avoidant style had negatively and directly effect on rumination and self-blame. Refocus on Planning, positive reappraisal and positive refocusing negatively and directly affect depression and anxiety. In addition, rumination and catastrophizing Informational style was an inverse significant predictor of depression, and diffuse-avoidant style was a significant predictor of anxiety. Also, rumination and catastrophizing positively and directly predicted depression and anxiety and other-blame indicated causal relationships with anxiety. Cognitive emotionregulation strategies and identity styles had important role on psychopathology or well-being and experience of negative emotions. Findings can be used in counseling with students and prevention of mental disorder.