STRATEGIC STUDIES ON YOUTH AND SPORTS
Year:2014 | Volume:13 | Issue:24|Papers Count:12

Economic and social developments will be achieved through human development. In this respect, the most important factors of human resource development in any society should be considered. However, each country’s higher education system as a fundamental part, is intimately related to labor market programs for socio- economic development of the country. Therefore, for the development and training of skilled and competent, efficient system of higher education is necessary to achieve balanced and sustainable development.Despite a slight expansion of universities and institutions of higher education in recent decades, issues of unemployment and lack of skills among youth has increased in Iran. Statistical Center of Iran has announced crowd of educated unemployed is 373, 513 people in 1385 years and 768, 051people in years 1390.This article aims to provide relevant offers, the efficiency of higher education to employment for young people to explore and analyze. The methods are descriptive-analytical and the collection and analysis of library data and documents. The results showed that ineffectiveness of higher education in particular, the lack of alignment of programs and inconsistencies in the content of teaching and research universities with labor market needs is among the major obstacles to a major disturbance and the main disturbance in youth employment. So, special attention should be devoted to it.

This study is to investigate the effects of mental imagery on acquisition and learning of dart throwing skill and comparison of novice male students.Therefore, among right-handed novice male students (20-24 yr.) from Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 33 students were selected randomly based on Imagery Movement Ability (according to revised questionnaire of Martin & Hall, 1997; Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire)1 and allocated to 3 matched groups (males active imagery, imagery, males passive imagery, and males control) based on pretest average (10 dart throw). Participants of each imagery group were performed 6 sessions imagery (20 throws with imagery and 20 throws without imagery in each session). Active imagery groups were in sport shoes and clothes behind the throwing line and passive imagery groups were in sitting pose in a room imagined dart throwing skill. Control groups had 20 dart throws. Two days after last session, retention test was performed without imagery (10 dart throws) and transfer test was performed without imagery and increasing throwing distance (10 dart throws). Data of acquisitionphase was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures and data of retention and transfer tests were analyzed by two-way ANOVA in significance level p£0.05. According to results, main effect of acquisition was significant, but effect of interaction between acquisition and imagery type was not significant. Also, in retention and transfer test, the main effect of imagery type was not significant. According to results, mental imagery without considering its type is recommended.

Sports and entertainment are important factors in mental and physical health care. Public sports and morning exercises in parks and schools are among those activities which people could do them with the minimum of facilities. This act in addition to increasing society happiness and reducing social damages has an effective impact on rising society health and reduction of illnesses. As a result, due to sport importance for society, it seems that studying sport equipment is necessary. Outdoor sport equipment is one of the facilities which ministry of education has installed in girl’s schools to facilitate doing sport and entertainment.This research is to analyze the amount of accommodation scantlings step sideways equipment under two brands named Heeger and Taharoksazane Farda with anthropometric characteristics of Tehrani high school girl users.The research methodology is comparative; the sample size is 100 Tehrani high school girls and step sideways, of two famous brands named Heeger and Taharoksazane Farda. The samples are selected and evaluated from Tehran students and more than 35 Brands in outdoors fitness equipment foranthropometric characteristics and average and percentile 5, 50, and 95, and standard aberration of anthropometric characteristics gets from users by ergonomic characteristics of selected bodybuilding systems which measured by using Single T Student method comprised, bilateral sample in significant level 0.05 (95 percent affiance). The research tool is static anthropometric kit, Stadiometer and SPSS software.According to our findings, above built sets for schools are not proportionate with high school girls’ anthropometric measures.

One of the determining and effective factors in the performance of athletes, in all kinds of sports, is having knowledge of their physiological and physical characteristics. For several years, coaches have considered these characteristics to evaluate performance of sport teams. The Subjects were 15 elite volleyball players (age 25.8±6.5, height 191.0±8.2, weight 88.2±8.2) participating in Super League year 90-91. Factors of anaerobic power, hands grip, the muscles of the shoulder girdle, back and legs, agility, speed, vertical jump one hand and two hands, long jump, flexibility, endurance and the body were measured in subjects, in three stages: before preparation for training, after eight weeks of preparation (including endurance, strength, and specific skill training) and the half-season (8 weeks and 14 workouts to maintain fitness competition).Results revealed that right and left hands grips, adductor and abductors muscles shoulder and sit up, had no significant differences after the period of preparation and half-season in volleyball players (p>0.05). Also, anaerobic power, agility, speed, long jump, vertical jump one hand and two hands, leg and back extensor muscles had a significant increase after a period of preparation in volleyball players. (p<0.05) These factors did not show a significant difference in the half-season. (p>0.05) But the flexibility had a significant increase after a period of preparation and half-season in volleyball players. (p<0.05) On the conclusion, increase in fitness factors and their impact on performance, indicates the importance of these factors and their controlling role in periods of preparation and during competition.

Today, Knowledge-based approach and use of experience and knowledge play a major role, in development and extension of organizations. Thus, considering effectiveness processes of knowledge management is unavoidable to create knowledge and innovation and as a result improving the scientific, technological, managerial and executive abilities as well as turning into a efficient knowledge-oriented organization. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of knowledge management processes by view of experts and administrators of Ministry of Sport and Youths. The number of 163 administrators and experts (40 administrators and 123 Experts) were selected through stratified random sampling. The questionnaire KM / 944 was used. The results of findings reject the hypothesis of test based on the availability of average level of effectiveness of knowledge management processes by view of experts and administrators rated 90 reliability. In fact, the results show that by view of administrators and experts, these components are lower than the average. In addition, the hypothesis of the test upon be different the view of administrators and experts regarding the effectiveness of knowledge management processes is confirmed.As a matter of fact, on average the rate of effectiveness of administrators¢ view is more than experts¢one. To increase the effectiveness of knowledge management, the evaluation of its implementation is much more important.Regarding the knowledge management is considered as a part of strategies, to improve the effectiveness the creation of map of knowledge, continuoustraining of employees and using information technology is highly recommended.

This research is to study the piety levels among the students of university of Tehran. Thus, after reviewing the available literature on the piety and its dimensions, the model of Gluck and Stark was used to measure the piety level of the student. A questionnaire was used as the gathering data tool- after evaluating its validity and reliability- and the data analyzed in SPSS package.Research findings revealed that piety levels between the students were in high level. Experimental dimension of piety is the highest one.The results of the analyses of relationship between piety levels and independent variables such as age, gender, education degree and city of resident indicated that there are significant differences between piety level and age groups, gender, city of resident and education degree; although there were no significant differences between piety levels among students in social sciences and engineering.

In reference to the performance of Ebooks in enriching youth leisure time, it is relevant to study on Ebook publishing status in Iran and to cogitate how young people exploit Ebooks through internet. On this intent, in the first place, this article, by adopting a documentary method in parallel with a case study, indicates how Ebook publishing evolved from a printing to a virtual media and which important obstacles restrict this process. Along with, the article, by conducting a survey, interested in knowing how young people in Iran consume and exploit Ebooks. Eventually the article analyze survey results in a comparative manner with global patterns.The sample, in the survey section, has been selected in snowball method.Questionnaire has been adopted fromGlobal eBook Monitor, 10 Country Comparisonwhich conducted by Bowker Market Research, by some changes in reference to Iranian society.The article shows that in spite of advances in designing a free flow format for Persian digital books, industrial digital publishing will not been constructed in a near time; in cause of not being grounded in a strong Ebook market. In this case variables like reading culture, public library infrastructure, commodity relationships, and weak publishing regulations, are responsible. However there are advantages, especially in status that arose from western sanctions against Iran, that encourage digitalizing book publishing industry. By the way publishing corporations think security regulations is the landmark issue that restricts digitalizing trends.In compare with patterns of Ebook exploitation in the world, this article shows Iranian users strongly are interested in professional issues and free books.However they display unstable behavior and keep changing their direction to different aspects of the subject.

One of the key areas related to juvenile delinquency is leisure time and in particular physical activity. Thus, the present study was to investigate the relationship between leisure time and delinquency trends in male students of Yazd University with an emphasis on sporting activities.Descriptive research method is correlation Field was conducted in the form of the fieldwork. The population of the study is based on random sampling and according to Morgan table 364 healthy subjects were selected as sample. Information gathered by the questionnaire, after confirming the validity and reliability and they were analyzed by Pearson statistical test, regression and factor analysis at a significance level of a=0.05.The results showed that most of the student’s delinquency has been order in the strong vandalism, theft, fraud, poor vandalism and finally the cultural deviations. Also, between unorganized leisure time and delinquency was positive correlation. Regression model showed that Idle, unsupervised socialization and organized leisure time together is explained the 37% of the variation in delinquency students.Thus, the increase in organized leisure activities to gether with social supervision causing tends will reduce delinquency in students.

The extra-marital relations are one of the fundamental challenges of family life in the current era. The rate of divorce in our country has had an upward trend in recent years. According to family experts, often couples have mentioned unfaithful spouse as one of the divorce factors.As regarding to unpleasant consequences that extramarital relationships have for families and their children, the main goal of the present study is to study the affecting factors the extramarital relations qualitatively. To this end, 24 couples in the town named Qorveh - who had had unfaithful to their spouse and had referred to Welfare and counseling center- were selected by purposive sampling method and were studied with semi-structured in-depth interviews.Analysis of the data using a grounded theory revealed two categories of social and psychological factors caused the marital satisfaction and the extra-marital relations that they are respectively: forced marriage, attachment to spouse family and their involvement, attitude differences on gender roles, sexual and emotional dissatisfaction and suspicion. In other words, the mentioned factors provide context for dissatisfaction, loss of interest and understanding and in some cases the extramarital relations.

Sexual harassment is a global problem that hinders sustainable way of promoting women and their enjoyment of their individual and social rights.Sexual harassment can be given the showing of the female body without any agreement, express or implied, on the condition that they may be declared a sexual nature. In this study, a questionnaire survey was used to collect information. Questionnaires were distributed among 384 girls and young women (15 to 35 years old), living in two district Tehranpars and Tajrish as a multi-stage sampling.Results showed that the women have experienced a kind of sexual harassment such as verbal taunts to say, admire the beautiful, dirty word (of blasphemy) and nuisance calls in the last three months or are aware of its occurrence about them. More women have experienced a kind of behavior sexual harassment in such as ogle Hyzy, the prosecution, touching, shoving deliberately, stopping the car in front of them in the last three months or are aware of its occurrence about them. View of genitals, sexual suggestions and threats of rape cases are less expressed by the study population. Perhaps it is a taboo to discuss about such issues or there is a kind of fear or paranoia among the women to express them.In this qualitative analysis research, most women have said that been touched unwantedly by the men many times and how fear to have relations with men.Sexual harassment is occurred in the workplaces less than the other places.Most women often tolerate sexual harassment through keeping silence and distance in public vehicles and avoiding to refer the judiciary. Also, there is a correlation between sexual harassment and women's dressing and makeup. The relationship between young womens experience of sexual harassment (verbal -behavior) and social factors (underlying factors) such as income, education and occupation of parents and family income was rejected with the lowest distance and there is no correlation between them.