SPORT PHYSIOLOGY (RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE)
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:42|Papers Count:8

Myocardial infarction (MI) is cell death in part of the myocardial during an Ischemia. Cell process in response to activity and appropriate intensity is not clear yet. Therefore, this research done to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on expression of VEGF, COL-18 and their common receptor (Flt-1) genes. For this purpose, 12 Wistar male rats with 10 weeks old and average weight 250-300 gr that infected to myocardial infarction and they were designed in to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval running on treadmills that each interval is 4 minutes with the 85-90 percent of Vo2max and 2 minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of Vo2max for four days in a week and during a period of 6 weeks) and control group (without any training). Genes expression was investigated by the PCR technique and data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 with T test (α ≤ 0. 05). The findings of present study showed that the amount of VEGF in HIIT (6. 397 mg/ml) is significantly much more than the control group (1. 002 mg/ml) (P=0. 001) and the amount of Flt-1 in HIIT group (8. 927 mg/ml) was also significantly much more than control group (1. 380 mg/ml) (P≤ 0. 001). and the amount of COL-18 in HIIT group (1. 724 mg/ml) was not significantly more than control group (1. 265 mg/ml) (P≤ 0. 340). In general, 6 weeks of HIIT can effective on angiogenesis factors after MI in male Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of 6 weeks continuous endurance training (CET) on Caspase-3 and metallothionein-2 in left ventricular Cardiac tissue of male rats. 14 elderly male rats divided to two group’ s control (n=7) and endurance training (n=7) (65%-70% maximum speed). Gene expression of Caspase-3 and metallothionein-2 were assessment by Real time-PCR and the quantification of gene expression levels using the formula 2-Δ Δ ct were used by Independent t-test. The results showed that the 6 weeks of d CET leads to non-significant decrease in Gene expression of Caspase-3 (P=0. 078) and non-significant increase of metallothionein-2 (P=0. 513). It seems, continuous endurance training does not to cause apoptotic damage in elderly people and can be used in this population.

The purpose of the study was to investigate of effect of acute interval walking with blood flow restriction on 4EBP1, ERK and P38 proteins of skeletal muscle in inactive men. Five healthy sedentary were participated in 2 sessions including acute interval walking-BFR (5 intervals 3-min walking at 55% MHR and 1 min at rest with BFR) and acute interval walking (5 intervals 3-min walking at 55% MHR and 1 min at rest without BFR). Sampling of Vastus lateralis muscle before and 3 hours after the training from the right foot of the subjects at a distance of 5 to 10 cm. 4EBP1, ERK and P38 proteins concentration evaluated by Western blotting. Dependent t-test and and Independent t-test was used to analyze the data after subtracting the post-test score from the pre-test. However, there was a significant difference between the pre and post test for 4EBP1 (P = 0. 001) and ERK (P = 0. 049) in the blood flow restriction group. There was no significant difference between pre and post test of P38 (P = 0. 452). significant difference was observed for ERK (P = 0. 012) in acute interval walking. and (P = 0. 049). There was no significant difference between pre and post test of 4EBP1(P = 0. 064) and P38 (P = 0. 122). No significant difference was found between two group for concentration of 4EBP1 (P=0. 068), P38 (P-0. 091) and ERK (P=0. 827), (P ≥ 0. 05). This study has shown that, Acute interval walking with blood flow restriction does not activate MAPK pathway signaling in inactive men.

Objective: aging is known as a low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased risk of fracture. However, appropriate exercise for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of compare effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training protocols with different intensities on microRNA-133a (mir-133a), Runx2 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPARγ ) in bone marrow Wistar elderly rats. This experimental study was done on 40 Wistar male rats (23-month-old and with an average weight of 441. 75 gram). They were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=8) include moderate (60% Maximum voluntary carrying capacity) or high (80% Maximum voluntary carrying capacity) intensity resistance training, moderate (60-110% Maximum speed) or high (80-110% Maximum speed) intensity endurance training and control. The two training groups completed 8 weeks of training program, 5 days a week according to resistance or endurance protocols. After completing training, expression of mir-133a, Runx2 and PPARγ on bone marrow were measured RT-PCR. The statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of P <0. 05. There was no significance in expression of mir-133a (P=0. 197), Runx2 (P=0. 960) and PPARγ (P=0. 872) in five groups. However, the Runx2 expression level ratio to PPARγ was higher in the moderate training group. Also, the highest decrease of mir-133a was observed in the resistance training group. Conclusion: Investigating cellular changes in bone after such exercises requires longer periods of exercise, or other measurements, especially at proteomics level, that should be investigated in future research.

Obesity and the need to control energy is considered to be one of the most important factors in the outbreak of chronic diseases all over the world. It must be taken into account due to transmission of its adverse effects from mother to offspring. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity periodic training in obese female rats before pregnancy on fatigue time, methylation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α ) and sarcolipin genes in the Gastrocnemius Muscles of their offspring. To achieve this goal, 40 three-month-old Wistar female rats were bought and categorized into four groups: high-fat diet (250± 22 g), control (170± 30 g), training with high-fat diet (240± 30 g) and training (190± 33 g). The female rats became pregnant after six weeks of HIIT protocol. Their offsprings were divided, after birth, into two groups. By using specific PCR method, the first group were dissected to examine methylation of PGC-1α and sarcolipin. The second group performed swimming protocol after two months to assess fatigue level. One-way ANOVA test results demonstrated a significant decrease (P=0. 001) in PGC-1α gene methylation amounts and a significant increase (P=0. 001) in resistance to fatigue test between training group and the other groups and between training with high-fat diet group and high-fat diet group. Hence, HIIT before pregnancy in influential on PGC-1α gene methylation and the performance of rats’ offsprings (resistance to fatigue). Additionally, HIIT can reduce the effects of high-fat foods.

The aim of this research was providing normative data for physical fitness of intellectual disability students by the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF). For this purpose, 314 students (115 females, 199 male) with educable intellectual disability (IQ Score: 50-70; age: 18. 53± 2. 55 years) were selected from Special schools in Hamadan province. Methods: At first, the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the students were measured. Then, flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), were estimated by the CSTF battery test. Descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA test, and Percentiles 20, 40, 60 and 80 were used to make the normative data and analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference between females and males in muscle endurance and strength, and Vo2max levels (P<0. 05). Flexibility did not show a significant difference (P>0. 05). The mean and standard deviation of sit and reach test was 19. 85± 9. 89 (cm), push-up was 11. 89± 8. 48 (n), sit-up was 19. 26± 9. 54 (n/min), hand grip was 14. 74± 5. 64 (kg), and Vo2max was 60. 51± 5. 97 (ml/kg. min) for all participants. Conclusion: This normative data can be used for scoring and grading of female and male intellectual disability students of Hamedan province.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of two models of training with different days of rest-to-training ratios of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and natural honey supplementation on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its expression in the hippocampus of immature Wistar rats. Thirty-six male rats were randomly assigned into six groups: control; honey (10% in drinking water); 4-day strenuous interval training; 4-day strenuous interval training+honey; 7-day strenuous interval training; and 7-day strenuous interval training+honey. They underwent HIIT (from 10-16 m/min in the first week to 36-40 in the last week) during 4-day (three days training, one day rest) and 7-day (six days training, one day rest) models for a month. Results demonstrated that the serum concentration of IL-6 was significantly (P=0. 001) higher in the 7-day program in comparison with the control group. Supplementation with honey in the 7-day group resulted in a lower level of serum IL-6 compared with 7-day group alone (P=0. 018). There was no significant difference between four days and control groups (P=0. 946). Both 7-day (P=0. 007) and 4-day (P=0. 005) training programs lead to a significantly higher level of gene expression of IL-6 in the hippocampus. However, honey supplementation didn’ t modulate hippocampal gene expression in 4-day-honey (P=0. 983) and 7-day-honey groups (P=0. 583). Therefore, HIIT increases hippocampal gene expression of IL-6; however, longer period of training cause increase systemic inflammatory cytokines. Although honey supplementation couldn't adjust the central effect of the intensive interval training, it can ameliorate systemic inflammation. Also, honey hasn't anti-inflammatory effect in non-training and non-inflammatory conditions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training with and without consumption multivitamin minerals supplementation in polluted air on some immunological factors in healthy men. 46 healthy men (age: 25 ± 2. 2; BMI: 23. 83 ± 0. 98 kg/m2), were randomly assigned into 4 groups: aerobic training with multivitamin minerals supplement (AT+MS, n=11); aerobic training only (AT, n=11); multivitamin minerals supplement only (MS, n=12) and control (C, n=12) in polluted air with an average unhealthy index. The exercise program consisted 90 min aerobic training, 3 times weekly on non-consecutive days at 60-85% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 12 weeks. Participants in the AT+MS group were additionally asked to consume 500 mg multivitamin-mineral supplement daily for 12 weeks. White blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, cortisol levels, and salivary immunoglobulin A were measured by cell Counter, ELISA and immunodefusion techniques in baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. After intervention, there was significant increase in the number of all immune cells (P=0. 01) cortisol levels (P=0. 047) in the AT group and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes (P=0. 001), monocytes (P=0. 01) and basophile (P=0. 041) in the MS group. Also, the s-IgA levels increased significantly (P=0. 047) in the AT+SM group, but remained unchanged in the other groups. The results of the study showed that aerobic training combined with multivitamin minerals supplementation causes improvement in some of the immunological factors in the polluted air. However, to achieve more conclusive results, further investigation is needed.