SADRA MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Aim and Background: Exposure to cancer causes physical, psychological, and spiritual crisis. Spiritual health coordinates different aspects of human life to one another, and it is the vital aspect of human life for the adaptation to the disease. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between spiritual needs and contextual factors regarding spiritual well-being in cancer patients. Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study. The participants were 141 patients with cancer diseases (female 76, male 65) from Sari city selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using the spiritual well-being scale, spiritual needs scale, and contextual dimension scale. Results: For data analysis, stepwise regression analysis was used. Results of statistical analyses showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between scores on the components of spiritual needs and spiritual well-being. Therefore, the subscales of the spiritual needs, such as "religious needs" (P<0. 001), "existentialistic needs” (P<0. 001), "needs for inner peace” (P<0. 001), and "actively giving needs” (P<0. 001) had positive correlation with spiritual well-being. Furthermore, among all components of spiritual needs, religious needs, existentialistic needs, and actively giving needs had a stronger predictive power in family flexibility. There were also significant correlations between “ behavioral "(P<0. 001), "political"(P<0. 001), “ governmental "(P<0. 001), "public health"(P<0. 001), “ medical "(P<0. 001), and "employment"(P<0. 001) dimensions of and spiritual well-being, and all these factors had the highest degree of variance in spiritual well-being. Conclusion: It is concluded that religious needs and contextual dimension, as two psychological constructs, can play a significant role in creating spiritual well-being.

Introduction: Today, organizations feel that they need accurate, relevant, and timely information in order to properly fulfill their assigned tasks. The Management Information System (MIS), a type of Information System (IS), has a significant impact on organizations' performance. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a comprehensive management information system in organizing incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive management system was developed in 2017-18 to collect information for technology incubator centers and companies based in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using a model based on modern research methods in management. This system was then physically installed at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and was used in six technology incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The efficiency of the information management system of the technology incubator centers was studied and analyzed using descriptive methods through questionnaires designed based on Likert's five-point scale; SPSS and EXCEL software applications were also used. Findings: The result of this research showed the participants’ satisfaction with the indicators related to the design, installation and implementation phases, and also the increased speed of users’ responsiveness, the reduced times of data entry, user satisfaction, experience of interaction with the system, reduced workload, accuracy and precision of information, and increased relationship between incubator centers and companies. Conclusion: The present study concluded that proper implementation of management information system can be effective in improving personnel performance, managers' decisions, and productivity of growth centers in developing and supporting knowledge-based companies. By reviewing and upgrading the management dashboard, the performance of the system can be improved to meet national needs at any time and as a result, it will save time.

Background: Cosmetic rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly used surgeries among young people, especially female students. Some psychological personality traits are the mainstay of this kind of cosmetic surgery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the psychological profile of female students using cosmetic rhinoplasty and that in the control group. Methods: The population of this study consisted of all female students in Zand Institute of Higher Education. Among them, 30 students with cosmetic rhinoplasty as an experimental group and 30 students without cosmetic rhinoplasty as a control group were randomly selected. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to collect the data, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that from the 8 clinical scales of MMPI, scores of hypochondriasis and Psychasthenia in female students using cosmetic rhinoplasty were significantly higher than the scores in the control group. There was no significant difference in other clinical scales between the two groups. Conclusion: Anxiety, obsession, perfectionism, fear, and hypochondriasis, which include obsessive and extreme attention to the body and its appearances, were significantly higher in female students of cosmetic rhinoplasty than those in the control group. Therefore, the need for psychological intervention and counseling is absolutely necessary in order to eliminate the unnecessary cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Background: Bathing in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) is regarded as a stressful experience for premature infants. Reducing stress is an important challenge in bathing preterm infants. Swaddle bathing can be used as a low-stress and an appropriate bathing method for premature infants. Given the limitations of the researches carried out on this bathing method, the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effects of swaddled and conventional bathing methods on physiological parameters among the premature infants in NICU. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 50 premature infants who were hospitalized in NICU and were eligible for the study were divided by random allocation into two intervention and control groups. The infants in the intervention group were bathed using the swaddle bathing method, and the infants in the control group were bathed using the conventional bathing method. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation were measured 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after the bathing. Findings The mean heart rate (p = 0. 002) and respiration (p <0. 001) after bathing were significantly higher in the conventional bathing group than in the swaddle bathing group. Also, the mean blood oxygen saturation after bathing in the conventional bathing group was significantly lower than in the swaddle bathing group (p <0. 001). Conclusion: Given the positive impact of swaddled bathing in reducing physiological stress responses, swaddled bathing can be used as a suitable and safe bathing method in NICU.

Introduction: Currently, cultural consumption is one of the most common ways of forming and constructing identity, affecting the choices like attitudes towards marriage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of single female employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences towards marriage and its link with the amount of cultural products consumption among this population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Using the theoretical framework of the research, cultural products considered in this study had five components: 1-cultural activities, 2-study books, newspapers and magazines, 3-using satellite programs, 4-using the Internet, and 5-using internal media programs (TV, radio, and cinema). These components were measured using a 14-item questionnaire based on a six-point Likert scale. To gather the data, respondents were asked to specify their cultural consumption, according to six points, from ‘ not at all’ to ‘ very high’ . The responses of the respondents were gathered in each case and were considered as a cultural consumption. The statistical population of the study was single female employees working in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was 345, and the data were collected by a survey method, using a questionnaire. Results: The findings of this research showed that a considerable number, 39. 1%, had a negative attitude towards marriage which is indicative of changing attitude towards marriage. Furthermore, all of the components of cultural consumption affected attitude towards marriage. In addition, findings showed that use of Internet and subscription to social networks like telegram (BETA=-0. 618) had the most significant effect on the single female employees’ attitudes towards marriage. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that Internet and membership in virtual networks have a great impact on females’ attitudes towards marriage, it is recommended that interventions through virtual networks be made in order to improve females’ attitudes towards marriage.

Background: Stress and burnout are among the challenges that nurses face, and the proper use of time can lead to its reduction. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of time management training on stress and job burnout among nurses in hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study which were conducted sampling 120 nurses, using a convenience sampling method. Intervention group samples were selected from Imam Ali hospital and the control group from Khatam al-Anbia hospital in Zahedan. Data were collected through demographic, ENSS job stress, and Maslach burnout questionnaires. In the interventional group, after completing the questionnaires, time management training was conducted in four sessions by two groups of 30 people per week for 90 minutes. This intervention included lectures using educational aids and PowerPoint for eight weeks. After the final time management training session, the burnout and stress questionnaires were again completed in the intervention group and the control group. Data were analyzed through Independent and paired t-test, and chi-square. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of job stress scores after time management training in the intervention and control groups (P> 0. 001). Mean changes in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores and personal achievement of burnout after time management training were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: Given the importance of time management in nursing, nurse managers should hold in service time management training courses for their employees, nurses.

Background: Knowledge sharing is an important factor in gaining competitive advantage for organizations. Since knowledge sharing involves social interactions among employees, social capital can play a role in the formation of shared knowledge. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and the tendency to knowledge sharing among nurses. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey. Among 950 clinical nurses, 274 of them responded to a standardized questionnaire survey (Hau & et. al. 2013) which was based on a Likert spectrum by classified random sampling method. The data were analyzed through path analysis using SPSS 15. Finding: The results showed that social capital with the tendency to tacit knowledge sharing (T= 5. 74, β =1. 35), social capital with organizational rewards (T=4. 91, β =1. 32), social capital with pleasure (T=6. 82, β =3. 39), and social capital with a mutually beneficial effect (T=10. 78, β =1. 73) had a positive and significant relationship. Relationships between pleasure with tendency to tacit knowledge sharing (T=5. 91, β =0. 14), pleasure with tendency to explicit knowledge sharing (T=4. 13, β =0. 08), and pleasure with reciprocity interaction (T=5. 64, β =0. 10) were also positive. The relationship between reciprocity interaction with the tendency to tacit knowledge sharing (T=-2. 85, β =-0. 21) was inverse and significant. The relationship between organizational rewards and pleasure (T=-2. 05, β =-0. 22) and organizational rewards with reciprocity interaction (T=3. 66, β =0. 12) were also significant. The results showed that fitting the model is desirable. Conclusion: There is a direct relationship between social capital and tendency to tacit knowledge sharing and indirectly tendency to explicit knowledge sharing of nurses. Moreover, among the three individual incentives (reward, enjoyment, and reciprocity interaction) the enjoyment and reciprocity can have a very important role in the relationship between social capitals and tendency to knowledge sharing, especially tacit knowledge sharing among nurses, but the reward is not really effective.

Background: Caring for a patient with a mental disorder is a responsibility that has a lot of psychological burden for family members. In recent years, psychotherapy, especially psychosocial interventions, along with drug therapy has been given greater attention. One of these family-based interventions is the psycho-educational intervention of the family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psycho-educational intervention on the burden of family caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in the psychiatric hospital affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The research sample consisted of 31 main caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder who participated in 6 group training sessions. Before and after the intervention, Zarit psychological burden questionnaire was completed by caregivers. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, Chi-square, Pearson correlation, and T-test. Results: The mean age of caregivers was 45. 77 ± 12. 62. The mean psychosocial burden of caregivers in the pretest was 66. 45 ± 14. 73. The results of the study showed that after participating in educational sessions, the average of psychological burden in caregivers with mean of 38. 3 ± 10. 53 was significantly decreased (P = 0. 000). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of psycho-educational interventions on the burden of family caregivers in patients with bipolar disorder, it is suggested to use psycho-educational interventions in psychiatric wards for caregivers in bipolar patients.

Milk protein, alpha-lactalbumin, is one of the proteins that many researchers have done a lot of research on its structure and function. In the late nineties, a completely different activity of α-LA was discovered. When α-LA is present in a conformation that has been partially unfolded, it can form a complex with oleic acid (OA), which specifically has an anti-cancer activity. The complex between human α-LA and OA has been called HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells). The cell death mechanism by HAMLET has not yet been determined. However, it has been shown that HAMLET interacts with various cellular organelles including nuclei, lysosomes, mitochondria, proteases, and ribosomes. Apoptosis, autophagy, and disorders in the structure of chromatin are three different cytotoxic pathways activated in response to HAMLET. In this study, a summary of the structure, antitumor mechanisms, and clinical applications of this complex will be presented.