JOURNAL OF ENERGY PLANNING AND POLICY RESEARCH
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:15|Papers Count:7

Nowadays required energy mostly comes from fossil fuels but the limitation of fossil resources and their environmental effects have encouraged communities to seek alternative renewable energy sources. Meanwhile enery forom biomass (bioenergy) has particular importance due to wide range of resources and other advantages. In this research, a multi-objective model is proposed to design a bioenergy supply network from different types of second-generation biomass (Jatropha, agricultural residue and animal waste) and third generation (microalgae) considering water-energy nexus and carbon emission concepts. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used in order to find proper places for Jatropha cultivation in Iran and reduce the solution space. The proposed model is solved for a 10 years time horizon using MINMAX goal programming method for Iran provinces as a case study. According to the results, energy production from microalgae and Jatropha resources is prior to the waste.

Humans are an integral part of power plants, ranging from construction to routine maintenance. Analysis of the presence and performance of the human factor can play an effective role in reducing and/or optimizing the use of energy resources. Therefore, in this research the investigation of the plant operator's presence direction in order to control a type of accident with the implementation of feed and bleed process was carried out. For this purpose, the performance management of the power plant operator in reducing energy consumption from a safety perspective has been investigated. Therefore, using relevant codes, a high-frequency accident simulation such as the total loss of power (Station Blackout), which includes both external and internal site power supplies, was performed for the Bushehr nuclear power plant and operator behavior during the feed and bleed process was analyzed in the accident control. The results showed that the operator's presence in accident management prevents severe accidents, also prevents the passage of thermohydraulic parameters such as primary circuit pressure from design criteria and prevents fuel temperature from melting. On the other hand, using the SPAR-H method to evaluate this performance, while maintaining power plant safety conditions, simultaneous safety assessment, human errors and the use of energy sources, will delay the decision to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, a combination of safety and reliability assessments using deterministic and probabilistic safety analyzes will provide a convincing result in the decision-making of energy resources consumption, which, given the complexity of safety and energy issues this research can have used in other areas, as an approach in other industries including aerospace, oil, gas and petrochemical as well as defense industries.

Iran is considered as one of the most energy-consuming countries in the world, and because of the abundant resources in Iran, energy is so cheap. In this study, by focusing on the residential sector as the most consumable sector, and electricity as the most consumable energy in this sector, it has been tried to investigate, and simulate related approved methods in the world, and the results of the implementation of these strategies are simulated and analyzed over the course of twenty years (2016-2036). In this way, system dynamics (SD) methodology is used. SD methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and the reason for choosing this approach is the proportionality of the inherent properties of energy systems-such as nonlinear variables, time delays, feedback structures, uncertainty, and cause-effect relationships-with the properties and tools of this approach. Different solutions to increase energy efficiency consist of the development of LED lighting products, development of air conditioning systems, development of insulation, as well as cultural issues and modification of consumption patterns are considered, and the efficiency of each solution regarding the capital allocation to each one is investigated. The information and needed data are often extracted from official reports and statistics from the Ministry of Energy and its subsidiaries as well as the Iranian Statistical Organization. When there is little data to define the relationships between two variables, experts' opinions are used. The simulation results over 20 years show that the best way is to allocate 25 percent of capital per year to each solution. 50 percent of the cost for LED products should be paid as a grant, and 100 percent of the cost for air conditioning and insulation system should be paid via an interest-free loan with a two-year repayment. The results of this study can be a guide for electricity policymakers and planners.

One of the main challenges of bioenergy sector development is the cost of biomass supply chain resulted from inefficient bioenergy production from low energy content biomass feedstocks, high logistics costs of biomass production, handling and transportation. Another main aspect to be considered is that the configuration of a biofuel supply chain can be dynamic which evolve over time. Growing demand and increasing of biofuel related incentives, promote considering the assumptions of capacity expansion and evolution in the biofuel production technologies in the existing biofuel supply chains. Accordingly, two approaches are proposed in this research to reduce the mentioned challenges. On the one hand, according to the proposed technology by the U. S. Department of Energy, advanced hydrocarbon biofuel can be achieved by using upgrading units in existing refinery to upgrade biointermediates into final products (e. g. gasoline, diesel and jet fuel) integrated with existing petroleum refineries which can be a good opportunity to use existing infrastructures of petroleum refineries. To be more specific, regarding significant amounts of biorefineries investment costs, taking advantage of refinery units and pipelines leads to saving considerable amounts of investment and annual costs and also achieving more profit from selling new final products. On the other hand, in order to apply dynamic supply chain network design, strategic and tactical time periods are considered, in which the revision of design decisions, such as facilities number, location, and capacity, can occurs at the beginning of each strategic time period. Moreover, in this research, besides of physical flow, optimization of financial flow is considered and maximization of efficiency objective function to optimal design and planning of biofuel supply chain is proposed. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed model a case study is developed for bioethanol supply chain located in Iran and computational results are presented.

Energy is one of the main pillars of the economic cycle. The environmental pollution caused by the consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel, the problems and limitations of supplying and supplying fuel within the country, moving towards self-sufficiency in the supply of gasoline and diesel fuel, reducing government spending against income and also allocating macro subsidies to keep their prices low for Increasing satisfaction and public welfare are among the government's concerns. In recent years, the use of alternative fuels, in particular CNG, has attracted the attention of the government in the transportation sector. The purpose of this research is mapping the mapping to improve the use of CNG fuel in the transportation sector using the Strategic Option Development and Analysis. Experts and stakeholders selected based on the job title, work experience, degree of education from professional experts and executives in the management of the CNG project, managers, experts and specialists of the automotive dual car manufacturing company, the companies producing parts of the gas system and the conversion of workshops of automobiles Diesel fuel and CNG equipment manufacturers, CNG locators, taxi organization (consumer representative) and postgraduate students (graduate and postgraduate degrees). The research data are provided through interviews with this experts and stakeholders, and finalized maps using the Explorer Decision software were designed and analyzed. D As a result, 18 effective factors were identified. Based on the results, the desire to use CNG fuel instead of gasoline, CNG sustainable development and the development of a CNG vision document are key issues for improving the use of CNG fuel in the transportation sector. Finally, according to the outcomes of the maps and expert opinions, effective and strategic alternatives, such as the elaboration of a long-term plan for the country's fuel basket, the release or determination of the appropriate rate for the price of all fuels, the provision of targeted facilities for the supply of CNG fuel, continuous advertising And influential, and strategies for achieving these goals were proposed for policy makers.

Today, energy is known as one of the main factors for the formation and development of industrial societies And the availability of countries to various energy sources represents their potential for political and economic progress. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of technology factors on the intensity of energy in 29 provinces of Iran (except for Alborz and South Khorasan) using the space model during the period from 2007 to 2015. For this purpose, indigenous R & D variables such as foreign direct investment, exports and imports as effective technology factors, and the variables of economic structure, energy prices and urbanization as control variables have been used. The research method is a spatial model. After performing the relevant tests and determining the type of model, Spatial Durbin Models (SDM) has been designed for review. Three direct and indirect effects and total effects have been estimated. The results of the study in three cases indicate that among the factors of technology, research and development (in both direct, indirect and total terms) and import (in direct and total terms), they have played a major role in reducing energy intensity. But foreign direct investment has not been able to have a significant impact on reducing energy consumption. Exports have also led to an increase in energy intensity. Control variables: energy prices, economic structure, and urbanization have effect according to theoretical literature (positive, negative, and negative respectively) on the reduction of energy consumption. Therefore, according to the results, it is recommended that, by increasing investment in R & D and imports, it would reduce energy intensity, also by adjusting energy prices and by policy of distributing industries and factories in the province, especially in rural areas, in reducing industrialization of cities and Reducing urbanization and thereby reducing energy intensity.

In today’ s competitive world, one of the most important factors in improving firm performance and gaining a competitive advantage is technological learning. Technological learning makes it possible to develop and promote innovative products and services of the firm. This process allows people, companies, and countries to update their knowledge about technology and products, and then develop and improve their businesses with widespread skills. In this paper, a framework was developed of technological learning in equipment manufacturing enterprises in the power industry in Iran. This framework provides learning dimensions and indicators. The dimensions of technological learning include learning contents, learning resources, learning methods, and the internal and external environments of learning; the indicators related to each dimension are also provided. Following this, the impact of technological learning on the performance of these firms is examined using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) tool, thus measuring performance of manufacturers in four perspectives: financial, customers, internal business processes and learning and growth. This research adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative section, the content validity of the research was verified by a number of academic and industrial experts. In the quantitative section, the construct validity was verified by using the reviews of the managers from power industry equipment companies. Using the partial least squares method (PLS) and “ SMART PLS” software, the results of the analysis indicated that technological learning has a significant effect on organizational performance. However, the effect is insignificant. The main reason for this is the negligence of learning and growth issues by firms. In addition, the results of the analysis indicated that two dimensions of learning, those being resources and content, have important roles to play in the successful realization of the technological learning process in equipment manufacturing enterprises in the power industry in Iran.