SPORT MEDICINE STUDIES
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:23|Papers Count:6

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of whole-body vibration at a constant frequency and different amplitude in femur and tibia bones in ovariectomized rats. 23 ovariectomized rats divided into two exercise groups (n=9) and a SHAM group (n=5). Six healthy and non-surgical rats formed the control group. Rats in exercise and SHAM groups were placed on vibration platform for 8 weeks on the progressive time 2-5 minutes, 3-7 set and 1-minute inter-set rest time. Mechanical properties including stiffness, stress, and energy absorption and displacement percentage of the femoral and tibial were evaluated with three-point bending test after the period of the study. Stiffness index between training groups HA (P=0. 024) and LA group (P=0. 006) in femur and tibia compared with the sham group showed a significant increase. Stress index significantly increased between HA groups (P=0. 000) and LA group (P=0. 001) relative to the sham group in tibia. Energy absorb in just LA group (P=0. 006) with the sham group showed a significant increase in tibia. Significantly increased control group compared to the sham was also observed in the indices (P=0. 014, 0. 000, 0. 011) Our findings indicate a positive effect of whole-body vibration on the mechanical properties of the bone in both low and high amplitude conditions, but it was more effective in low-amplitude than high-amplitude condition. Also, whole-body vibration training is more effective to mechanical properties of tibia. Mechanical properties of bone in ovariectomized rats were close to control group level during whole body vibration.

The aim of this study was to compare knee muscle onset, feedforward, feedback and pattern of the activity in colligate athletes who suffer from limited ankle dorsiflexion range of movement in a single leg jump landing task. 30 subjects from basketball, volleyball and handball participated in this study and were divided into 2 control and experimental groups. In a single leg jump landing task, the onset and amplitude activity of Vastus Lateralis Oblique (VLO), Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO), Rectus Femoris (RF), Bicep Femoris (BF) and Semi Tendenisous (ST) were measured using surface electromyography. The results show that there were no significant differences for onset, feedfowrad, feedback and amplitude activity of the selected knee muscles between the control and experimental group. Although the theory of closed chain kinematics declares that if there is a defect in one of the kinematic chains other chains would be influenced as in muscle activity, but the current study shows that there were no significant difference between the feedforward, feedback, amplitude and onset activation for knee muscles between athletes with and without limited ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of Core stability training on Motor performance of elite Goalball players. Twenty-six elite Goalball players participated in this study. Participants randomly divided into two groups, experimental (n=13) (9 male, 4 female) and control (n=13) (9 male, 4 female) groups. Medicine ball throw distance, throw velocity of the goalball’ s ball, Single-leg Triple Hop, Flamingo Balance Test and Y balance test was used for evaluation. Control group received conventional exercise while Study group received 8 weeks Core stability exercises using a Swiss ball exercises. Core stability exercise was conducted three days a week. Both groups before and after the eight weeks of training, participated in Functional test. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in the 0. 05 significant level. Analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference in the average adjusted static balance group core stability exercises (M=3. 20) and control (2. 35) in elite athletes (F (1, 23)=33. 66, P=0. 000, η 2=0. 59). Also there was a significant difference in average adjusted dynamic balance between core stability training (M=79. 8) and control groups (M=75. 4) in elite athletes (F(1, 23)=14. 04, P=0. 000, η 2=0. 38). Also, there was significant differences between adjusted mean between throw velocity, medicine ball forward throws distances and medicine ball backward throw distances group core stability exercises and control of elite athletes (P=0. 001). Result showed there is positive effect of core stability training on motor performance of Goalball players. It is recommended that core stability exercises be used as an effective way to enhance performance and prevention from injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscles functional fatigue on some of kinematics parameters related to ACL injury during cutting maneuver. A number of college student athletes' soccer athletes, including 24 persons in two experimental (n=13) and control (n=11) groups participated in the study. Cutting maneuvers were recorded by motion analysis system using six Vicon high-speed cameras, with a frequency of 240Hz. Movements were analyzed by Nexus software and joint angles (knee flexion, knee valgus and tibia rotation with respect to femur at the moment of heel contact and the maximum amount of knee flexion, knee valgus and tibia rotation with respect to femur at the first 50% stance phase) were collected. SPSS and paired T-Test and ANCOVA were used to comparing two groups. The results indicated that core muscles functional fatigue was affected on ACL injury risk factors during cutting maneuver.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ten-week combined training in stable and unstable surfaces on spatio-temporal parameters of gait in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thirty patients were divided into two exercise groups. spatio-temporal parameters were measured with camera. The timed 25-foot walk test, six-minute walk test and Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 test were used to assess walking speed and endurance and self-reports of walking ability, respectively. The results showed that there were significant improvements for all outcome measures in both exercise groups. Exercise group in unstable surface showed significantly larger improvement in ability of walking, percentage of single support, reduction of step width and percentage of a gait cycle in double support than exercise group in stable surface. According to research findings, exercise in stable and unstable surfaces resulted in considerable improvements in spatio-temporal parameters and ability of walking in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in soccer players and have serious sequelae. Detecting a proper tool for identifying soccer players at higher risk of ACL injury is a critical step toward deployment of effective ACL injury-prevention programs. Twenty-eight male soccer players performed controlled drop vertical jump and soccer-specific jump landing tasks. The paired sample t-test showed the mean scores related to the landing error in the soccer-specific task (6. 81 ± 1. 30) were higher than the mean score of the controlled task (5. 1 ± 1. 41) and the difference was statistically significant. It can be concluded that male soccer players employed a different landing strategy between controlled and specific soccer tasks. The specific soccer landings task might better help to identify soccer players with poor landing technique and probably at higher risk of sustaining ACL injuries.