Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2006 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (26)|Papers Count:11

Objective: Regarding to ADHD is believed to the most common behavioral disorder in children, the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. This study compared ADHD children and normal children.Materials & Methods: In this comparative study, subjects were 192 children with ADHD who referred to pediatric psychiatric clinic in two years therapeutic period. The children were diagnosed as ADHD according to DSM-IV by two pediatric psychiatrists (experimental group) and 210 normal children who were chosen from schools and day-care centers in Tehran (control group). Research variables were matched with experimental group. Data were analyzed with descriptive methods such as: Chi-Square test.Results: Findings showed that 79.3% of ADHD-positive subjects and 54.3%of their controls were boy. Consanguinity of parents, history of ADHD and psychiatric disorders in parents and their relatives and being the first or second child of family were associated with greater risk of ADHD in children and showed significant difference between two groups (P< 0.001).Conclusion: Male, Consanguinity marriage, history of ADHD and psychiatric disorders in parents and relatives and the first or second child are risk factors of ADHD.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of home based cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) on quality of life in post Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients.Materials & Methods: We conducted a quasi experimental design study with a non randomized sampling, pretest – posttest control group. After matching, 38 subjects were allocated randomized either a home based CRP (n = 18) and a control group (n = 20). At the base line knowledge about disease management and quality of life (QOL) were measured .Then experimental group were instructed by multidisciplinary team about home based CRP. The patients received an instructional booklet containing the above mentioned information and also received support and guidance through phone call and home visits, on the other hand, disease management and health behavior were been measured in ever home visiting. At the end of three months follow up, patient’s knowledge and QOL were measured again.Results: The research findings indicated the improvement QOL for the Experimental group following the application of home-based CRP, this improvement included all dimensions such as physical, mental, and psychological ones (P = 0.000). No significant improvement was observed in social dimension of QOL following the experimental group (P = 0.308).For control group, the reduction of averages in different dimensions of QOL was noticeable. However, this reduction was noticeable and just meaningful in social dimension (P = 0.009). Comparing groups, before the intervention, indicated that there weren’t significant differences in different dimensions of QOL but, after the intervention, there was significant difference just in psychological dimension (P = 0.032).Conclusion: Significant positive changes in physical, psychological dimensions and whole of QOL indicated positive effect on home based CRP on QOL in experimental group. Although there was just significant difference between groups in psychological demands of QOL after the treatment, but research hypothesis, “positive effect of home based CRP on QOL” wasn’t supported. It may be due to the fact that QOL is a subjective, dynamic and multidimensional concept and defensible outcomes need using larger sample with longer period of time especially based on team approach.

Objective: Study of effectiveness of “home based training” in community based rehabilitation program on disabled people, under supervised of 21 pilot cities health and medical networks, who were trained and evaluated at the end of the course.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 614 disabled people who had participated in “home based training” were selected with stratified random sampling method. They were evaluated according to function progress level variables by community based rehabilitation programme experts. Age, sex, disability groups, employment state and teacher’s relation variables were studied from their files and recording datas. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test.Results: There was a relationship between age group and disability group with functional progress level (P = 0.014 & P <0.001). Low age groups, visional disabled group, epileptic patients and individuals with learning problems had the best results. High age groups, mixed disability group and individuals with verbal and hearing problems had the least results. There was a relationship between teacher’s relation with progress or nonprogress state (P = 0.038). Individuals that they were own teachers had the best results and individuals with teachers other than first or second relation or health worker had the least results.Conclusion: Home based training in community based rehabilitation programme is an effective method for improving disabled people in some selected groups.

Objective: Giving birth and training to a child with Mental Retardation (MR) can be stressful for mothers. Therefore mothers need role models and adequate preparation to effectively teach the child to function at optimum level within the environment. Nurses are in a strategic position to assume a vital role in a assisting these mothers. With observation, problem solving, and decision making.There is a lack of studies about mothers’ experiences of having a child with MR. This study was preformed to investigate mother’s experiences of having a child with MR and how explore and describe the experienced mothers with mental retarded child.Materials & Methods: A phenomenographic approach was used. The study was preformed at an exceptional school in Tehran. Twelve mothers were interviewed using guided interviews.Results: From 336 thematic sentences, Six categories emerged, the first having three subcategories and the second having twenty subcategories, the third having three, the fourth category having six, the fifth having two, and the sixth having two subcategories. Mother’s experiences of having a child with MR, describes informants a variety of feelings, often ambivalent (acceptance and UN acceptance). In such a situation, attention to God and prayer are the most important coping strategies for positive adaptation in mothers’ experiences of having a child with MR, but this perception can not effect to accept him alone. They emphasis on educational and psychological needs for better life.Conclusions: The findings of this study could be used in mothers' education to promote understanding of mothers’ experiences and how best to help them. They could also be used in the general media to improve public understanding.

Objective: Hereditary Hearing loss (HHL) affects one in 1000-2000 newborns and more than 50% of these cases, the loss has a genetic basis. About 70% of HHL is non- syndromic with autosomal recessive forms accounting for ~85% of the genetic load. To date, more than 100 locus estimated for this kind of deafness. Different genes have been reported to be involved, but mutations in the connexin 26 gene (Cx26) have been established as the basis of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. The aim of this project is to study the prevalence of connexin 26 mutations.Materials & Methods: In this study from the population that referred to welfare center of Khoozestan province for genetic counseling, 50 individual have been selected and getting 5-10 ml blood then after DNA extraction we analyzed quality of DNA by spectrophotometry. Mutation screening began by using ARMS - PCR (Amplification Refractory Mutation System– Polymerase Chain Reaction) for detection of 35delG and then we analyzed all samples excluding 35delG homozygote by Denaturation High Polymorphic liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) and Direct Sequencing.Results: We screened 100 chromosomes (50 patients) for GJB2 mutations. Thirteen (13%) carry GJB2 mutations including 35delG, R184P, R32H, R127H, 300del2 (AT). Among them, 35delG has the highest frequency (61%). Polymorphism V153I was found in three chromosomes and also polymorphism V52V was found in family.Conclusion: According to our results, other loci and genes may be the major responsible for non-syndromic deafness in this population.

Objective: There is an assumption that pragmatic competence and performance in deaf students is less than normal students , so this research notice to this pragmatic aspects in two groups of deaf students of Baghcheban schools and normal students in Tehran.Materials and Methods: Subjects were 70 girls and boys from deaf students with severe impaired hearing (70 - 90 dB) and mean of education 15 - 18 in 4 levels high school. Then those compared with 70 normal students that was matched in terms of sex, educational level, course of education and area of live. Method of research was comparative and crosses - sectional. Instruments include questionnaire and pragmatic test (reception and expression of metaphors, reception and expression of proverbs, reception of indirect speech acts, reception of inferential meaning, select of best topic and reception of humor sentences). Then the data was analyzed with the use of Kruskal Wallis test, Mann - Whitney U, t - test and paired t – test.Results: Analysis of data demonstrated significantly different (P < 0.05) between average scale of pragmatic competence and performance in two groups. There was significantly difference between average scale of pragmatic competence and performance with the increase of educational level in hearing loss students also. But there weren’t significantly difference between average scales of pragmatic with the increase of educational level in normal students.Conclusion: The deaf students understand pragmatic competence less then normal students and they are unable to use them appropriative in different contexts and situations.

Objective: People can to make mental relation between mental and motor procedures, without external motivation, who excited these procedures. This ability is named motor imagery. Mental practice is the acquisition of a physical skill through mental imagery. In the other word it is a cognitive rehearsal in the absence of actual performance of physical movements.This study was conducted for this aim: the effect of mental practice on eye hand coordination in the healthy girls between 20-25 years old.Materials & Methods: The study was a quasi experimental and applied research. Study’s population was 45 girls between 20-25 years old. The tool for data collection was E-Link system from movement tracking laboratory in rehabilitation school. In this study we investigated eye hand coordination after mental and physical practice. Subjects randomly assigned. Physical practice group, applied practice in physical form for 10 sessions.Mental practice group, were imagine the stages of practice and the control group didn’t do any practice.Results: Findings shows that the physical practice group had the most progress in eye hand coordination (P<0.05), we had seen progress in eye hand coordination in mental practice group but this progress was less than physical group (P<0.05). Control group didn’t show statistical meaningful progress. (p>0.05)Conclusion: Results of this study confirm this idea: mental practice can cause motor learning facilitation. So it will be recommended when physical practice is not possible we can use mental practice.

Objective: The aim of this study is assessment of acceptance of addiction prevention existing methods and design and present of appropriate model.Materials & Methods: This research has done by survey and descriptive method; by using questionnaire we assessed knowledge and belief of people about suggesting and existing methods of addiction prevention and their acceptance and finally design new and appropriate model of addiction prevention. For designing questionnaire, first exports and professors were openly interviewed and according their views final questionnaire was planned. We used questionnaire with 2 open ended and 61 close-ended tests for gathering data. The subjects of research were 2500 persons 13-35 years old that were selected by randomized sampling from 15 provinces.Results: The findings showed that according to people who were studied, they have positive beliefs about prevention methods and their effectiveness. According to findings a good model is inclusive model that able to do in four levels: knowledge, change believes and attitude, control and change behavior.Conclusion: The people of study believe that acceptance of suggesting and existing methods of addiction prevention are effective direct and indirect to others, and appropriate model is inclusive model.

Even though numbers of low vision patients who have been visited and treated in eye clinics, sometimes there is no exact treatment to increase their visual acuity.That is well known the necessity of Vision Rehabilitation for them.The aims of this essay are definition of Vision Rehabilitation and its process and vision rehabilitation centers (called Low Vision Clinic).The statistic of low vision people is reported and the method of collecting data is described. Standard definition, causes of low vision and related diseases (congenital, heredity, acquired…) are explained. In addition low vision aids and role of test and prescription are discussed.Sometimes ophthalmologists and optometrists can not do exactly treatment patient to raise their V.A because there is no treatment or drug or ordinary glasses. In these cases the clients should be refer to low vision clinic and visiting by low vision specialist on vision rehabilitation process.After primary evaluation they are tested completely and at the end are prescribed proper low vision aid and also providing advice for him/her or family in relation to career, education role and technique especially in children.At the last part of present dissertation has been come some example to show effectiveness of vision rehabilitation and low vision aid among the clients in different countries.